Thank you for standing by. This is the conference operator. Welcome to the Zeta Fourth Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, all participants are in listen-only mode and the conference is being recorded. After the presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to turn the conference over to Scott Schmitz, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Operator. Hello, everyone. And thank you for joining us for Zeta’s fourth quarter 2022 conference call. Today’s presentation and earnings release are available on Zeta’s Investor Relations website at investors.zetaglobal.com, where you will also find links to our SEC filings, along with other information about Zeta. Joining me on the call today are David Steinberg, Zeta’s Co-Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and Chris Greiner, Zeta’s Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I’d like to remind everyone that statements made on this call, as well as in the presentation and earnings release contain forward-looking statements regarding our financial outlook, business plans and objectives, and other future events and developments, including statements about the market potential of our products, potential competition and revenues of our products and our goals and strategies. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. These risks and uncertainties include those described in the company’s earnings release and other filings with the SEC and speak only as of today’s date. In addition, our discussion today will include references to certain supplemental non-GAAP financial measures, which should be considered in addition to and not as a substitute for our GAAP results. We use these non-GAAP measures in managing the business and believe they provide useful information for our investors. Reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures to the corresponding GAAP measures where appropriate can be found in the earnings presentation available on our website, as well as our earnings release and our filings with the SEC. With that, I will now turn the call over to David.

Thank you, Scott. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. 2022 was a stellar year for Zeta, which we capped off with an incredible Q4 that once again exceeded our expectations. For the full year 2022, we delivered revenue of $591 million, up 29% year-over-year, with adjusted EBITDA of $92 million, up 46% year-over-year. The leverage in our model resulted in 180 basis points of adjusted EBITDA margin expansion to 15.6% in 2022. And importantly, we generated $78 million of cash from operations with free cash flow of $39 million, up 123% year-over-year. On the back of this momentum, we are providing initial 2023 revenue and adjusted EBITDA guidance above current consensus, which Chris will discuss in detail shortly. The strength of our results highlight the power of Zeta’s patented AI and proprietary data to help large enterprise brands improve their ability to acquire, grow and retain customers more efficiently and effectively than ever before. And evidenced by our 48 new scaled customer additions in 2022, it is clear that Chief Marketing Officers who are under pressure to do more with less are willing to make changes to improve the effectiveness of their marketing programs and lower their total cost of ownership. The Zeta Marketing Platform or ZMP was purpose-built to improve marketing efficiency and effectiveness by unifying identity, intelligence and activation to create better experiences for our customers and deliver better outcomes for brands. As we look forward, we believe our competitive position has never been stronger. The market continues to move in our direction as foundational elements of the ZMP are now boardroom topics. Artificial intelligence has exploded and is now vital to setting corporate strategy. First party data and CDPs are essential for making mission-critical business decisions and greater personalization and addressability are crucial…

Thank you, David, and good afternoon, everyone. I will cover three topics on today’s call. First, we continue to be a business delivering beyond its commitments. Fourth quarter results once again exceeded expectations, highlighted by top and bottomline growth rates pacing ahead of the Zeta 2025 model. Second, 2022’s results established yet another data point in a multiyear trend of accelerating revenue growth, sustained operating leverage and margin expansion. And third just like last year, our 2023 guidance is above the street and still set purposely conservative intending to be the starting point for how we build throughout the year. Additionally we are adding free cash flow as a component of our Zeta 2025 plan. So lots of great things to cover. So let’s dive in. Our credibility is our currency, since going public we have built a track record of beat and raise execution with six straight quarters delivering above our guidance. This last quarter was no exception. In the fourth quarter revenue was $175 million, up 30% year-to-year and 9 points above the midpoint of guidance. Upside in the quarter was broad based and not attributable to any single factor. Our U.S. revenue grew 32% year-to-year. The third straight quarter growing over 30% and is 96% of total Zeta revenue. Large enterprises from diverse industries are choosing Zeta and what we see as early innings of a replacement cycle. We ended the quarter with 403 scaled customers, up 14 from the third quarter and up 14% year-to-year, both pacing well ahead of our Zeta 2025 model. Filling this back a couple of more layers, six new scaled customers came from consumer and retail, two from financial services, two from advertising and marketing and four from technology services and others. Out of the 14 new scaled customers, five were…

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Brian Schwartz of Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.

