Murphy USA Inc. (MUSA) Q4 2016 Earnings Report, Transcript and Summary

Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Murphy USA Incorporated Q4 2016 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session and instruction will follow at that time. [Operator Instructions]. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. I would now like to introduce you host for today's conference Mr. Christian Pikul, Director of Investor Relations. Sir, you may begin.

Thank you, Krystal. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for joining us today. With me are Andrew Clyde, President and Chief Executive Officer; Mindy West, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; and Donny Smith, Vice President and Controller. After some opening comments from Andrew, Mindy will provide an overview of the financial results, after which we will discuss our 2017 guidance and then we’ll open up the call to Q&A. Please keep in mind that some of the comments made during this call, including the Q&A portion, will be considered forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. As such, no assurances can be given that these events will occur or that these projections will be attained. A variety of factors exist that may cause actual results to differ. For further discussion of risk factors, please see the latest Murphy USA Forms 10-K, 10-Q, 8-K and other recent SEC filings. Murphy USA takes no duty to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements. During today’s call, we may also provide certain performance measures that do not conform to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or GAAP. We have provided schedules to reconcile these non-GAAP measures with the reported results on a GAAP basis as part of our press release, which can be found on the Investors section of our website. With that, I will turn the call over to Andrew.

Good morning, and welcome to Murphy USA’s fourth quarter 2016 conference call. On today's call, we will discuss our fourth quarter and full-year financial results and provide some details and insight around the assumptions that comprise our guidance for 2017. As reported in our press release yesterday afternoon, we generated income from continuing operations in the fourth quarter of $43.8 million, or $1.14 per diluted share. This compares to $0.69 per diluted share a year ago. For the full-year we generated net income of $221.5 million, and this included $56 million after-tax gain on the sale of the CAM pipeline in the first quarter. When we held this call one year ago, we noted that we would see the impact of several improvement initiatives in 2016 results, and I can proudly say we delivered these benefits for our shareholders and there is more to come in 2017. The two most impactful initiatives were dramatic improvement in merchandise margins due partially to a new supplier contract, and also the rollout of our labor model which dramatically reduced store-level operating expenses, each of which helped to make our business more resilient during times of weakness and more competitive over the long-term. As a result, we were still able to deliver EBITDA within our guided range, albeit at the low end of our $400 million to $400 million forecast. While the fourth quarter had its challenges, I want to highlight some key takeaways from 2016. Last year, we added 67 new stores or roughly 5% unit growth and continued to enhance our network through the raze-and-rebuild program, 120 super cooler installations in over 300 refresh sites. We managed an increase of 120 basis points to our merchandise margins. On $2.3 billion of sales, that equates to approximately $28 million of margin expansion versus 2015. Through store-level efficiencies implemented in our labor model, we drove down operating expense before credit card fees by 4.1% on a per store basis. Notably this reduction in cost comes at a time when the industry is experiencing significant cost pressures. Taken together, these two initiatives provided nearly $40 million of benefits, helping to offset fuel margins, which were more than a penny below the midpoint of our expectations of $0.1275 per gallon. The best measure of these improvements to our business is the almost full penny per gallon reduction in our fuel breakeven margin metric. At $0.016 per gallon for 2016, we have improved our breakeven cost by more than 50% from $0.034 per gallon since the spin-off, which has both strengthened the resiliency of the company and laid a solid foundation for long-term earnings growth. Looking at the fuel business, while retail margins were weak, we note that we were able to provide relatively strong margins of $0.116 per gallon in an environment where gasoline prices rose above $0.80 per gallon from the low in February 2016 to the high at year-end. Someone to mirror image of the price action in Q4 2014 when prices declined $1.10 per gallon, yet produced outsized margins of nearly $0.25 per gallon at that time. This margin resiliency in a down market is attributable to the disciplined and structure around regional pricing and other value-added initiatives around transportation and other costs. Two years ago, on the 2014 fourth quarter call, we said that it was a matter of win not if crude oil and refined product prices would rebound from their sharp decline in the second half of that year. As you know, fuel prices rebounded throughout 2016 creating a challenging environment for the company in the second half of the year. As a result, both our full-year retail volumes and fuel margins were below our guided ranges. However our integrated supply business generated an additional $0.0385 per gallon of margin which complements our retail strategy and serves to reduce the volatility of our results, despite persistently volatile market conditions. To further illustrate this point, I want to provide you with the combined total margins from our fuel business for the last five calendar years. In 2016, all-in margins of $0.1543 per gallon consisted of $0.1158 per gallon retail and $0.0385 per gallon contribution from the PS&W side, which includes RIN sales. 