Good morning, and welcome to the Sun Life Financial Q3 2022 Conference Call. My name is Michelle, and I'll be your conference operator today. [Operator Instructions]. The hold of the call is Yaniv Bitton, Vice President, Head of Investor Relations and Capital Markets. Please go ahead, Mr. Mitten.

Thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Sun Life's Earnings Call for the Third Quarter of 2022. Our earnings release and the slides for today's call are available on the Investor Relations section of our website at sunlife.com. We will begin today's call with opening remarks from Kevin Strain, President and Chief Executive Officer. Following Kevin, Manjit Singh, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, will then present the financial results for the quarter. After the prepared remarks, we will move to the question-and-answer portion of the call. Other members of management are also available to answer your questions this morning. Turning to Slide 2. I draw your attention to the cautionary language regarding the use of forward-looking statements and non-IFRS financial measures, which form part of today's remarks. As noted in the slides, forward-looking statements may be rendered inaccurate by subsequent events. And with that, I'll now turn things over to Kevin.

Thanks, Yaniv, and good morning, everyone. Turning to Slide 4. We delivered strong third quarter results, reflecting the ability of our diversified businesses to deliver underlying earnings and top line growth even in a challenging environment. We saw the U.S. have strong sales results and almost double underlying earnings from last year with the addition of DentaQuest, strong Health and Risk Solutions results and a significant moderation of COVID-related impacts. Asia grew insurance top line and underlying earnings as most of our markets began to emerge from COVID restrictions, and we executed well on our growth strategies. Canada also delivered a strong result for the quarter, including strong insurance sales. SLC Management had strong flows as alternative assets continued to attract commitments. MFS continued to deliver on their strategy, but saw AUM and earnings decline along with outflows as markets fell. Overall, declines in equity markets impacted our fee income across MFS and our other equity sensitive businesses, including GRS and SLGI in Canada and asset management across Asia. Interest rates are also having an impact as central banks continue to fight inflation by raising rates. Our LICAT ratio remained at a solid 129% during the quarter despite negative year-to-date impact related to the rapidly rising interest rates. Reported net income of $466 million for the quarter was down 54% year-over-year as a result of market volatility, the write-down of goodwill in the U.K. and an increase at SLC Management put liabilities. Underlying net income of $949 million was up 5% with strong U.S., Asia and Canada earnings. These strong results driven by our protection and health businesses were offset by lower income in wealth and asset Management, which were impacted by declines in global equity markets. Our asset management businesses have strong fundamentals, focused on delivering strong performance and…

Thank you, Kevin, and good morning, everyone. Slide 8 provides an overview of our third quarter results. The results reflect the strength of our businesses and the benefits of our diversified business mix. Reported net income for the quarter was $466 million, driven by strong underlying earnings, partially offset by market-related impacts, our charge to write-off goodwill related to the sale of our U.K. business, an increase in acquisition-related liabilities in SLC Management and lower ACMA gains compared to the prior year. Overall, our annual actuarial review resulted in a relatively neutral ACMA impact of $7 million. Underlying net income of $949 million and underlying earnings per share of $1.62 were up 5% from the prior year. Strong growth in protection and health businesses, including moderating COVID-related impacts and a full quarter of contribution from DentaQuest, more than offset lower wealth and asset management results. Underlying return on equity was strong at 15.5% for the quarter. Book value per share was up 6% over the prior year. Excluding impacts and other comprehensive income, book value per share was up 7%. We continue to maintain a solid capital position with LICAT ratios of 129% at SLF and 123% at SLA. The Q3 leverage ratio was 26.4%. With the announced redemption of $400 million of subordinated debt in Q4, pro forma leverage is 25.6% and SLF LICAT ratio is 127%. Now let's turn to our business group performance starting on Slide 10 with MFS. MFS reported net income of USD 240 million, was up 7% from the prior year, reflecting fair value changes on outstanding share-based payment awards. Underlying net income of USD 212 million was down 18%, driven by lower average net assets, largely reflecting declines in global equity markets. MFS generated a pretax net operating margin of 41%. The operating…

Thank you, Manjit. To help ensure that all our participants have an opportunity to ask questions this morning, please limit yourselves to 1 or 2 questions and then requeue with any additional questions. I will now ask the operator to pull the participants.

[Operator Instructions]. Your first question comes from Scott Chan with Canaccord Genuity.