Yeah. Hi. Congratulations on the quarter and thank you very much for taking my question. David, first thing I wanted to talk about was just, an overall view from what you are hearing from customers when they are talking about marketing budgets for this New Year in 2023. What are you hearing from them? Are they thinking about growing them? Are they resetting them lower? Does the budget growth seem to be more resilient from their point of view? Any color will be helpful. Thank you.

First of all, thank you, Brian. We appreciate your attending. The truth of the matter is, it’s like almost anything, I meet with a ton of CEOs and a ton of customers, everybody said that, we are dealing with, their businesses are doing well, but there is some trepidation because of what they are hearing in the wider marketplace. To-date, we are not seeing any marketing contraction in any of our customer’s budgets, that could later in the year, but right now we are seeing very, very solid numbers. In fact, I would say, more of them are talking about how do they grow the budget. But the topic in every boardroom and the topic with every CMO is efficiency, right? How do we take our existing budget and focus more on getting more with the exact same amount. It’s not sort of how do we cut and then get more from that.

Thank you. And then the follow-up I had one for David and then I will layer in Chris too. David, can you talk at all about the momentum that you are seeing with some of the bigger new partners that you signed up over the last couple of years, something about Snowflake and Dun & Brand -- Bradstreet, are you seeing meaningful interest and pipeline coming from them? And then for Chris, can you touch on how this can help the business, and the sales and marketing leverage over the long-term? Thanks again for taking my questions.

Oh! No. Of course, Brian, I would say, first of all, as I think Chris said, our pipeline is at an all-time high. We have gone from 50 some odd salespeople to over 130 sales people over the last few years and we are seeing incredible throughput from that. But at the same time, the marketing partnerships, I would say you mentioned Snowflake. Them in particular have been an incredible partner and have generated a tremendous amount of deal flow. Some of our other partners have done well, but Snowflake really stands out as the absolute best, which is not to say the others haven’t flowed deals. But we are really experiencing, quite frankly…

Yeah.

… as you saw, I think in the numbers, the growth rates are even surprising us a little bit coming out of how strong those partnerships have been and how strong our new sales people are. Chris?

Yeah. And Brian as you would expect, the extension of our partner networks and those the three the Amazon, Dun & Bradstreet and Snowflake, our expectation is, we will continue to grow those add leverage to the sales model and would be incremental to Zeta 2025. We built Zeta 2025 on our own sales productivity. So the further lift we get from those partners and more partners down the road should be incremental.

Congratulations on the quarter.

Thanks, Brian. Operator, next question.

Thanks, again.

Thanks, Brian.

Our next question comes from Arjun Bhatia of William Blair. Please go ahead.

Hey. Thanks, guys, and I will add my congrats on the quarter. David, you are obviously stressing that there is a need for efficiency with CMOs and the platform kind of plays into that perfectly. When you see the customers that are consolidating, is there a typical profile of customers that are looking to move off legacy platforms or point solutions, right? Maybe it’s the customers that have had a solution in place for 10 years, 15 years that they haven’t modernize, like, what do you typically see out there and is there an opportunity to use that profile to go out and target customers that are ripe for consolidation?

Yeah. So, Arjun, first of all, thank you. Second, without question, what we are seeing is the vast majority of the customers that are looking for efficiency are currently using legacy and larger marketing clouds. And as I think I pointed out in my prepared remarks, most of these legacy marketing clouds, if not all of them, are subsidiaries of subsidiary sitting inside of very large tech conglomerates. And the truth of the matter is, they have been under investing in these assets for many years as a percentage of what they invest, because they are investing in their core products, and if I were them, I’d probably be doing the same thing. Our core product is us, right? We are bespoke to do this. So what we are seeing as contracts are coming up with the legacy marketing clouds, they are going out to bid at a much higher rate than we have ever seen before and we are winning. At the same time, our ability to sit alongside of them during the existing contract and help them with some of our functionality. Meaning we can help with acquisition, while they are using a legacy marketing cloud for CRM and we can move through different functions with them. That’s getting our nose under the tent and then when they go out to bid, we are generally in the catbird seat. So to answer your question simply, it is large marketers who are using legacy marketing clouds as they are coming up for contract, we are seeing them move at a much higher pace than in the past.