2015 our all-in margins were $0.1494 per gallon, consisting $0.125 retail and $0.024 contribution from P S&W. 2014 all-in margins were $0.1848 per gallon, consisting of $0.158 retail and $0.0268 contribution from PS&W. 2013 all-in margins of $0.1634 consisting of $0.13 retail and $0.0337 from PS&W. And in 2012, our all-in margins were $0.1445 per gallon consisting of $0.129 per gallon retail and $0.0155 contribution from PS&W. So over these five calendar years, all-in margins have only moved plus or minus $0.02 per gallon. And if you exclude 2014 when oil prices fell off a cliff, which is what I would characterize as a positive outlier for us, the variance over these other years is only plus or minus $0.01 per gallon. I would also add it's important to remember the PS&W business encompasses a lot of moving parts. Our reported results include our wholesale and terminal business; inventory timing adjustments reflecting the direction in overall level of gasoline prices; the internal transfer gain and loss, which reflects the underlying spot-to-rack differential and it also includes RIN sales. So you can't go back and look at a single year with or without RINs and say this is a one penny, two penny or three penny business. On a combined basis over time, we believe our integrated model can provide approximately $0.02 to $0.03 per gallon uplift to our total fuel margins. And while I haven't gotten to the guidance section yet, you will see that it’s how we are guiding investor to think about margin going forward. As further evidence that spot-to-rack differentials and RIN prices are indeed negatively correlated, I can share with you that when compared to 2014, we have recognized roughly $88 million in additional RIN sales, which you can see in our press release. What you can't see is that over that same period, our internal transfer gain and losses declined by $100 million. The same relationship holds true versus 2015. We are showing $64 million higher RIN sales in 2016 and internally we show $46 million lower transfer to retail gain or loss. So the relationship certainly isn't 100% negatively correlated, but as we have explained repeatedly in the past, the two components have a clearly established relationship in an environment with lower RIN prices, we would expect an offset in the transfer to retail spot-to-rack differential that is currently a large loss buried in our fuel results business. If you read the reports of the refineries in the EPA discussion around the point of obligation, they all acknowledge the cost of the RIN is embedded in the spot price of gasoline and is in the refining margin. This is neither a headwind for them nor a windfall for us. The loss of economic simply don't work that way. Now let's turn to the fourth quarter results. We've gone into a lot of detail about the fuel margin environment, which has an ancillary impact on fuel volumes as we have stated in the past, so let's look at merchandise sales and margins. On an average per store month basis, merchandise sales were down 4.8% in the quarter and 2.2% for the year. In contrast, margins were up 1.5% in the quarter, and up 5.7% for the year, as shown in the earnings release table. Also of note, non-tobacco margins were down slightly in the fourth quarter on a per store basis. Beyond the tobacco category, we had suggested on our last call that we expected all-in margins to decline sequentially in the fourth quarter, but reported results were a bit below our forecast due to a variety of one-time factors. These include rebate timing, softer beverage sales and write-off of old e-cigarette inventories. We also comped a strong year in Q4 2015 with a strong introduction of iPhone accessories resulting in sharply higher sales and margins in general merchandise. Despite a challenging fourth quarter, we are entering 2017 with a great deal of momentum and commitment to continue sales and margin expansion by adding more 1,200 square-foot stores to our network with a higher margin assortment of non-tobacco products; a restructured promotional program that will drive higher activations; accelerated super cooler installations which will optimize our facing for higher margin beverages and increase our shelf rebates; segmenting our product offer on a regional basis and piloting a loyalty program later this year. Together this approach will drive higher conversion from the fuel pump to the store, improved basket size and optimize price and margin with more tailored offers and assortment. Given the strong performance of our underlying business, we continued with our share repurchase program in Q4, taking advantage of market weakness, buying back an additional 1.7 million shares. For the full-year, we repurchased $323 million worth of stock and reduced our outstanding share count by nearly 14%. We remain committed to this balanced approach to growth and shareholder returns, as we fully transition to the independent growth plan in 2017. Thanks to the improvements we have made in the underlying business and will continue to be made, we are positioning shareholders for outsized returns in a more favorable fuel environment. Our commitment to share repurchases demonstrates our confidence around the following four points, even in the phase of what continues to be a challenging operating and unclear regulatory environment. This is distinctive strategy and the resilience of our business model, our relating efforts to improve this business through cost efficiencies and margin expansion and the outlook of our independent growth plan which provides a multiyear inventory of higher return new build opportunities. And last, our ability to add leverage in tandem with our earnings growth to optimize our capital structure and shareholder returns. So with that, I will turn things over to Mindy.