My questions are on MFS. Manjit, you talked about the gross redemptions on our platform being better than the industry. But when I look at the gross sales, that seems to be more the issue last 2 quarters down materially sequentially. So just wondering if there's any kind of color on the gross sales picture there? Is it performance issues? Is it products being overweight equity? Any color would be kind of helpful looking forward.

We'll hand that over to Mike, Scott.

Scott, it's Mike Roberge. Yes, I mean, if you look at industry, what's happening in the industry is sales are down pretty dramatically across all product types. We see that across equity, we see that across fixed income product types. And so when you look at our share of outflows. So again, sales -- net as a function of sales and then what clients are doing on the redemption side, we control sales. But on the net side, when you look at our net flows in the industry relative to our assets, our share of active assets, we're generating less outflows than the industry is relative. And that's -- so the way that we're looking at it is sales are tough right now, clearly, with the volatility of the markets. We think that they're going to stay tough for some period of time until the Fed gets to sort of the end of the cycle and volatility comes down and people can look through the other side of the economic slowdown. And so we think we're holding our own relative to the industry, but the dynamics are pretty challenging right now in the retail industry.

And if I can sneak in one more big picture question on asset management, maybe for Kevin or Mike. Like clearly MFS' challenges on the traditional side and SLC on the alternative side is doing quite well specifically at your firm. Is there anything down the road where you could do something together like amongst the groups like in terms of product cross-selling? Or is any of that being done right now? Or is that something that you're just going to kind of leave separate for now?

Well, Scott, we announced the Phoenix transaction earlier this quarter and that's an area where both MFS and SLC will be fund managers. For Phoenix, they were both part of the strategic partnership. Of course, as we think about flows, Steve and Mike talk about things, but they're very different asset classes, right? So MFS is, of course, in the public equity and fixed income and Steve has across the alternative space. So there's obviously discussions that happen across both, but they are run as separate entities.

Your next question comes from Tom MacKinnon with BMO.

Just one question with -- or two questions. The first is on -- if we look at the impact of new business, especially in Canada, we had -- seemed to have some better sales at least in individual insurance, but the impact of new business is down significantly. Was that largely just due to DB Solutions sales being down? And maybe if that's the case, then what's the outlook for DB Solutions sales going forward, just given the interest rate environment and the macro environment as well? And then I have a follow-up.

Tom, this is Jacques. Let me start with that. So new business gains are down and you've identified it. If you remember, Q3 2021, we had lumpy -- good, lumpy sales in Defined Benefit Solutions. We've got good sales this quarter, but not nearly as good as last time. That's the main driver. Individual insurance is -- the sales are up, but the mix is less favorable. There is more par that doesn't generate as much business gains. In terms of the outlook in Defined Benefit Solutions, as you know, the key metric there where clients execute or not, an annuity buyout is their funded ratio. And funded ratios remain fairly healthy. The pipeline going into Q4 is looking very strong right now. So I've said many times before that this is a growth market for us. I mean when we compare to other jurisdictions that are way ahead, whether it's U.S. or U.K., it's still relatively a nascent market. We've got a great team of actuaries and we tend to do very well and particularly deals are innovative and complex. So we're quite confident about the growth potential of DBS going forward.

Well, that's great. And the follow-up question is, if I look at the earnings on the surplus, the investment income component of that, the first quarter was $90 million; second was $122 million; third quarter, $163 million. Like I mean what -- interest rates must be helping, but maybe you can give a little bit more color because as your longer term, you wouldn't -- these things wouldn't necessarily be mark-to-market. There's no gains. This is just strictly keep on clipping. So maybe talk about what you've got here and what the outlook would be for earnings -- the investment income component of earnings on surplus as interest rates rise.

Thank you for your question, Tom. It's Manjit. Yes. So you're right. The main factor driving that growth in investment income has been the significant increase that we've seen in interest rates really throughout the year. And then that does take a little bit of time to work its way through. But really, you saw significant increases in Q2 and in the first part of Q3 that really helped to drive that quarter-over-quarter increase. Now there are a few other components within the earnings on surplus like available-for-sale gains and other impacts that you can have on securities, but those are more moderate and those can shift a little bit from quarter-to-quarter. But the big impact was the impact from the interest rate increases.

So -- but if you were invested in longer-term bonds, you just clipped the same coupon, there's no market value impact here. So is anything unique about what you're invested in?

