Greetings and welcome to the INmune Bio Second Quarter 2020 Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. A transcript will follow within 24 hours of this conference call. At this time, it is my pleasure to introduce Mr. David Moss, Co-Founder and CFO of INmune Bio. David. The floor is yours.

Thank you, Mallika. And good afternoon, everybody. We thank you for joining us for the call for INmune Bio's second quarter 2020 financial results. With me on the call is RJ Tesi, CEO and Co-Founder of INmune Bio, who will provide a business update. Before we begin, I remind everyone that except for statements of historical facts, the statements made by management and responses to questions on this conference call are forward-looking statements under the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that can cause actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking statements. Please see the forward-looking statements disclaimer on the company's earnings press release as well as risk factors in the company's SEC filings, including our most recent quarterly filing with the SEC. There's no assurance of any specific outcome. Undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made as of the facts and circumstances underlying these forward-looking statements may change. Except as required by law, INmune Bio disclaims any obligations to update these forward-looking statements to reflect future information events or circumstances. With the forward-looking statements behind us, now I'd like to turn the call over to RJ Tesi, Co-Founder, CEO of INmune Bio. RJ?

Thank you, David, and thank you, everyone, for joining the call. I will arrange my marks to highlight key takeaways for the second quarter, year-to-date and provide updates on our -- for the programs using our 2 platforms before I pass it back to David to discuss our financial results and upcoming milestones, then we will move to the Q&A. We'll start with the DN-TNF platform that targets soluble TNF without affecting transmembrane TNF. This unique biology opens vast therapeutic areas that are not accessed by the currently approved TNF inhibitors due to safety concerns. INmune Bio has 4 therapeutic programs in development using the DN-TNF platform. These include INB03 for cancer, LIVNate for NASH, Quellor, a new program to treat the complications of cytokine storm-related to C-19 and XPro1595 for Alzheimer's disease. I'll remind you that these are all the same drug repurposed for each indication. XPro1595 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is the obvious place to start. Although not a second quarter event, on July 13, we reported interim results from our Phase Ib clinical trial. We have been clear in describing the goal of this trial which is to decrease neuro inflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Preliminary data reported in 6 patients demonstrated that XPro decreases white matter free water, a biomarker of neuro-inflammation that is measured by MRI in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The proceeding statement understates the real power of this biomarker in all patients, neuro-inflammation as measured by this validated biomarker decrease in the Arcuate Fasciculus. Why is this important? The Arcuate Fasciculus is a white matter tract critical to language or in language. While these data are preliminary unless be confirmed with additional study subjects, we believe that they provide an important -- they are important for 3 reasons: first, they…

Thank you, RJ. I'll provide a brief overview of our financial results and upcoming milestones. Net loss attributable to common stockholders for the second quarter ended June 30, 2020, was $2.1 million compared to $0.4 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. Research and development expenses totaled approximately $0.9 million for the second quarter ended June 30, 2020, and compared with approximately $0.6 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. General and administrative expense was approximately $1.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, compared to $1.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2019. At June 30, 2020, the company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $4.8 million with no debt. Not included in that figure is the closing of a $25 million gross proceeds public offering, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $23.1 million after deducting underwriter discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by the company we closed on July 20. For general corporate purposes, including supporting research and development, mainly clinical trials, I will note that we sold only common stock in the offering. As of August 5, 2020, the company had approximately 13.4 million shares of common stock outstanding. Now, I'd like to move on and list our upcoming milestones and catalysts. First, we expect to report additional results of the Phase Ib XPro1595 Alzheimer's disease trial expected to complete towards the second half of 2020. And as RJ has said earlier, this trial is on extension will continue into 2021, but you should see additional data towards the end of this year. Second, initiate enrollment of patients with Quellor for the treatment of complications of COVID-19 infection. Third, enroll patients in INKmune, Phase I in high-risk MDS expected towards the second half of 2020, second half of this year. In 2021, we plan to initiate for clinical trials. INKmune, a Phase I for the treatment of ovarian cancer, XPro1595, a Phase II program for Alzheimer's disease in patients with neuro-inflammation, LIVNate a Phase II for the treatment of NASH and INB03, a Phase II for treatment of MUC4 resistant metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. So in summary, we remain very, very focused on meeting our milestones, delivering data and rewarding investors' faith and, most importantly, patients in the development of our business. We thank all of our previous, current and new investors who have played and supported our goals of moving these programs forward. At this point, I'd like to thank you for your time and attention, and I'd like to turn it back to Mallika for questions and answers. Mallika, could you please poll for questions?