Perfect. That’s very helpful. And one for Chris, I appreciate the Zeta 2025 free cash flow target. I am curious and I did notice that the conversion takes up -- the EBITDA conversion picks up over the years, can you give us a sense of what levers you have available to drive that conversion higher on free cash flow over the next couple of years?

Sure. First, we have come a long way in a short period of time. So if you just look back a couple of years, you would see that the cash flow conversion was in the mid 20s call it and then ticked up to 28 this year at 42. So the tools we have in our tool belt that we have been using over the last several years, we will continue to use. And I will stress that $110 million isn’t at least just like the profit number just like the revenue number is for Zeta 2025. But we feel like we have got, we have learned a lot over the years getting much more efficient and how much drops from EBITDA to cash flow and expect that efficiency to continue and there’s a reason why there is an at least on it.

Thanks, Arjun. Operator, next question, please?

Our next question comes from Richard Baldry of ROTH Capital. Please go ahead.

Thanks. So getting back to the partnership idea, as you are scaling up now and driving so much more revenue per client, how about the opportunities to partner with non-traditional players, like, the agencies themselves who, I think, they are battling for mindshare and the ability to do targeting versus the larger players like Google or Facebook. Is there we -- we saw them talking on a panel at your user conference, are there ways for those to really expand into a deeper partnership to go-to-market with? Thanks.

First of all, thank you, Rich. Yeah. I mean it was not a coincidence. We had the Presidents of the largest U.S. holding companies at Zeta Live this year. We see the agencies as our partners. And we have, for quite some time, the difference is what’s changed is, the elimination of Apple’s IDFA rippled through the efficacy and modeling of most of the agencies’ ability to focus on social media. And at the same time, I think, you have got a big contingent in the agency world that are very nervous about pricing power from Google and they are looking for alternative partners to scale with as it relates to that. So we have made our living direct to enterprise, it’s still the vast majority of our revenue. Even when we partner with an agency, we have a deep and very meaningful relationship with the underlying client. It’s not like the agency just as here go forth and conquer. It’s we come in together as partners to that enterprise and we work lockstep. It is a very exciting growth opportunity for Zeta. It’s something we are spending a tremendous amount of time on. And I would say that the time I have personally invested into this segment of our business has been bearing some fruit, which we think could bear additional fruit going forward. Also I will point out, we did mention, we have 300% growth in our CTV business. There’s a lot of linear TV that’s going to move from linear to CTV over the next few years that today sits in the control of the agency holding corporations. So we feel we are very well positioned to partner with them and help them to do a better job for their clients in lockstep.

And last one for me would be, you walk through how the headcount leverage has been pretty extraordinary over the past few years in terms of its slower pace of growth and revenue growth. Do you have any concern that if the topline keeps growing as fast that does that you could end up a little stressed on the service delivery side and maybe that’s a way to talk about how much of what you do is automated versus high touch? Thanks.

I think you hit on a really good point. I mean, our customers use and love our AI and we are using the automation inside the company has become more efficient. So I think that’s part of A of why we feel comfortable with what we are adding in terms of capacity for the requirements we have for our customers. The second though is, we have an impressive global footprint. So while total headcount over the last three years has only grown 5%, U.S. grew too, our global centers primarily in India and Prague have grown 7%. That gives us, not just tremendous operating leverage, but we have very skilled long-tenured leaders at those locations that have built an amazing culture and we can very quickly ramp up in resources. David, you and Steve ever built it, you should…

Yeah.

…well know that.