Thank you, Andrew, and hi, everyone. Revenue for the fourth quarter totaled $3.06 billion, a slight increase from the $2.93 billion in the fourth quarter of 2015, and that was attributable to higher average retail prices for gasoline at $2.03 a gallon this year versus $1.92 last year. Full-year 2016 revenues totaled $11.6 billion. That was down from $12.7 billion in 2015, due to lower average retail prices for gasoline of $1.93 versus $2.17. Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, was $103.2 million in the fourth quarter and $400.1 million for the full-year versus $77.3 million and $342.9 million respectively in 2015. This improvement in EBITDA in both periods was due to lower operating and SG&A expense, higher merchandise contribution and higher products planned wholesale contribution which more than offset weakness in fuel margins in both the fourth quarter and the full-year. The effective tax rate for the quarter was 34.4% and 37.1% for the full-year. Total debt on the balance sheet at year-end was $670 million broken out as follows. Long-term debt of $630 million consisting of $490 million of our 6% notes, and $140 million remaining on our $200 million term loan. We are also carrying $40 million of current liabilities under the term loan and current liabilities on the balance sheet. Our ABL facility is capped at $450 million and is subject to periodic borrowing base redetermination, currently limiting us to approximately $216 million, and at the present time that facility continues to remain undrawn. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $154 million at year-end, resulting in net debt of approximately $515 million. During the quarter, as Andrew mentioned, we repurchased 1.7 million common shares for approximately $111 million at an average price of about $66.50 per share under the previously announced program of up to $500 million to be completed by the end of 2017. $177 million remains under this authorization. And common shares outstanding at the end of the period were approximately 36.9 million. So let's talk about CapEx. Capital expenditures for the quarter were $70 million, which included approximately $50 million for retail growth; $10 million for maintenance capital and the remainder for other corporate expenditures. For the full-year, capital expenditures totaled $264 million, $200 million of which was for retail growth, $38 million for maintenance and the remainder for other corporate. As we move into 2017, let me lay out our CapEx plans for 2017 as I probably alluded to our discussion around guidance. For the full-year, we are expecting between $250 million and $300 million to be spent and broken out as follows. $180 million to $200 million for retail growth; $60 million to $70 million for maintenance capital, which includes the large increase for an as-yet undetermined amount attributable to EMV compliance; also reflects a new super cooler initiative to accelerate the rollout on qualifying locations across our network. The remaining funds are earmarked for other corporate investments, including various IT initiatives and upgrades, terminal improvements and completion of our home office building remodel. That concludes the financial update. And now I will turn it back over to Andrew.

Thanks Mindy. That's a great way to start the conversation for us to discuss the 2017 guidance. We'll start with fuel. Our annual fuel volumes are projected to grow between 3.5% and 7% depending on the kind of market environment we encounter this year. These ranges are a function of our forecast for new stores and average per store month volumes, which we project to fall in a range of 255,000 to 265,000 gallons per store month. This is a wider range than the prior year due to the continued uncertainty in oil markets and the potential that another year of rising prices could have a detrimental impact on a per store volumes. As previously mentioned, we are changing the way we are going to guide investors and the analysts with respect to our fuel business. Given all the moving parts and the inherent relationships between the product, supply and retail business, as well as the interplay between RINs and the spot-to-rack differential within our product supply results, we think it is much simpler and easier for investors to think about the business the way we do internally using an all-in margin. I want to stress, this measure in no way intends to provide investors less visibility as our financial statements and operational tables in the press release will remain largely unchanged. The provided range of $0.14 to $0.16 per gallon aligns with historical results and the low end reflects the potential for another year of rising oil prices in the continued lower margin environment that creates while the upper range reflects our continued improvements to the business and the potential for a more normalized margin environment. We acknowledge that the RIN market will remain volatile but also reiterate our fundamental belief that the economic principles and internal mechanics of the product supply business will result in anywhere from $0.02 to $0.03 per gallon over the long-term. Turning to merchandising, we expect to see sales between 2.5% and 4.8% to between $2.4 billion and $2.45 billion. With continued improvements we expect to deliver on the margin front, we expect merchandise contribution to fall in a range of 15.5% and 16.3% or between $380 million and $390 million. On operating expense, once again we are making strong improvements on the operating front with an outlook for flat to a 2% decline in station operating expenses excluding credit card fees. This is on top of already strong performance in 2016 where we were able to reduce expenses by 4.1% and is in sharp contrast to the rest of the industry that is facing material cost pressures. In this category, investors will see the benefit of the full-year of a new labor market as well as other store level improvements. Our guidance for selling, general and administrative expense, SG&A, is $135 million to $140 million. While this is up versus our 2016 guidance of $130 million to $135 million, we note that actual SG&A expense came in at $123 million for the year. We hired a new CIO in mid-2016 and we subsequently conducted an organization-wide review of our corporate infrastructure needs and reprioritized key projects. As a result, we effectively deferred our anticipated IT spending into 2017. With additional senior hires in marketing and merchandising, operations and strategy and development, we are realigning the organization, investing in the right people to do the right jobs and better position the company to be competitive over the long-term. New store growth. We have line of sight between 45 and 50 new stores in 2017, along with 15 to 20 raze and rebuild projects, many of which are already underway. Mindy has already addressed the capital plan that will support the growth we will see this year. Understanding that there will be some interplay between the elements of our guidance, when we run the above variables to our model, we project net income from continuing operations of $140 million to $190 million, which translates to an EBITDA range of $400 million to $450 million. Astute investors may notice that the midpoint of our guided interest expense strongly implies the potential for additional debt financing to appropriately and opportunistically utilize our balance sheet in a shareholder friendly manner. I'm so proud of the accomplishments the team has made in 2016 and we remain continually dedicated to improving every aspect of our business to compete to win over the long-term. While the fourth quarter of 2016 was challenging from a marketing environment perspective, we entered 2017 with a clear commitment to maximize efficiencies within our unique business model and create value at every opportunity for our shareholders. Thank you and we’ll now open up the call to your questions.