[Operator Instructions] The first one is from the line of Tom Schrader with the BTIG.

This is Julian [ph] on for Tom. Congrats on the quarter. First, on your Alzheimer's Phase I beyond white matter free water, I understand that there are several data points that we're expecting back half of this year. How would you frame expectations for those? I know it's very early, but is it reasonable to expect directionally positive trends over 3 months there?

Yes. Thank you. This is RJ. I mean, so as you know, we have 5 biomarker buckets. We have the white matter free water, which is an imaging bucket. We have breath, which is an exploratory endpoint, we have inflammatory cytokines, and shall we say, biomarkers of neurodegeneration, such as neurofilament in both blood and CSF, and then we have behavioral biomarkers. I can say that we -- as a -- to control costs, many of the CSF biomarkers, which are -- would be -- expected to be the most fruitful, so to speak, are being batched; so we expect not to have those until the second half of this year. We are using the Roche Toolkit, which for Alzheimer's that they -- who are testing in the CSF. We -- the data as it relates to the neuropsychiatric biomarkers will probably, once again, be given piecemeal, partly in the second half, but more towards the end of the year. I think both the CSF and the neuropsychiatric endpoints, which are, quite frankly, the most probable or the ones we expected to be most sensitive will, in fact, be directional and very useful in helping plan our Phase II. I don't have a clue what's going to happen with the breath. We love the technology, but it's never been used the way we're trying to use it. That is as a way to monitor results. And then finally, I am not a fan of blood biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease or actually in any inflammatory disease. Measuring blood cytokines, I think, is a very challenging way to study inflammation. So we tend not to put a lot of weight in it. We do it because everyone does it, but we actually build our trials around the other biomarkers, which we think are more reliable.

Okay, got it. That's helpful. And then switching gears to your COVID program. I know there have been some reports of infarction associated with the natural course of the infection. Do you have a sense for how common this is relative to the flu and the FDA's channel receptivity for therapies that specifically address this on a prophylactic basis?

So are you saying, meaning infarction in the heart? Are you talking about cardiac infarction or elsewhere?

Both.

Okay. So one of the -- it's actually, as you know, our belief is that COVID-19 is not a pulmonary or the complications of cytokine storm and not a pulmonary disease, but a disease of endothelial activation that can be manifest in a lot of different organ systems very prominently in the lungs. The heart is obviously a secondary place. And the literature is pretty clear that it's not direct infection of the virus by the -- into the cardiomyocytes, it's actually related to the coagulopathy and blood clots. So in fact, the cardiac problems are real. They can be prolonged. It is actually not well-known that actually, even in influenza, if you look at the rate of myocardial events in the 6 months after and maybe it's 3 months, I forget the exact length. In the period after the patient gets influenza, there is an increased incidence of myocardial events, whether it be acute coronary syndrome or MI. So this may be a general effect of viral disease. But all the other stuff that goes on with COVID-19, whether it be the neurologic effects, the hepatitis, the renal effects, the post-COVID brain fog, the pediatric inflammatory syndrome, all that stuff is very unique to this coronavirus. So please don't try to say that this is just a bad flu because it's a little bit worse than that, I would say.

And next one is from the line of Jonathan Aschoff with ROTH Capital Partners.

I was wondering if you can tell me how big the Phase Ib trial will ultimately be now that you've seen encouraging neural information results in the first few patients? And how long will you dose them in the extension program you have?