I mean, Steve, really has spent a lot of time on the India and Czech Republic, or I should say, Prague operation and now we are standing up operations in the Philippines as well, which has been pretty exciting. I think it’s important to note, Rich, that, we on-boarded 48 customers of scaled last year. That is a big number for a company like us. We couldn’t have done that without automation and we couldn’t have done it with our amazing global people. The other thing I would say is, we have over 100 patents either issued or close to being issued in artificial intelligence and machine learning. 15 years ago when we started out as a business, big data and AI were not even in the vernacular of what you would talk about as it relates to marketing or business intelligence, they were both things of science fiction. Today they are table stakes, right? But what we really focused on even from day one was owning a large pool of first-party permission-based data; and two, automation. And automation has sat at the core of what we are building. We originally thought of ourselves many years ago was a marketing automation platform. In fact that was sort of our tagline for many years. Today, it’s -- AI at the core and is native to our platform. And what are the other things I’d like to point out is, when you look at some of those legacy marketing clouds, to use their artificial intelligence, you have to step out of their platform and do a data dip into a separate platform to get to AI. Same thing for their data sets when they are importing them, they sit outside of the core of the platform. The Zeta Marketing Platform has data and artificial intelligence as native to the application layer. And it just makes things so much faster. It allows decisioning to move in a hundredth of one millisecond versus some much longer period of time. So I think we are very well positioned to continue this trend.

Thanks, Rich. Operator, next question?

Thank you.

Thanks, Rich.

Our next question comes from Jason Kreyer of Craig-Hallum. Please go ahead.

Thank you, guys. Two from me, maybe I will start with David. Just on the connected TV side, I wanted to just dig into that increased contribution. I am curious if there are meaningful changes to your product set that you are going to market with or if this is just more awareness of the product and just organic improvement there? Second question for Chris, you mentioned bigger deals in the pipeline, just wondering if you can expand on that, like, are you talking about more use cases more channels or just more committed volumes or not?

So I will take the first part, second. Yeah. I think, first of all, we are sitting at the precipice of what is a new dawn of the way people consume video content, right? So when TV started out 100 years ago with the Milton Berle Texaco Show, you had one channel, two channels, then three channels, then as my children like to point out in my lifetime, I started with five channels. Now we are up to hundreds of channels. But at the end of the day, that’s not the way the younger generation is consuming their video content. They are consuming it through connected TV online video or over the top TV. And you are beginning to see that in the results of the linear TV providers. So I believe we have the world’s best CTV platform and because the Zeta data cloud is able to identify a unique individual online through either programmatic or online video and through social, mobile and CTV, same individual, same Zeta ID number can be identified across all of those channels. As marketers are looking to move from linear TV to connected TV, they want a platform that can help them focus on return on investment. The ability to do what we do with the direct target CTV is game changing and I am quite frankly not aware of anybody else out there that can do that. There are other platforms that can do CTV campaigns, but they are doing it too probabilistic datasets, not deterministic datasets and they are going to have to catch a lot of dolphins in their net to get to that tuna. We are able to really get down and just catch that tuna in our net, which allows the client to spend the same amount of money, but drive substantially more customers. Chris, for the second question?

Yeah. Thank you, Jason. It’s interesting, if you look at the number of deals in our pipeline a year ago, this is, as the end of the fourth quarter. It’s a similar number of deals. They are up a little bit year-over-year but the dollar value is what’s so much greater. And I talked about it also through the lens of RFPs, which is obviously a subset of that pipeline, not only is the RFP volume up, David, talked about getting more chances at that as these marketing clouds come up, but the value of those deals is getting bigger. And as you pointed out, yes, it’s more use cases, yes, it’s more channels, but it’s a bigger opportunity to take out parts of their marketing stack than we were getting before. That’s ultimately what’s driving it. And we are not obviously we are not shy about starting with pilots, but we equally loved starting bigger and we continue to see the deal size is getting bigger, sales productivity stats and our ability to execute on that pipeline is also meeting our expectations and in many areas exceeding it.

Thanks, Jason.

Thank you, Jason.

Operator, next question please?

Our next call comes from Zach Cummins of B. Riley Securities. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. David, first question for me is just really around your CDP+ product. I mean it seems like that’s really a great opportunity to really drive momentum within that product rhyme. So I am just curious of the go-to-market function and how you are looking to really drive adoption there?