[Operator Instructions]. And our first question comes from Ben Bienvenu from Stephens Incorporated. Your line is open.

Yes, thanks. Good morning.

Good morning, Ben.

So I wanted to first touch on some of the trends that you alluded to in the merchandise and gallon sales of the business in 4Q. Clearly a challenging operating environment, but you guys also I think endured some, what I would characterize sort of little probability one-time events most notably Hurricane Matthew and to a lesser extent the Colonial Pipeline explosion. I'm curious, is it possible to disaggregate the impact that that might have had on your business, and even if you can have hazard I guess, I'd be curious to know?

Yes, Ben, I think what you got to do especially if you get into the merch area is break it down first between traffics, overall industry headwinds whether it’s tobacco or softer beverage sales, then our promotions et cetera. And so the things you mentioned all really have an impact on traffic, and so you're slicing it up quite a bit. So certainly with the fuel volume declines, I’d say that reflects the traffic portion of that. I would say from a promotion standpoint where we saw some softer beverage sales, some of the promotions it probably lost from fizz, if you will, and the promotions that we are seeing in already in 2017 where we've got some $0.15 off per gallon promotions, we are seeing a much higher activation rates. So can't break it down between all the factors that drive traffic, the things that impact promotion sort of softer declines around some categories in decline like tobacco. But we feel good about being able to drive traffic in a normalized environment and have better promotions and executions. The other thing I'll say is by accelerating the super cooler installations. We originally planned 120 last year. We ended up doing 180. We are looking to do a much bigger number this year as well. Those will have a positive impact and will take full advantage of those promotions.

Okay, great. Thanks. And then you also commented on the interplay between the wholesale and the RINs. Whether or not it's a logical remediation to RFS? As it stands today, there has been a lot of discussion around the change in point of obligation. I'm curious, A, do you think that interplay still exists if there is a change in the point of obligation, and two, how do you think about positioning your assets or even participating in certain lines of business based on what the outcome could be around that front?

So every party virtually out there who submitted information to the EPA has clearly noted that the RIN price is embedded in the spot price of gasoline, and therefore it is in the refining margin. And the EPA acknowledges that, their economists, the refiners do as well. And so if RINs went to zero, the spot price of gasoline would fall commensurately. If a point of obligation shifted, the spot price of gasoline would go down commensurately because that cost that's embedded in the spot price today would go down. That's reality Ben. And even the refiners testified to that effect. The EPA is charged with running an effective program, so the real issues they look at are, are the - is the compliance mechanisms going to be more difficult when you now have hundreds of additional parties responsible for compliance. Is the RIN market going to be liquid like it is today? All the discussions and hype about rig markets and various things do not exist. There was some noise back in 2011 or ‘12 around some bio-diesel RINs but the EPA has very effective controls in place today. Their concern would be, do we go from a highly liquid market where you’ve got motivated buyers and sellers? And as you know, we sell our RINs on a very ratable basis to an environment that has a lot less liquidity because you have a lot of - lot more parties that have very small imbalances. That’s a very serious concern for them. They also see how the RFS program has implemented, has encouraged investments in renewable fuels and you’ve seen the growth in renewable fuels. And so I think the case we made before the EPA which is in the public record and many others was pretty well received and led to the decision to not change the point of obligation. Clearly they are going through a comment period. There is going to be some new people involved at the top and we'll see how it plays out. In theory in economic terms, it should not change our economics in anyway. If it were to change, there would be some period of volatility and disruption as the spot price moves down to a new level and the new price clearing mechanisms adjusts. But Ben, there is no windfalls or headwinds on this. If we were creating a massive windfall, the assets that we have like the line space and other positions would be valued at very high rates so people could offset that. So our view is that the EPA has a very solid program. There has been very good evidence put forward to show why it's working effectively. The refiners are not being harmed because it's built into the spot price at gasoline and therefore their refining margins. If it shifted, the refining margin would go down by that amount. They wouldn't be reporting the RINs and they would be complaining that the refinery margins are 50% of what they were a year and a half ago when they were at peak levels, and I think that's really the fundamental issue facing the sector.

