Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the National Vision Third Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speakers’ presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today’s conference call is being record. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker for today, Mr. David Mann. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to National Vision's third quarter 2019 earnings call. Joining me on the call today are Reade Fahs, Chief Executive Officer; and Patrick Moore, Chief Financial Officer. Our earnings release issued this morning and the presentation, which will be referenced during the call are both available on the Investors Section of our website nationalvision.com, and a replay of the audio webcast will be archived on the Investors page after the call. Before we begin, let me remind you our earnings materials and today's presentation include forward-looking statements, as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to the factors identified in the release and in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The release and today's presentation also includes certain non-GAAP measures. Reconciliation of these measures are included in our release and the supplemental presentation. We also would like to draw your attention to Slide 2 in today's presentation for additional information about forward-looking statements and non-GAAP measures. As a reminder, National Vision expects to provide certain supplemental materials or presentations for investor reference on our Investors section of our website. Now, let me turn the call over to Reade.

Thank you, David. Good morning everyone. It's a pleasure to be speaking with you today to share our third quarter results. If you turn to Slide 4, Q3 was a really good quarter for us. We're pleased to report our 71st consecutive quarter of positive comparable store sales growth, that's almost 18 years of consistently healthy quarterly comps, we remain quite proud of the consistency and durability that this track record reflects. Q3 adjusted comparable store sales growth was up 6.2%, comps were once again led by our growth brands with a 6.7% comp increase at America's Best, and 5.2% comp increase at Eyeglass World, respectively. Also, I'm quite pleased with the improving performance at our Legacy segment, which delivered a 5.7% comp increase. We opened 17 new stores in Q3, and ended the quarter with 1,145 stores or a 7.3% increase in store count in the past year. The comparable store sales growth and unit growth combined to drive 11% increase in net revenue. Adjusted EBITDA increased nearly 25%, and adjusted net income rose almost 66%. We closely monitor Net Promoter Scores as another sign of customer satisfaction and ambassadorship. Our overall NPS increased year-over-year again this quarter. This is a testament to the store level execution of our teams and their commitment to customer service every day, and in every store, one patient and one customer at a time. As we noted on our last call, we improved our balance sheet with the debt refinancing in July that lowered our borrowing costs. Our 14-year tenure of private equity involvement came to an end as KKR completed the sale of its remaining ownership in August. This was the final chapter in our very successful 5.5-year relationship with KKR. Concurrent with the KKR sale, the company purchased $25 million of…

Thanks, Reade, and good morning, everyone. Turning to Slide 8. As Reade noted, our business performed very well in the third quarter and year-to-date. We are nearly complete with our plan to open approximately 75 new stores in 2019. We've opened 67 stores year-to-date compared to 58 last year, at this time. Store openings have been predominantly America's Best locations, with the remainder being Eyeglass World stores. For these two growth brands combined, unit growth increased nearly 11%, over the last 12 months. We did not close any stores this quarter. Our 2019 store growth has been skewed toward existing markets, as well as further infill in our newer markets. In these newer markets, we continue to expand our store base and invest, where our new stores are ramping and building awareness. We note that the majority of our new stores have historically taken approximately three years to five years to mature and payback invested capital. We remain positive about these newer markets and see a lot of our potential customers there. The chart of adjusted comparable store sales growth, presents our comps calculated on a cash basis. Same-store sales increased 6.2% on top of 6.8% increase in the third quarter last year. The comp growth was driven by increases in both average ticket and customer transactions average ticket and customer transactions. We experienced comp growth in both the eyeglass and contact lens categories. More importantly, eyeglass comps continued to be, primarily driven by increases in customer transactions. In terms of contact lenses, comps were primarily driven by average ticket. Our contact lens customers are increasingly migrating toward newer technology lenses, that have higher prices. We believe our customers are in the early stages of participation in an industry trend that has been ongoing for several years. In the third…