Thanks, Zach. And it is -- listen CDP+ sits at the core of every single conversation we have with existing and potentially new customers. And the ability to bring together all of an enterprise’s disparate datasets into one data ecosystem and then allow them to append and add hundreds if not thousands of fields of incremental data from the Zeta data cloud really begins to change the game as they think about first and foremost, what is the difference between a marketing signal and what is the difference between just noise. And what we are doing is we are synthesizing through our artificial intelligence what signals are really relevant on their customer base to make sure that they can lower their churn rates and keep their customers as long as possible. What other products do they have in their arsenal that they should be selling their existing customer set, but they are actively researching for. And then third how do we take the $240 million plus people in the United States who have opted into our data cloud and help extend that to help them add new customers. All of that sits in the center with the CDP+. And quite frankly, we win well over half the engagements we go after in this category. It’s when people see what the CDP+ can do, they are generally blown away, and for us it’s also in many ways a Trojan horse. How do we get into the enterprise they start learning all of this incredible stuff about their consumer. One of the things I think most people don’t understand is, once they learn everything about that individual, they cannot activate to them in less they use the Zeta Marketing Cloud, because everything synthesizers to the Zeta ID that Zeta ID does not allow them to identify that individual outside of the Zeta Marketing Platform. So, it’s one of the reasons we talked about the sales motion, which Chris does so eloquently where you start with a pilot and then you grow. Once again if you look at the 48 scaled customers we added this year, call it, two-thirds of them started small and then grew, and that is really a very powerful thing and the CDP+ is mission critical to that.

Great. That’s very helpful. And just one quick follow-up for Chris, really appreciate the free cash flow guidance that’s given for the Zeta 2025 target. When you are thinking about excess free cash flow, I mean, how are you thinking about allocating that to debt paydown versus stock buybacks versus maybe even incremental M&A?

Yeah. I mean the beauty of having a long-term plan in place is that, not only do we have quarterly gates that each of our business units make their way through it kind of releases funds. The same applies for multiyears out. Debt is becoming much more expensive today obviously than was a year ago. So that’s, it’s very topical and on our brain. We will continue to do small tuck-in deals as kind of been our legacy history. But otherwise, were going to continue to be very disciplined on investment rigor that we have had, David.

And by the way, you could see us as we do some of these tuck-ins use a higher percentage cash than we had in the past, where we feel like we are getting far more leverage in a business that we can tuck-in grow dramatically. But we will make those decisions as we continue to go. And listen, the more cash we generate, the more flexibility we have as a company. Cash flow has been a key metric to us internally for many years, and as we look at the current market landscape, we thought adding an additional metric to Zeta 2025 made prudent sense where we believe at least 55% of our EBITDA by 2025 will convert to free cash flow. And to put it in perspective, we could paydown 100% of our debt in 2025 and 2024 from the proposed cash flow we are currently forecasting. But our net debt continues to be pretty low as a company.

Thank you, Zach. Operator, next question please?

Our next question comes from Ryan MacWilliams of Barclays. Please go ahead.

Hey. Thanks for taking the question. Are you seeing any differences to start this year versus how Q4 ended and any changes in customer interest across your acquire, grow and retain use cases? Thanks.

Well, just to answer your first question, we traditionally see a seasonally slower quarter in the first quarter from the fourth quarter and that is reflected in our guidance, even though we feel very comfortable with the guidance we put out and like a lot of companies we are trying to over index on being conservative in the world today, because you know there’s a lot of turbulence going on. But the truth of the matter is, if you look at the last number of years of this company, seasonally, Q4 is very, very strong, and then you come into Q1 where you are resetting a little bit that. But at the middle of our range, I believe we projected a 19% growth rate year-over-year for the first quarter and continue to feel like we have been conservative. Chris, do you want to answer the second question?

Yeah. In fact, on slide 17, on the earnings supplemental, you will see that we laid out the three-year average revenue linearity and guidance by quarters. But to David’s point, that’s also where you see the seasonality show up.

He asked about the use cases as well?

And use cases, I mean, we mentioned, all of our growing double-digits. Acquire and grow are growing the fastest both at about equal rates above the company’s growth rate. What was interesting is, this is now the second quarter in a row where we have added many more scaled customers that are using more than one use case. We are now almost at 50, we are 46, but that’s a 39% improvement year-over-year and that in the last quarter also grew in the 30. So that’s a big incremental opportunity for us. It’s incremental Zeta 2025. All the ARPU expansion in Zeta 2025 modeled off of channel expansion. So our continued inroads here is only incremental upside. Next question?