Okay. Thanks for that explanation. Just last one for me quickly. The buybacks, you bought back quite a bit of stock in the quarter. You’re ahead of pace for the existing program in place. Just curious, your comments suggest that you have a continued commitment to buy back as the range you provided on implied leverage as a result to the interest expense. Just curious how you're thinking about buyback? Is it consistent with what you said historically?

It is, and I think given the last discussion how the market wrongly applies a valuation to a part of our business that is actually less volatile than our industry competitors, which reflects in a lower data and a lower weighted average cost to capital, we think to take advantage of lower valuation as a result of that. We actually have a less volatile business than peers in this segment based on the numbers that we've shared. So as long as there is mis-priced valuations, we can take advantage of that, and with a lower weighted average cost to capital, generate even more exceptional returns on equity for our shareholders.

Great. Thanks. Best of luck.

Thanks Ben.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Chris Mandeville from Jefferies. Your line is open.

Good morning. So, Andrew, just kind of piggybacking on Ben’s question regarding potential change in the point of obligation. I think it's fair to say that there has certainly been an overhang on the stock for quite some time now. But can you just take a step further and help us understand if the change were to take place presumably or at least the EPA were to consider changing it at the end of this month, the timeline to which implementation would actually take place, I guess particularly given the fact that you obviously have some complexities on a compliance standpoint?

Yes, I would have no idea what their timeline would be for implementing it. It would involve multiple parties, multiple changes in the rules and it has to go through an entire process. I would expect it to take many, many months before that would go into effect.

Okay, and then…

I would think there would be a low probability based on the merits of the case.

Got you. And then there is obviously been some concerns surrounding 2017 getting off on the wrong foot as it relates to fuel demand. We saw Q4 having a little bit of a sequential decline there from the gallon growth perspective. Any ability to help us understand what you're seeing quarter to-date, and if possible, can you help us understand the expected volume impact from those 15 to 20 raze-and-rebuild for the first half of the year or at least maybe just remind us, or update us for that matter on what type of uplift you've been seeing from the dozen or so that have been performed over the last two years?

Yes. So in terms of the year starting slower from an EIA demand or weather factors et cetera, you’re always comping one set of things are weather-related in one year versus another. And so it's hard to say you have bluebird days that offset bad weather in a prior year. So we typically don't like to project based on that. You could see some scenarios where we’ll strengthen the economy infrastructure spending, some of those positive changes to actually see some improvements in demand over time. So I think it's way too early to tell sitting here one month in how that might play out. The things we can't control, like the raze and rebuild, those are higher volume stores that have the best economics, that have the best potential for improved uplift because of the larger format store and the more comps. Those will impact numbers in Q1 and Q2. We haven't broken that down in guidance because we don't provide the quarterly guidance but it is baked into our annual numbers, but you also certainly anticipate with 20 stores out earlier in the year to see that impact on the average per store month basis affecting Q1 more than it did, say, Q2 and beginning of Q3 last year.

Okay, that's good to know. And then just looking at the competitive landscape, can you provide any update on what Walmart has been doing from a fuel retail perspective? We saw that they've apparently introduced the new 2,500 square-foot comp back to foot [ph]. Putting that aside, how would you characterize their interest in actual engagement in fuel operations?

Yes, it doesn't get a lot of mentioned publicly. I think we looked at the annual report over the last three years, their - I think fuel got used once one year, gas got used once one year and there was no mention in the last analyst day report. We've seen 60 stores I think in the first pilot year followed by somewhere around 20 stores the next year. So they pop-up. They popped up in places like West Virginia and Washington State and places that we are not in and not planning to go into. Certainly the new store you referenced in Crowley, Texas, is right next to one of our stores like the ones we mentioned in Nacogdoches a year ago and that was a high performing store. It’s still a high performing store, but it's just like any other competitor that moves in next door. You lose some volume from that, just like we gain some volume from competitors when we move in. I think fundamental differences if that's a stick build store versus our highly capital efficient modular store, you look at the number of employees, the throughputs, the offers et cetera. At the end of the day, they are going to have to make their decisions based on the economics of fuel and the uplift they get to the store. We know what our economics are and feel comfortable that we can continue to build those in the proximity of high traffic super centers.

And just the last one from me, thinking about unit growth and timing for 2017. Any ability to help us out on the cadence throughout the year?