Thank you, Patrick. Turning to Slide 13. In closing, I'd like to share some of the efforts we've been involved in. In just the last couple of weeks regarding helping to get exams and glasses to lower income kids as part of National Vision's active social mission. Two weeks ago, a group of us joined our partners at Essilor Transitions and Essilor Vision Foundation in Dallas to provide eye exams and free eyeglasses to elementary and middle school kids in need. It was a great day of industry partnership and support of a worthy cause, that I'm confident had a trajectory setting impact on a great many young people's lives. This past weekend, we have a lead sponsor of an sponsor of an annual fundraiser for Salus University, a graduate – a health sciences school that grew out of the Pennsylvania College of Optometry. The fundraiser is in support of the schools Vision band that provides screenings, eye exams and eyeglasses to thousands of kids in the Philadelphia public schools, as well as other school districts in the Philadelphia environment. And finally, going on, as we speak, nearly 40 America's Best and National Vision associates and six optometrists, in partnership with Atlanta's Westside Future Fund our on-site at the Hollis Innovation Academy an elementary and middle school in Downtown, Atlanta. We're providing free pre-vision screenings, eye exams and glasses to all Hollis' students and expect to help more than 500 people at this event. These are just a few of our most recent efforts to make eye care and eye wear accessible for all. In summary, I'm extremely pleased with our third quarter results and increased guidance. I want to thank our entire team at National Vision, including the over 2,000 optometrists, who provide much needed medical services to patients at our over 1,100 storefronts, every day. We continue to strive to be the best at providing low price exams, glasses and contact lenses, while both at home and abroad and this week, in our hometown of Atlanta, we work to bring glasses and consequently sight and improved quality of life to those who would be unable to see well, otherwise. As I've noted in the past, this is why we believe optical retailing is a noble profession. With that, I'd like to turn the call back to the operator to start the question-and-answer portion of the call.

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Robert Ohmes of Bank of America. Your line is now open.

Good morning guys, and congrats on a great quarter. I have actually two questions. The first is, can you remind us or maybe help us understand the – how much the average ticket growth is benefiting from contacts and maybe how much that is helping the comps and the – maybe some help on penetration of contact lenses versus eyeglasses, just – and why this is not sort of a one-time ticket benefit and just maybe a little math to help us understand how sustainable that is. And then the other question is just remind us what's driving the higher eyeglass margins and how sustainable that is as well. Thanks.

Thank you, Rob. I appreciate that. And, yes, we're pleased with both the ticket and the transaction growth overall, transaction count overall as the company was up 3.9%, and ticket growth 1.9%. And so, on the contact lens side – if you kind of remember contact lenses are about 20% of our business overall. And so, although they are growing ticket wise, and growing transaction wise, that's more sort of doctor and customer-driven, it's not something we drive. It's not something that's more sort of what the doctor feels is in the best interest of the patient and what sort of modality, the patient wants. But, really our comps are related to the growth in our eyeglass business, not our contact lens business. And again, transactions were up for eyeglasses 3% and growing faster than ticket, which is the way we like it, and have done it historically. And Patrick, you want to talk about the margin piece of that?

Yes, I'll follow on eyeglass margins. Probably, there is a few things going – coming into play there. I think we've mentioned a couple of quarters this year, that we have a new lens price – our new loans contract going into effect at mid-year, and that has obviously occurred. Second, we've also mentioned peripheral pricing action that would have also affected kind of our frame mix – our frame board mix, so both of those are factors in helping the eyeglass margins a bit at this time.

Again, sort of when I look at transaction and ticket, I'd say, it's just part of the consistent story that we've been talking about for a real long time. It's in line with how we like it, and it feels very similar to what we've been talking about even since our road show.

Thanks guys. And just one follow-up, if I may. Just the improvement in the legacy business comp, anything you can highlight what happened there and is that sustainable?

Yes. So, we're pleased with that as well. Again, that was – yes there's nice momentum that we're seeing in that business. We have sort of a new leadership team, key people in place there and we're feeling like our Legacy division really has its mojo going there. So, I think it's leadership focus, energy. Yes, we're feeling good about that.

Terrific, thanks so much guys.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Simeon Gutman of Morgan Stanley. Your line is now open.