Yeah. With more channels, you guys got me interested in talking about the accelerating replacement opportunity for the legacy marketing cloud. I mean, this is a pretty big opportunity. Since you previously called out, there’s like 10,000 customers that could potentially be scaled data customers. Are this legacy marketing cloud customers typically on a contract length of like three years or five years? Just trying to get to what the yearly opportunity could be of US$36 billion then?

They are almost all on three years. And you see effectively a third of them come up every year. The big question is how do we, and quite frankly, I think, it’s one of the things we did best last year was, how do we begin to get far more shots at the basket, right? So we have always said we close a disproportionate percentage of the RFPs or engagements we get invited to participate in. The big question was how did we grow that number at the top of the funnel? So what did we do? We have built a whole new sales motion with a great team focused on lead generation. We were named -- we are in the far right-hand upper corner of the Forester report for marketing automation companies. We were named top five in the world by multiple sources for CDPs. Zeta Live was an absolute blowout with over 7000 attendees either in person or online and we look forward to seeing everybody again this year. We just sent out the save the date. And that has materially increased the number of RFPs we are seeing, which allows us to get more bites at the apple. So if you think of them as three-year contracts, you are talking about every year about 33% come up.

Thanks, Ryan.

Thanks.

Operator, next question.

Our next question comes from Ryan MacDonald of Needham. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thanks for taking my questions and congrats on an excellent quarter and fiscal year. David, first for you, you talked about in one of your earlier responses that two-thirds of the deals of the 48 new customers you added this year started small and grew. Given this larger opportunity for multi-product consolidation, do you feel like you need to change the way you go-to-market at all to win some of these larger deals on the initial land and to have you started to see any potential gaps or natural adjacencies you can expand to with the product portfolio to maybe capture more share on these consolidations?

Ryan that is not to suggest the other questions weren’t great. But that’s a really good question. And I think, Chris, even hinted at the size and scale of the deals we are seeing coming out of the gate are substantially larger than we have ever seen before. We are often now going to market with Fortune 1000 companies for the whole shoe bang [ph], where they are moving massive dollars in one fell swoop. And I think I pointed out the one retailer who signed a five-year contract with us. That’s not something that would have happened a few years ago, right? So I think in order to go-to-market, what we have seen is with the turbulence that a number of the large legacy marketing clouds are having, we have been able to steal, I shouldn’t say that, a number of their very senior sales people have left those organizations and then we have been able to hire them shortly thereafter. So we are not just bringing in more salespeople, we are bringing in senior sales people coming out of these marketing clouds who have made these very large sales and they are building a go-to-market strategy that in many cases is sort of all of it versus a very small part.

Thanks. Very helpful. Maybe as a follow up for Chris. Chris, you mentioned in terms of the incremental leverage that you are going to see this year that it’s going to come more from at the OpEx level than at the gross margin level. Is that being driven at all by sort of a continuation of maybe more of this mid-70%s mix of direct platform? And if so, what’s driving, I guess, maybe that mix shift that’s going to remained in the mid-70% versus you put up a couple of, I think, high 70%, 80% quarters? Thanks.

Yeah. It’s not as much that, Ryan. It was more reflection that, we are significantly ahead in terms of what we should be reducing our cost of revenue by, our model says 60 points a year. Last year for the full year, we reduced it by 170 bps. So we are ahead. I think the second part is, we wanted to add a layer of conservatism in the middle of the P&L, just like we have at the top part of the P&L. Not to say that, it just gives us flexibility, frankly. And then third, it’s really more a reflection of the investments we made, particularly in sales and marketing, adding multiple CROs. David talked about adding mechanisms and infrastructure around marketing. We don’t need to make those same investments this year, so they are just going to be some natural, natural leverage as we wrap around on those investments. But it’s more around conservatism and leaving ourselves flexibility.

Thank you, Ryan. Operator, next question, please?

Yeah. Thanks.

Thanks, Ryan.

Our next question comes from Elizabeth Porter of Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Hey, guys. This is Chris Quintero for Elizabeth. I wanted to better understand the reduction in the superscaled customers. It was primarily due to them falling below that spend threshold. But just curious kind of where that reduction was, it was in more kind of on the activation media pass-through side or was it on the more kind of subscription side?