Yes, so we've accelerated the cadence versus last year. One of the benefits of our independent growth plan is we are not subject to the blackout schedule, which impacts when you must complete a store, nor are we subject to additional process steps to get permitting thing and approval done. So we are going to effectively load level these up to 70 stores including the raze-and-rebuild with a much higher number of stores in the first part of the year. I think we start nine stores last year that will be opened this year, and I think year-to-date we've opened over 27 stores - or sorry, we started construction over 27 stores, so that’s the highest number we've ever done. That's also going to eventually lead to capital efficiencies for us and reduce our total cost to build a store, because we’ve now load leveled the work for our partners that help us build these stores, so now they have a more available workflow and will be able to pass those efficiencies through in terms of higher returns on invested capital.

Very helpful. Thanks again.

Yes.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Bonnie Herzog from Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Hi Andrew.

Hi.

Hi. I guess, I was hoping you could talk about what I think seems like the broad slowdown in C-store traffic which is obviously driven by a number of factors. But I wanted to zero in specifically on what role channel shifting is playing on the store traffics? For instance, do you think online sales are in anyway affecting C-stores the way that other retailers are being affected, maybe directly or even indirectly?

Yes, Bonnie, I think this is where you really got to get into the customer segmentation. I know a lot of people who would just love to have a single Mountain Dew and packaged chips go drone to their house and drop it into their backyard, and I know some people would be happy to pay $10 for that. I don't know many of our price-sensitive value-sensitive customers are going to be paying a premium for shipping a few convenience items to their homes, right. And these are customers that think about how many miles can I go on a $20 bill? They are going to or from a major shopping purchase or a top of shopping purchase either a Walmart or in the constellation of stores that have built up around that. We are a destination for low price fuel, low price tobacco, destination for lottery and a number of other convenience items. And so while I think you will see that play out over time, I don't think we are going to be disproportionately impacted by that based on who our customers are, what are their primary motivations for where and when, and they go to buy and the why.

That makes sense, and I obviously agree with that. But I guess I've been thinking a little bit about the - maybe even indirectly, Andrew, as maybe consumers more broadly are getting items online, maybe not driving whether it’s to department stores or whatever it maybe, which could be negatively impacting traffic. May be there is that component as well as the brick and mortar channels shifting possibly. Maybe there is more pressure on C-stores as there is a blurring of the lines. Are you seeing any of that? I'm just trying to understand what…

It's going to be difficult for us to see that and attributed to that on a store by store basis. I think the question you’ve got to ultimately look at is the foot traffic of the mass discounters and grocers [ph] to actually say, okay, sales maybe down because there was an online purchase that took something out of the basket. But do the actual trips go down. So I could see consumers going to a Walmart and buying their groceries and other various items, but they’d love to have their dog food shipped directly to their house or a case of bottled water shipped directly to their house because it's heavy and maybe that shopper struggles with that. But do their trip go down and their tripHito one from that to and from that store also then ship their mileage in their gasoline purchase behaviors. We think about those things. We are doing some consumer research on those things. But for those things actually play out, you're going to have to look at traffic of the mass merchants and then we can monitor the trips to and from our stores.

Okay. And then maybe a follow-up question on the consumer, taking this a step further thinking about the Murphy consumer versus the broader C-store consumer in general so that the health of your consumer, I guess, I'm also thinking about if there is a greater pressures on the Murphy consumer, is that possibly impacting traffic into your stores?

So I would say is over the last several years, we've been stuck in this anemic 1.5% to 2% GDP growth mindset. If we break out of that and with some of the new infrastructure discussions, corporate tax rates and the like, and we actually start growing the economy, that's ultimately what’s going to lift up this lower to middle class consumer that we disproportionately have. So again, it's too early to tell on that front. It's hard to see them being impacted worse than they've been hit over the last several years since the 2008/2009 recession.

Okay. And then just maybe one final question, if I may, on tobacco that you mentioned, the soft tobacco sales but solid margins. Just trying to understand is that possibly driven by the shift from cartons maybe back to packs. Just hoping you could drill down a little bit more in some of the underlying trends that you're seeing there in consumer behavior, and also if you could comment on the premiumisation trend or if that’s softening in anyway?

Yes, I think on the last call we talked about premiumisation. It's less sort of buying that premium item or it's the manufacturers discounting the premium item, so it shows up as a higher mix of premium sales. Certainly our margins have been significantly enhanced by the major shift in our supply chain partner last year. We’ll be getting that benefit in January this year. We had a little overlap in February last year, but net-net it should still be positively on that front. We continued to be an important player in the cigarette and tobacco area and we are - to leverage digital and other assets that the manufacturers have, and so as we think about our loyalty programs and the way we want to interact from a digital marketing standpoint differently with our consumers, we are going to be pushing a lot on that front as well. I think the other thing just from a capability standpoint, we've added resources within the category to get sharper around our pricing and making sure that we’ve got the most competitive prices out there while recognizing there is more retailers in the space like the Dollar Stores that are selling at low prices, so it remains a competitive and dynamic segment but we still feel very good about the segment and its potential for margin growth over time despite the systemic unit decline that we expect to continue.