Good question. So the -- I expect that we will end up instead of treating 18 patients. I think it will get closer to 24 or 28 because I think now that we have this really -- we have a biomarker we can measure without the hands of men, like what I like to say. Traditionally -- you have all these rating scales and you've got someone that actually sits down and talks to the patient, checks boxes. And quite frankly, that any clinical trial that has those kind of scales has a much more imprecise outcome because of the hands of man. This is basically -- the MRI basically removes the hands-on man. It's basically math that does this basically, it becomes a computer algorithm that measures this stuff. As a result, I think we can really drill into what I think the exact dose we need to use will be. And we will be exploring this with the clinical trial. So, I expect because of that, we'll probably end up with some cohorts that are less than 1 milligram per kilogram, which has advantages in both -- in the cost of goods for the therapy. And so I expect we'll get up to maybe 24 patients, let's say, that 24, 28. Now the extension trial is a completely different trial. It's actually not the Phase I. We actually had to put a new protocol in place for the extension trial. So they get rolled into the extension. The history of this is kind of interesting. Some of the patients had such good results that they started campaigning very early to say that, "If you don't allow me to stay on this drug after 3 months, I'm going to pitch a hissy fit." to actually use a term. And…

Okay. I was curious, thus far, what percent of patients that have completed 12 weeks are in the extension program?

I do not know that off the top of my head. As you know, CJ Barnum, is our Head of -- Director of Neurosciences who is the directly involved in the trial. I'll ask him and get back to you on that, Jonathan. I'm sorry.

Okay. The last one, about AD. Given AD the results thus far, do you think that you'll deemphasize and the other DM standard program to focus resources on more aggressive early AD campaign than you might have expected you to?

And that's a very good question. At this point, obviously, the horse in the lead is the AD program. It's not because -- and we love our other programs, and we have always committed to investors that we will look for non-dilutive funding. I think we've -- I'm not willing to say that we're walking away from anything. We believe these programs have value both clinically for patients and financially for the company. So I would like to leave it at that. I think you asked a fair question, but we're not ready to pick one yet.

Our next question is from the line of Naureen Quibria with Maxim Group.

Hopefully, you can hear me. So I have a question on the AD program as well and on the extension arm. Since they are, the patients are going to stay on longer, do you have any clarity on -- or will you evaluate whether there is an impact on cognition, would you be able to assess that at all with the study?

Absolutely. Good. Thank you, Naureen, for the question. Absolutely right. Absolutely, yes. As part of that, every 3 months evaluation, they get the full battery of neuropsychiatric testing. They actually got it at 3 months also. But our expectations were quite low. But from what we're seeing, we think that we are hopeful that over time that we will actually see the kind of changes in those metrics that will get the people who are used to a more traditional Alzheimer's trial with cognitive endpoints excited. So the answer is absolutely yes.

Okay, great. That's helpful. And in terms of the same soluble TNF inhibitor that you're going to use for the COVID study. I guess can you just walk us through the study itself and sort of the rationale for -- I know you've about it. But the thing is, you've seen other cytokines like IL-6 inhibitors like Sanofi's Kevzara and Roche's Actemra haven't fared well, they're IL-6 though. And hydroxychloroquine hasn't shown any benefit either. And that then - there's been bunch of different cytokines. To what extent, we don't know. And obviously, this is a very different cytokine, targets something different. But I was wondering, have you seen any preclinical evidence with this agency, endothelial cells other settings that give you confidence that soluble TNF may show some benefit in COVID patients?

Yes, that's a very insightful question. Remember, we're not focused on the lung. We're focused on the endothelial cells. And this is a major difference in how we approach the disease. When you look at the major cytokines or the cytokine terminals, your soluble TNF, IL-6 and IL-1, IL-6 has no effect on endothelial activation. Full stop, right? TNF has a major effect on endothelial activation. And IL-1 beta may or may or may not, depending on what studies you look at. It's very clear that when you -- what soluble TNF does with endothelial cells, first of all, it's up regulates ICAM and VCAM, which are homing protein, so it allows immune cells to traffic to the site of injuries. But more importantly, it up regulates tissue factor, which is what stimulates the coagulopathy. And I've been clear, I used to be a lonely voice. I'm not -- there are more of us out there now in talking about the role that coagulation is the bad actor. So, I think the IL-6 -- anti-Il-6 programs for the patient that is not super -- it's just -- it's not going to affect what I think is the primary inflammatory target, which is the endothelial cell. If one may, there's an anti-IL-1, alpha beta combined drug out there that has been studied to see. But I think we've got an excellent drug, and even more importantly, when you look at some of the other areas, like if you look at the MISC, the multi inflammatory -- multisystem inflammatory syndrome of children. I mean that thing has TNF all over it. It's a variance of, shall I say, it's a kissing cousin of Kawasaki disease, where TNF plays a very big role. I think at the end of the day, we have to do the clinical trial, right? But I like the clinical trial we're doing, and I think that we have a chance of showing a benefit. And I think our biggest benefit will end up being that we really turn off the coagulopathy. And when you turn off the coagulopathy, by turning off the cytokine storm, I think these patients will benefit. All I can say is stay tuned, right?