Yes, we do have a fair bit of short-term instruments and including -- and we also have some floating rate assets as well. So as short-term interest rates go up, you do get an increase in the investment income.

Okay. And if I could just squeeze one quick one in. Just with respect to morbidity, the outlook in the U.S. seems to be improving significantly. How should we be looking at that going forward? You had some troubles before. We've got an uncertain economic environment. Is breakeven best because the quarter seemed to suggest that it would be better than that?

It's Dan Fishbein. So on morbidity, we -- there's obviously different parts to this. First of all, the biggest positive impact in the quarter certainly continued to come from our stop-loss business where experience was still quite strong. That's mostly due to good pricing and underwriting. There's also a bit of benefit there still from lower utilization in hospitals due to COVID impacts, making capacity in hospitals less available, but most of the impact came from underwriting and pricing. Then in our disability businesses, we did see a more direct reduction from COVID incidents in the quarter. Sequentially, STD and LTD experience was somewhat better. Obviously, you know we're coming off of what was a very difficult Q4 and Q1 in terms of COVID incidents. And of course, disability claims can last a while. They tend to -- some of those, obviously, still related to that earlier incidents. But both of those -- we hope that LTD and STD incidents will continue to improve, and we're confident that the stop-loss morbidity is strong and is mostly related to our actions.

Your next question comes from Meny Grauman with Scotiabank.

A question on the U.S. Certainly, overall resilience is definitely a hallmark of the results this quarter, but I wanted to understand better downside risks from recession in the U.S. as we look out to 2023. It's something we've talked before about, but I wanted to revisit it in terms of the implications for the U.S. business. And specifically, the vulnerability really, if we need to see a big spike in the unemployment rates for that business to really get impacted. Presumably, the Group Benefits business is more at risk than the Dental business. I wanted to understand some of the dynamics in terms of thinking through downside economic scenarios in the U.S. for that -- for your U.S. business next year?

Sure, Meny. This is Dan again. A few thoughts on that. First of all, obviously, the biggest economic impact we're seeing right now is inflation. And inflation at least in the U.S. Benefits business actually tends to give a boost to results. Benefits are -- many of the benefits we offer are based on wages. So as wages go up, the volumes go up as well. Also in a very tight job environment, we're finding that employers are very interested in providing very attractive and competitive benefits. So that's driving up the uptake rates and the amount of benefits being offered. If we end up in a recessionary environment, kind of to your point, one of the things we typically see is some uptick in long-term disability incidents. However, historically, that does take a few years to play out, but that's certainly one thing we would have to watch closely. As far as the recession causing some reduction in benefits, what we're finding coming out of the worst of the pandemic is that both employers and employees value benefits even more than they did before the pandemic. And we think those trends will continue. So benefits are one of the last things we think that employers and their employees would move away from. So we're less concerned about volume. But of course, as always, if there is a recession, there might be some pressure on LTD incidents.

And then just as a follow-up in the Group Benefits business in particular, we talked a lot about the after-tax profit margin and you reiterated the 7% guidance last quarter. Just wondering how that -- we don't really have a good history for that measure. But based on your experience, what could that profit margin look like in a recessionary scenario? Is there any way to kind of approach that question from your perspective?

Yes. I think that's really hard to say. Again, based on the comments I just gave, there would obviously be some pressure on LGD, but not necessarily in other areas. I would point out on the profit margin, by the way, it is a 4-month -- a 4-quarter trailing indicator. So as we drop off some of the prior really weak quarters from last Q4, last Q1, we'll see that go up. But in terms of what would happen in a recession, it's really very hard to predict.

Your next question comes from Mario Mendonca with TD Securities.

Manjit, my first question, it's a little bit accounting intensive, but I want to understand how those SLC acquisition liabilities that were booked in the quarter. How do those liabilities eventually come off the balance sheet? Are they -- is there an actual payment that's made? Or is it offset against some other accounting items? Can you help me understand that?

Sure, Mario. You're right. So we're accruing for what we think the liability will be at the maturity in 2025 and 2026 when we have the put option or call option. And so once we exercise that, the liability will come up and the offset will be a cash payment.

Yes. So the liability never flows back into earnings in any way. It's actually a payment.

Correct.