All right, thank you.

Thanks.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Bob Summers from Macquarie Group. Your line is open.

Good morning, everyone. I just wanted to dig a little more into where you think volumes bottom out and gallons. And I guess part of what I'm asking is that clearly sustained increases in wholesale prices has created certain constraints for you. Maybe there is a piece that's also driven by just the overall pricing strategy change now that you're not part of a larger entity that has - does certain things at times in terms of moving gas and then competitive component. Just trying to, again, think how and why things end up bottoming out and then getting better from there?

Got it. Great question, Bob. Certainly not pleased with the 259.1000 gallon number. I would say in the price environment we experienced, if you compare that to Q4, 2014, I think our volumes were up somewhere in that 5%-plus range, so there is this nearly equal and opposite effect of gaining volume when you put more margin on the street in $0.25 to $0.30 margin environment where prices are falling versus the effect you have in a rising price environment. So you certainly got the price environment there. If we have a continued increase in crude oil prices, which lot of the oil price forecasters suggest could be the case, that's the scenario where you see that bottom out at 255 because you would have another year of rising prices and you just got to remember this rising price environment. We are staying competitive with the low price player in the market. We are not becoming uncompetitive. It's just that differential between the top of the market and the bottom of the market compresses, and the bottom of the market as a whole sheds some volume. We've seen periods before, especially before we went public where in attempt to gain volume in those environments, a lot of margin was sacrificed, a lot of margin. And if you look at the returns on this business before the spin-off, it was reflective of that type of volume first mindset. So I think we’re doing it more smartly, more strategically with a better appreciation of what markets are elastic and can provide that upside versus which ones. It makes no sense to get overly aggressive because it's going to be matched immediately. So I think those are two factors, one of which is the environment we can't control. One is how do we respond to an environment which I think we do differently than when we - when before we were public company. I think some of the other factors we talked about the new builds from the USA portfolio in the Midwest that had lower average volumes to start with because they were in the Midwest and these stores underperformed the Midwest average. Those brought down the numbers in the 2016/2017 build classes stronger than that, and then 2015 built class continues to improve although not quite up to original expectations. We are doing more raze and rebuilds. We are doing 20 this year versus 10 last year. We are starting them sooner. The good news is we are starting them in a softer quarter so that they are up and running fully by the spring and summer driving season, and then there is externalities like colonial, right. We had two major disruptions, state of emergencies were enacted. That impacts how you can change your prices. We had to run-outs although fewer than many in the industry because of our proprietary supply chain. And last but certainly not least is competitors, right. You see competitive entry continue. We recognized that we lagged from a loyalty program standpoint which is why one of our objectives this year is to be piloting that later in the year. So I think all of those things combined give us some confidence around that range that we provided. I'd certainly be disappointed if we ended the year below the 259 certainly if there was a normal margin environment, price environment.

Okay. And then on the merchandise contribution margin rate, and I think that you’ve had in your answer if there is bits and pieces of this, but just to be more specific, what are the two or three things that take us from a flat year-over-year 15.5% to the 16.3%. What gets us to that 80 basis points?

So we will have the full year of the Core-Mark relationship versus 10.5% not so bad. We said in February there was some overlap on that front, better promotions, better pricing. If you think about the new stores, we continue to have a better mix of 1,200 square-foot stores. And so if you add 70 new stores and they are all 1,200 square-foot stores with higher sales, higher margins because of better mix, you’re going to continue to grow that. Increasing the super cooler expansion program does the same. And the key thing there is you don't have fewer stockouts when you're doing promotions, especially if you're doing better promotions and you're going to have better facings of new items that you just didn't have room for in the old coolers. You've also got innovation from Coke, Pepsi, Dr. Pepper Snapple Group et cetera, as well as a number of other great suppliers out there. So they are helping us stay on top of the trends introducing new products that we’re going to get into the stores. Most of those products are of a higher margin as well, so a lot of things. I guess the way I would characterize it is where 2016 was a year of some real, real heavy lifting, core-Mark, store labor. 2017 is going to be a lot of small muscle groups being worked down at the same time across operating expenses and a variety of categories. So no one single silver bullet like we had in 2016. That is also why we've got some new leadership that's joined us and is excited about taking us to that next level, and our teams are really excited about the visions within the categories and the operations and the technology to get us there.