Right. So that's helpful. Just one more on that same topic. So will you look MISC and Kawasaki disease as well?

Not at this point. We're eyeing that with considerable interest, I would say. There are always -- there are challenges getting into the pediatric arena, the standard path for diseases that for drugs like our DN-TNF is to have a large adult database before you go into kids. And the FDA is very supportive of you going into kids, but they want you to have that database. We're away from that database, but the problem is today. You can imagine with the raging virus in the U.S. and particularly with the push to go back to schools, I think we're going to be seeing more of these kids. And the current therapies are imperfect. All I can say is it's something that's very much on our radar stream. But I think at this point, in the COVID area, we're very focused on getting the adult trial going. And once we get that started, I think it becomes a topic of conversation.

Our next question is from the line of Arthur He with the H.C. Wainwright.

So I just had two questions. One is, I just want to -- regarding the COVID-19 study. Have you guys have any further discussion with the FDA? And in your perspective, what's the optimal time to starting the trial? So -- yes.

Let me answer that. I mean, we're fully engaged with the FDA. That's the way I'm going to phrase it. I mean, and obviously, really, the ball's in their court. We are, as you can imagine, the clinical sites are interested in what we're offering. And so there's really a parallel track going on. There's the regulatory track, which is the FDA. And then there's the clinical development track. The -- getting the sites up and running, which is another complete handful. And those things are going on in parallel. I don't want to give an exact date. But I will say -- I don't know if I'd mentioned this before, originally, we had thought about actually getting started on Australia, because, as you know, we already have our clinical programs going on Australia. And I really turned my back on Australia because at the first go round, they had a tremendous success in squashing the curve. Well, that success which has unfortunately failed. And now Victoria and Melbourne, Melbourne is the largest city or second largest city in Australia is just on fire. So in fact, we are sticking our nose back into Australia. So we -- in fact, it will be the same protocol. We are, in fact, engaging 2 regulatory authorities. And so we think we're in pretty good shape to getting this started quite soon. I think in the past, I've said August, I'm hopeful for that. I won't say what country it will be in, but I think it's reasonable to assume that we're pushing hard, and we'll have that first patient enrolled pretty quickly or within a reasonable amount of time.

And my second question, probably for David. Could you give us some color on the ongoing expense on the R&D and the [indiscernible].

So thanks, Arthur. You're looking about the expense for the R&D related to the COVID trial?

No, the overall -- like the overall operational expense, if you can give us some color?

Yes. No, happily, happily. We -- given the current programs that we've announced without any changes of expansion or adding any new programs or decreasing any programs, just based on our current plan that we've announced, we have funding through the first half of 2022. So we're well funded through 2021, and we expect to do what we've done in the past is keep our heads down, run things as efficiently as possible. Our R&D expense looks a little bit on the low side because we get these rebates, which are contra R&D, which are unusual in biotech companies. So we're going to continue to get the R&D rebates in Australia and the U.K., and we're also going to continue to try and apply for support grants and support in our clinical programs. And obviously, we'll announce anything that, if we're able to achieve that, as we move along. But we're going to continue our kind of, let's call it, be as capital-efficient as we possibly can.

So I think we're going to cut off the Q&A session. I'm sure there are people that have not had their questions answered, and we apologize. But David and I pride ourselves in being accessible, you know how to get ahold of us. Please reach out to us, and we will do our best to answer your questions. So we appreciate you participating in the call today. And we very much appreciate your continued support. David, anything you want to add?

No, RJ. I mean, again, just I want to highlight that the investors are the lifeblood of our company, and we do want to communicate with you if you have questions. We know you have a lot. There's a lot of questions related around Quellor, keep them coming, and we'll do our best to answer them. Thank you. Mallika?

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude today's call. We thank you for your participation. I ask that you please disconnect your lines.