Okay. The other thing I wanted to just quickly touch on then is -- and this is more something that just impresses me with MFS. I appreciate there's a challenge here, but I've been kind of surprised by how quickly the expenses have ratcheted down. What are we seeing there? Is that simply just that commissions have really fallen as gross sales have fallen? Or are there other activities? Is there just a lot more of a variable component here that I may be appreciated?

Hey, Manjit, I'll take that. It's Mike Roberge. If you look at our cost base, 70% of our costs are fairly formulaic and that the compensation pool flexes down with profitability in an environment like this. Asset-based payments we pay to dealers flex down as assets come down and then in a tougher sales environment, sales commissions will come down as well. And so we prefer to pay up sales commissions even in a tougher environment, but that's not the environment that we're in now. And so there's a fairly variable component to our expense base and that obviously helps, although there's clearly some negative operating leverage in the business because we do have some fixed costs even as we make our way through the cycle.

But that's actually the observation I was making that the company is actually generating positive operating leverage despite everything that's going on. So it just seems so odd to see.

But if you look -- you got to look at it year-over-year. So as Manjit mentioned, we do have -- if you look at quarter-over-quarter, you have the seasonality in the first half of the year where we amortize long-term stock compensation. If you look at the last year-over-year third quarter, ANA down 17%, pretax down 18%. So it has flexed downward. There's some -- there are a couple of offsets to that interest income being one of them, which has helped us as interest rates have gone up. But effectively, if you look at it year-on-year, you're going to see profitability tends to follow what ANA is.

Your next question comes from Doug Young with Desjardins.

Just wanted to go to Asia and look at the new business losses. And you pointed out that sales were strong in all of the regions. I think Manjit, you mentioned that in your comments. But we're not -- and obviously, interest rates have been moving higher, but we're seeing a deterioration in new business losses, not an improvement. I'm just wondering what the mechanics are and why that is unfolding. And then in the same vein on Asia, underlying earnings up 23% constant FX. Can you break out how much of that was driven by local markets versus international on an underlying basis?

It's Ingrid Johnson here. So to your question on new business strain, if you look actually previous year on this year, it's actually a small $3 million down and that's really a function of international where the sales are lumpy, and so we wouldn't necessarily have that come through every quarter. And then clearly, we're also investing in the business as we build scale. So you would see strong insurance but also then reinvestments, particularly on the digital side. If I then move just to the local markets versus hubs, I'd rather actually just deal through each of the individual businesses because what you'll see in a hub, which is a Hong Kong, Mainland China as well as high net worth, that is effectively either through selective origination, where you would see some variability in the sales but much more positive on new business gains as we make sure we have positive net VNB. From a China perspective, still constrained in the cross-border MCV fix, but yet within China, we're seeing good momentum, particularly in . Hong Kong was very encouraging with the emergence of sales, but off a very weak prior year quarter. Again, absence of Mainland Chinese visitors, but some good product innovation that we've seen good take-up, albeit slightly less profitable mix. From the local markets, also extremely encouraging. You see very strong momentum on all the sales even in Indonesia, where we've seen strong banker growth. So that is a common theme across all of our markets, in fact, including India, China, Malaysia and Indonesia. And then the other important aspect is the focus on specific client segments where we've enhanced the case size. So again, that's flowing through into our underlying net income. So insurance income is clearly showing the benefits of emergence from the pandemic. However, wealth is similar to, as Mike Roberge described, we're seeing those same effects in Asia where there's a risk of mindset and a flow away from money market funds to more competitive bank products. So we see that flow comes through in underlying net income as an adverse. And clearly, that's the cycle we're in.

And maybe just to simplify it is, are you seeing new business gains in international and new business losses in local markets? Is that -- can I make that inference? Or is that not the case?

I think it's driven by a multiplicity of factors because international will be focused on new business gains. Otherwise, we wouldn't wish to write the business. Whereas you are going to see more of an adverse in some of the other markets where we are investing.

Okay. And then on -- just on the underlying earnings, when we look at international versus local markets, like any sense of drill down on is more of that underlying earnings coming from the international side because of those new business gains?

I mean international is definitely more profitable, which is what we've seen. So those sales would have been down, that would have been more profitable. But again, that's also a function of likewise for Hong Kong and emergence from the pandemic. So you're going to start to see a more positive impact.