It was usage driven and it was frustratingly, I say, because it was, it literally fell right at that cut-off point. None of them left. They are all now hanging around the hoop at that high 900K level and wouldn’t be surprised if they jump back in. So it was more fourth quarter usage driven. But I think the important point here is, if you look at the ARPU of those customers. Superscaled ARPU grew 26%, superscaled revenue as a contributor to overall Zeta’s revenue grew 34%, and then even zooming out further, we have got a great slide in the supplemental that breaks out a cohort of those scaled customers and how long they have been with us. What really exciting to see is, those customers and the cohort of one year at Zeta to three years at Zeta, their average revenue went from 900K to 1.4 million in a year. So, to David’s point, we are not shy about getting in on pilots, because we have proven over time, the longer they stay with us, the bigger they become. Thanks, Chris.

Our next question…

Thanks. Operator, next…

Our next question comes from Koji Ikeda of Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Hey. This is Natalie Howe on for Koji. Thanks for squeezing me in. I wanted to ask for a bit more clarity on the impact from political customers, if you could help us understand the contribution there. We were hoping to get a bit more granular, in particular, what the impact on Q4? Thank you.

Yeah. So our guidance entering the quarter was for $4 million of mid-term candidate revenue and it ended up being $4.5 million. So we did a little bit better, but was right in line with our expectations.

Okay. And then quick follow-up…

And we did disclose…

Oh! Go ahead. Sorry.

I am sorry, I was just going to say, we did disclose that. We think it’s an important metric. We agree with you. So, we -- it was about $4.5 million of the $175 million.

Okay. Thank you. And then quick follow up. You guys mentioned you are investing more on brand recognition. Should we expect increased expenses there and is there any insight on the trajectory of that over this year and the next few years?

Yeah. Well, so we did say that we expected to get material leverage out of SG&A this year. So that would imply that we will not be increasing overall expense as it relates to our sales, marketing and general and administrative expenses, which brand building fits into. We quite frankly, we have just shifted budget from other places and we have been very fortunate, right? Because over the last few years we have materially lowered our cost of goods sold, which has given us more flexibility. I don’t see us spending more money this year. I mean, you might spend a little more on an absolute dollar perspective, but I don’t see the percentage going up on brand build. The big thing last year was Zeta Live. We expect to do it again this year. The funny thing is, Zeta Live was such an incredible success last year, a number of our partners have come to us and said, can we help sponsor this next year? Can we do a dinner? Can we host a session? So shockingly we are now potentially going to lower the cost of building the brand for the company, while simultaneously hopefully growing Zeta Live even bigger than it’s ever been.

Thank you, Natalie. Operator, we have a time for one more question, please?

Our next question comes from DJ Hynes of Canaccord Genuity. Please go ahead.

Hey, guys. Congrats on all the momentum. It still sounds great. Chris, one for you, just given the growth you are talking about in CTV, is there anything we should be aware of from a margin profile standpoint as that revenue layer is in?

It -- no. Nothing in particular. In fact, we have seen over the last several years, the margin profile of that channel improve steadily.

And by the way, we have moved it, so the vast majority of that is on platform, DJ. So we feel good about that, because it’s plugging into our device graph, which is now the largest device graph in the United States and gives us a lot of flexibility as it relates to targeting, which leads to higher margin. Did you have a follow-up, DJ?

This concludes the question-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back…

Thank you.

… over to David Steinberg for any closing remarks.

Well, spectacular quarter. I mean, it’s hard to say anything other than that. We really delivered on every metric we expected too. We were able and feel like in an incredibly conservative way. We raised our guidance from where I think most people expected us to be. And we feel like we have got the right people, the right technology with our artificial intelligence and marketing platform and the right data set to continue to win in the marketplace and more than exceed on our 2025 plan. More than anything, I want to thank all of our Zeta people. They have just worked tirelessly to deliver on the metrics that we have put out and it is a team that really has come together and congealed in a way that makes me as the Co-Founder and CEO incredibly proud. Steve Gerber, Chris Greiner, Steve Vine and their respective teams are I could go on and on with Chris Monberg and Neej Gore and Will Margiloff and just everybody who’s really helping us to grow, build and deliver on this business have just done an exceptional job. I hope everybody has a wonderful day and I look forward to seeing everybody in person sometime soon. Bye.

This concludes today’s conference call. You may disconnect your lines. Thank you for participating and have a pleasant day.