Okay. And then last question, just want to dig a little into the capital structure leverage comment. And I guess to me on perspective EBITDA you're sitting at about 1.5x leverage, which is to your point probably underutilized. Are there any constraints, what makes you pull the trigger and where do you think is a good point to take debt to EBITDA?

So I’ll let Mindy talk about covenants and targets in terms of timing around pulling the trigger amongst [ph], we won't be able to get into that on this call. But Mindy can discuss some of the covenants and constraints that we have that impact the size and tenor of what we do.

Sure, Bob. It's a great question. And we do have one constraint that we pay a particular focus to and that's our debt to EBITDA ratio because we want to take a balanced approach to those CapEx and share repurchases. It's important that we stay beneath the 2.5x leverage ratio because when we get above it, we start facing some pretty strict limitations as to how much that we could do with regard to a share repurchase. So you're right, year-end we are sitting right in the 1.6 turns range. And so if you took consolidated EBITDA, that would mean that we could add an additional almost $315 million worth of debt before we start reaching that 2.5x cap.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Ben Brownlow from Raymond James. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning. Andrew, you commented around same-store sales. Can you specifically talk about some of the merchandise and fuel trends you saw through the quarter? And you touched on the Midwest, are you seeing improvement in there and can you touch on Texas as well, please?

Sure. I think the categories that were impacted in the quarter were beverage. It was softer sales for us. Part of it was traffic. There were softer sales for the industry. One thing to note, you didn't see a price increase, major price increase from the manufacturers but usually suggest they want to make sure they are keeping their volumes up. As I’ve said some of our promotions both the nature of them and then how they’ve comped just hasn't been optimized and Rob and his team are doing a better job in terms of how we are going to optimize those and working with the manufacturers to have more impactful promotions that they are helping fund. So I think on the beverage size, it’s a variety of factors. Candy was weak again largely due to promotion design and flatness on that front. General merchandise was as much about comping against a really impact iPhone and phone accessories program that we've launched the year before. But the team has additional ideas and products to rollout this year as well. So I think those are the three biggest categories that showed some impact in the quarter.

And did you see sort of a demand trend improvement as you work towards the year-end?

Yes, we saw those throughout the year-end. So some of the weaker promotions were in December, so in that case, no. Geographically if you start seeing oil price rebound, you're seeing drilling activities already picking up in Texas. It's one of the nice things about having a more distributed portfolio versus a highly concentrated one in, say, South Texas. We’re not as adversely impacted by any demographic or employment or weather shifts that might happen from that standpoint.

Are you seeing any improvement on the Midwest as well?

We are seeing improvement in the Midwest stores that had opened up that had softer openings. Generally in the Midwest, we continue to see competition there both in the form of Kroger adding stores, Casey’s and other adding stores in the real markets and certainly we're not adding a lot of new stores in the Midwest. So relative to the regions where we are adding new stores are going to be higher volumes if you looked at that region on an average per store month basis. It's going to probably face more headwinds without an associated program of new builds to offset that on an overall average basis.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Andrew Burd from JP Morgan. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking the questions. First questions fall for Mindy thinking about sources of cash in 2017. Are you expecting any positive benefits from working capital? And then also what level of minimum liquidity is necessary for running the business?

Great question, Andrew. We are expecting to be more CapEx cash flow parity as we entered the year this year and looking the full-year our expectation. As for working capital, probably not a whole lot of freeing up of working capital, lot of that's all obviously going to depend on what prices do. And so at these lower price levels, we would not expect to be freeing up a material amount of working capital.

Great, thanks. And then looking at the 20 store raze and rebuild program looks like obviously start targeted mostly for the first half. Have you given thought into upsizing that program throughout the year, or maybe in the second half, or what's the puts and takes on that as opposed to just waiting and doing another 20 store program next year?

Part of its just load-leveling the work. The real synergies from load leveling the work with your partners and we'll get into those more at our Analyst Day when we go out we've got all the 2016 wrapped up. But having a balanced program like that, continuing that steady growth program allows us to also maintain this nice balance between growth capital and share repurchases. I'll have exact numbers but somewhere since the spin we've spend about $625 million on capital and we've bought back about $625 million worth of shares, right, and that balanced approach we think has served us well and will continue to serve us well.

Great. Thanks very much.

Thank you. And this does conclude our question-and-answer session for today's conference. I would now like to turn the conference back over to Christian Pikul for any closing remarks.

Yes, thanks guys. I know there is still some of you in the queue. I'm free to follow-up later. I did want to remind everybody that we are hosting an Investor Day in New York City at the New York Stock Exchange on May 16, so you’ll hear a bit more about that from us in the coming weeks. Thanks for your time today and I'm available to follow-up this afternoon. Thanks. Andrew, do you have any closing comments?

No. Thank you to all and look forward to following up.

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for participating in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect. Everyone have a wonderful day.