Yes. Okay. That's fine. And then just one for Dan on the DentaQuest. I think you show reported earnings, I think, for Dental of $9 million. I'm more curious as to what the underlying earnings contribution from DentaQuest was if you can quantify that? And can you provide a bit of an update on how the integration is going? Because from the outside looking in, it looks like it's going well. Just wanted to get a little more detail.

Sure, Doug. If you look at the integration expense line that we show, the $18 million there is essentially all DentaQuest. So you can make that inference and just add the $18 million and the $9 million back together and you get $27 million. The $24 million of that comes from DentaQuest in the quarter. And of course, this is our first full quarter. And there's a few puts and takes. But basically, that is in line with the accretion target that we set when we announced the transaction. So we're very pleased, obviously, to be on the mark in the first full quarter. Overall, the integration is going very well. We're on target for our expense synergies. The integration itself in terms of putting teams together and making decisions is on schedule and going well. And I'll also add that DentaQuest has a very good pipeline, one of the strongest pipelines they've ever had. Now with government sales, which is a big portion of what they do, they tend to be lumpy. So sometimes you get a quarter where there's a couple of big sales and sometimes you don't. But as I said, the pipeline is very strong.

Your next question comes from Gabriel Dechaine with National Bank Financial.

Yes. I just want to follow up on the earnings on surplus and the makeup of that portfolio. Can you maybe provide some duration characteristics of the portfolio, what percent is in cash and floating rates and how that could change? It hasn't changed already over in the next little while, if you're considering locking in some higher bond yields. I expect you're not going up to the 5-year end of the curve, maybe 2 years, but educate me.

So I'll start that, Gabe. It's Manjit. So I would say, it isn't the sort of floating rate aspect I spoke about earlier in terms of what's driving the investment income related to the interest rate increases. That doesn't move around a lot from quarter-to-quarter. Obviously, we do look at our portfolio on a regular basis. And we would rebalance it as we see fit, but that's not really what's driving the earnings on surplus this quarter.

Yes. This is -- Gabriel, it's Randy Brown. So I would add to that. Surplus money comes in and out of the surpluses, dividends come in and out and needs for various business needs or collateral posting, et cetera. So it does move around a bit, but it's a big portfolio. And what I'd say is we anticipated short rates rising indeed move into floating rate assets purposefully and we did get the benefit of that.

So there is a tactical decision made at some point. It should continue to generate similar levels of income until rates are cut? Or are you making any other decisions there? Trying to get a sense of...

We are seeing the...

Is it sustainable?

Well, we have seen from yesterday's Fed announcement, the market reaction is an expectation of continued short rate rises. So we should be able to benefit from that. And as some of the coupons [Technical Difficulty]. But in longer term, we will get to a point of peak rates and would expect those forward expectations to begin to drop.

Right. Okay. I really just want to know if the mix has changed and if you're making any allocation decisions, or no -- if not...

No. No big allocation decisions or changes, Gabriel.

Your next question comes from Lemar Persaud with Cormark Securities.

I just want to come back to DentaQuest. Now that you're a couple of months into having it under Sun Life. I'm wondering if we could revisit the topic of potential revenue synergies. I seem to recall that at announcement, the synergies estimate was just talking about expenses but not revenue. So is that correct? And I'm wondering if you could size that up for us.

Yes. I can make some qualitative comments on that. So, of course, DentaQuest is primarily focused on the government programs business in Dental, which is an area that we were not in before. So there's not a big overlap there. Where there very possibly can be revenue synergies is as we put the commercial businesses together and really charge up the legacy Sun Life and even Assurant commercial business with the capabilities that come from the much larger at-scale DentaQuest business. So you're right that we didn't put a lot in our projections around that. That would potentially be upside for us. That will emerge over a longer period of time, but we're already seeing some benefits from that. For example, this year, our commercial Dental sales are up significantly and that's great because that's one of our highest margin, highest ROE products. And we also anticipate going forward, a more competitive product and also more opportunities in our partnership business. In fact, during the quarter, we made major progress with a significant new commercial partnership. And it was the first time that DentaQuest and our Fullscope business had collaborated together to offer a broader array of products to a potential partner. So to your point, we definitely see opportunity and upside there. And we'll obviously have more to say about that as those things emerge.

Your next question comes from Paul Holden with CIBC.

