Sacha Poignonnec
Management
Thanks, Aaron, very good questions. On the consumer incentives, consumer incentive is for us completely integrated into our marketing strategy, which is to drive the customer lifetime value for the long term, right? So, here, we have different stages of the funnel for the consumers, from driving the awareness of the existence of Jumia to driving the adoption. And then, as we drive the adoption, to drive the loyalty and repeat purchase, which ultimately form the customer lifetime value. And in terms of consumer incentives, we have different types, of course, right? So, there are certain consumer incentives which are price reductions of certain products, where we tend to lower products, for example, the lower the price of the product to drive adoption, to drive repeat. There are certain coupons and vouchers, which can be distributed to various segments of consumers, based on the objective that we have, for those, for example, to make them discover a new category or to make them discover Jumia Express or to make them buy for the first time -- different types of strategies to engage the various segments, which are there. And then, of course, there is the shipping fee reduction that we are trying through free shipping program. So, here, we have, I would say, wide range of strategies, which are at play, when it comes to consumer incentive. And they’re, as I said, an integral part of our strategy to drive the long-term CLV. And as you pointed out, we started to ramp up the investments in consumer incentives together with the ramp-up and in sell advertising. I think it was more or less during the Q2 of last year, right? So, I think here, we have a lot of learnings and we will optimize and we continue to optimize, we see strong efficiency. And we’re quite happy with what we’re seeing. And I think it’s driving a lot of CLV overall. In terms of sales and advertising. It’s here, I think we are making -- we’re standardizing the investments from H2. And there’s certainly a little bit of seasonality, which is always happening in Q1, because it’s the New Year, it’s post Christmas, it’s post the year-end spend, and so on and so forth. But I think here, we’re seeing some pretty good improvement of efficiency. And certainly, there is going to be always some inflect -- or some variation in the amount of sales and advertising that we spend, I think we will always actually expect to spend a little bit more in Q4 than in Q1, but I think the efficiency level that we’re seeing are confident that we can continue to gradually sustain them and gradually improve them over time. So, they are not -- the increased efficiency is not particularly related to spending less and we think that we will in the long-term continue to drive efficiency.