I just want to quickly go back to the discussion on SLC Asset Management and that liability associated with the future buyout. I guess what I want to better understand is what exactly is driving the increase in the future liability. And I'm assuming it implies that there are certain components associated with the future buyout that are exceeding your prior expectations and assumptions. So what exactly is it that's exceeding your prior assumptions, if I'm correct?

Paul, it's Manjit. So as we said, the liability is out into the future. So one of the things we have to try to do is to think about what the -- and it's largely driven by EBITDA as well. So we have to try to project what the EBITDA will be doing. And so we have -- we run some scenarios as to what that number would look like in 2025 and 2026. Obviously, as we get closer to that time line, we could narrow those scenarios because we have more line of sight. So that's what you're sort of seeing this quarter is that we were able to narrow those range of outcomes and that resulted in the higher liability.

Okay. And when you say narrowing, I understand narrowing of the range, but is maybe the average of that range also moving higher...

It will be the average of that range? And I guess, if you look at the scenarios that we run, the average would be higher. Yes. But remember, the target that we set at Investor Day was a base number. And so that base number is different than what the average that we're using for the liability.

Paul, it's Kevin Strain. Fundamentally, it's a good thing when we see this liability going up because it means we're generating value in the investments we've made in SLC and that generation of value will be reflected as Mario asked earlier in the purchase price. So it's really a reflection of our estimate of value creation inside of the SLC businesses.

Totally get that. I guess I'm just trying to understand what is it that's transpiring that's exceeding your initial expectations and Manjit gave some details around EBITDA. And maybe to drill down, is it asset growth and flows have exceeded expectations? Is it margins are exceeding expectations? Or are there other factors? I think that's kind of what I'm trying to understand.

It's Kevin. I was CFO at the time. And we were -- when we bought these things, we were looking at a 5-year time period, and there was a fair amount of uncertainty of what equity markets and real estate markets and interest markets and those types of things would look like. So when you set up your initial estimate, you factor in all of those things. And over time, we get more certainty of what that's going to be in '25 and '26.

This is Steve Peacher. Maybe I can just throw in a comment or 2. If you look at the underlying drivers of the business, it's all about are you raising -- is your investment performance strong, do you have the right products and that will manifest itself in higher AUM. So if you look at our 2 AUM measures, AUM and then fee earning AUM, both are growing at pretty good rates. So when we think about that going forward, we continue to feel good about that. That drives the management fee revenue. And as that grows, there should be some positive operating margin in the business. We expected that. And I think the more we get into this, to some extent. We've got ups and downs, but the better we feel all in, and then that reflects kind of the weighting of the various scenarios that we look at when we try to have to project the future as we have to kind of boil that down into a liability every quarter. But the fundamental view is that we feel pretty good about the momentum we have, and then we feel good about that continuing over the next few years, which will drive our ultimate payout in these deals.

Okay. Okay. That's helpful. And then one quick follow-up. And I guess this is for Dan. You mentioned inflation tailwinds behind pricing and I think stop-loss and Group Benefits. Just wondering if you can give any more sort of color or flavor around your view on the upcoming renewal cycle. I imagine based on the commentary you said that it looks strong, but any further thoughts there would be appreciated.

Yes. Sure. We're obviously in the biggest sales and renewal time of the year. So in the stop-loss business, for example, 70% of the business is sold and renews during the fourth quarter for January 1 date. And we're also in the same season for the Group and Dental businesses as well. What I would say is that, as always, the market is quite competitive and we always have some competitors who are perhaps being overly aggressive, we will always tilt towards margins versus sales volumes. So that will play out over the next several weeks. Especially in the stop-loss business, no question, there's a little bit of pressure there right now. At the same time, there are inflationary pressures. And then in the Group business, especially the impact of COVID mortality is causing all participants to need to raise their prices appropriately. So we have a couple of counterbalancing forces there. Definitely some inflationary and experience-related price increases and a significantly competitive environment.

Your next question comes from Darko Mihelic with RBC Capital Markets.

I apologize if this has been asked. I had some difficulties with the phone. So the first question is with respect to Asia. It does look like sales are on fire in Vietnam, which is great. But at the same time, we had some policyholder updates there, some adverse lapse. Can you maybe just talk to the lapse issue and what it was that caused that? And how should I think about the strength of Vietnam going forward?

Thank you very much for your questions. It's Ingrid Johnson. We are very excited about Vietnam and the opportunity, and we're seeing a twofold in both the bank assurance relationships with TP Bank and ACV as well as agency as we attract the very quality agents that we're already seeing uplift on sales. So that is a positive momentum that we should expect, but clearly off a low base, so the percentages would meet over time. On the bancassurance, these are early bancassurance relationships, and we would have observed some initial sales relative to bank products that we needed to change as we experience some less negatives and that's what we've corrected this quarter. So going forward, we should expect a more positive outcome as we've shifted to understand more relevant client segments that are appropriate for the products that we sell and reduce the mix of insurance sales relative to short-term bank loans.

Okay. Great. That's helpful. So the product has been changed. And my next question is for Manjit, maybe Kevin Morrissey. You guys provided a very helpful update in May on IFRS 17. And the one thing that -- I haven't seen anything in it ever work this quarter, so I just wanted to confirm that nothing's really changed since then. You've probably got a better understanding of how things look under IFRS 17. So just wanted to confirm that when we think about forward numbers for 2023 under IFRS 17, we should still expect positive underlying net income growth off of 2022. Is that a good assumption for me to make? And are there any learnings so far that would change any of your thoughts or ideas that you had since May?

So I'll start and then Kevin can chime in as well. So overall, there is no new information that we're providing this quarter, Darko. So the information that we provided at May 31 is still appropriate. As you said, we're still working through all the impacts, and we're continuing to do our dual runs this quarter. The underlying earnings, just like the under IFRS 4, we take into account a number of factors, including the market environment. So that will be also a factor in terms of what the year-over-year underlying growth will be. I don't know, Kevin, if you want to add anything?

Yes. Not a lot to add. Darko. It's Kevin Morrissey here. We have been going through, as you mentioned, our dual reporting. So we've gone through a couple of quarters. We're into our third one now. I'd say it's quite good news in that it's just confirming the information and deepening our understanding of the business. But we aren't seeing any changes. So I think that's the good news is it's not changing any fundamental messages from the update we gave in May.

Okay. Great. Thank you very much for that confirmation.

Your next question comes from Nigel D'Souza with Veritas Investment Research.

I wanted to follow up on the debt side. You had 2 sizable redemptions last quarter and this quarter. And those are of lower coupon yielding debt. So just trying to get a sense of how that impacted in fact the interest on debt component of earnings on surplus going forward. That component is higher quarter-over-quarter, is higher year-over-year. Should we expect that to trend upwards in a higher rate environment, and I guess, place pressure on earnings on surplus going forward?

Nigel, it's Manjit. So the increase in the debt cost was also related to the fact that we closed DentaQuest last quarter. So you had the debt that we issued for DentaQuest. So that's showing up there. And then we also did an early issuance of the sub that is maturing in November. So those were the 2 components that contributed to higher debt costs and earnings on surplus that you're seeing.

Any comments on that component going forward? Should that continue to trend higher? Or has it stabilized at this point?

Well, we're going to see -- we're going to -- as I mentioned in my prepared remarks, we're going to redeem the maturing debt in November, that will be outstanding for some of the period. And some of that debt is floating rates. So as interest rates go up, that you're going to see, obviously, some changes in that number as well.

Okay. Great. And my second and last question was on the ACMA side. I noticed that you had a favorable impact related to mortality, particularly in U.K. and Group Retirement. Just trying to get a sense of is there, down the line, an impact that might be unfavorable to mortality driven by COVID? So far we're seeing a favorable impact drop in experience. Any sense of when that could drop on the actual liability side?

Thanks for the question, Nigel. This is Kevin Morrissey. So you're right, we did see some very favorable impacts from ACMA in mortality, both in Canada and in the U.K. And that was on payout annuity business, but it was not related to COVID. So I do want to emphasize the fact that we did get some favorable experience going through COVID. But the update that we made to the actual assumptions did not include that. There was no significant impact from that. And longer term on other businesses, I'd say we're still observing and we'll see what the future will hold, but we have, say, kind of a neutral expectation as we've seen on the life insurance business. On some of the longer-term business, it's been fairly benign and on some of the businesses where it's been more severe, it's in a shorter pricing valuation cycle like the group business. So...

We have no further questions at this time. And I will turn things to Mr. Bitton for closing remarks.

[Technical Difficulty] today's call. A replay of the call will be available on the Investor Relations section of our website. Thank you, and have a good day.