Hi. This is Josh Kamboj on for Simeon. Thanks for taking our question. As you look toward 2020, can you maybe remind us what some of the key margin buckets that will help and hurt your expense structure. Like for example, you've spoken about optometrist wage headwinds for a long time. There's a lot of talk about broader wage inflation, and are you worrying about the potential for you worrying about the potential for your store associate, wages to rise and is advertising going to become a tailwind, just in general, some of the buckets that we should think about?

Hey Josh, it's Patrick. I'll take that one. In terms of 2020, I'd say at the outset, we're still working diligently on that plan. We look to share specific outlook in February, and tariffs kind of come into play. We continue to make great strides toward being prepared for those – however, that may fall. There is some key items that has affected us in 2019 that will not continue – the cyber investment or $4 million on the year, the Plano lab drag, I think we disclosed about 1 to 1.5 of EBITDA and about the same amount on depreciation, and then obviously we've now lapped the AC Lens, contact lens distribution bolt-on that we've talked about over the past 12 months. If I kind of look out and think about overall margin expansion and not just for 2020, but in general, we've had these factors that I've just discussed, and then, yes we expect to see some continued wage inflation. I think we're managing through that very well in our stores, as evidenced by leveraging associate wages in the quarter. We continue to support managed care growth, and look at some other key investments that we think drive market share gains. Next year, we should see some lab productivity improvements, and we're also working to leverage those fixed cost in the business that can be levered. So, today I'm not ready to kind of call it in terms of which way that goes for 2020. Our intent is to remain a very consistent grower, and continue to deliver what you all have been accustomed to and obviously we'll go into much more specificity on our next call.

Thanks Patrick. And then just as a quick follow-up, can you remind us, maybe what your overall business leverage point is for comps? Is it the 5% level, is it the 6% level because of wage inflation, now. Just, any color on that would be helpful?

Yes. I think we've kind of said something in that 4% to 5% range, and we have – we're working very hard to do what we can with fixed cost to continue to improve that.

Great, thank you.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Bob Drbul of Guggenheim Securities. Your line is now open.

Hi guys, just two questions from me. The first one is, I guess two years now into being a public company, if you could just maybe talk about the environment sort of how it's changed over the last couple of years, and sort of how you see it changing and then just sort of tying that one together. Can you just give us an update on the Walmart relationship? I think you have a renewal coming up and just sort of how we should think about where that relationship is and the future prospects there? Thanks.

Yeah. Bob I'm happy to do this. So yeah, we just had our two year anniversary a few weeks ago as a public company, and I would say the trends we laid out on our road show have continued. There is ongoing consolidation in the industry, there seems to be an ongoing shift to the value segment that we are benefiting from, the consolidation is making it, I think ever more challenging to be an independent doctor, and doctors are still 40% of the industry and we're finding a lot of doctors are saying, I think I'd rather be in your employed model than in the independent model. So, we have folks coming to us like that. But there – I guess, sort of the EssilorLuxottica thing came together in the past two years, but that really hasn't affected us a great deal. But, we are always saying the category is growing a bit and it's continued to do that, but the chains are growing at the expense of the of the independent – we see that continuing, and the value segment is growing at the expense of a lot of the traditional more expensive sides of the chain. So, that's all continuing and consistent with the vision we had three years ago, and what we expected there. On the Walmart side, first of all, we're real pleased with our Walmart results there, and we've always considered it a great honor to get to operate within Walmart. We're just ending our 29th year so next year will be our 30th year of partnership with Walmart. We feel with the relationship remains quite strong, and we are sort of in touch with them on a frequent basis on a variety of topics. We talk to them about all sorts of things, all the time as we have, so things are good there and we don't have anything to report right now relative to that, but when we do we'll let you know.

Got it. And if I could just sneak in one more, when you look at the inventory levels throughout this year I was just wondering, can you just tell us how you think you'll enter 2020 from an inventory perspective?

Hey Bob, it's Patrick. Yeah, inventory levels are probably conditional on where things are currently trending on tariffs. There are something to get opportunities to do forward buyings and you've probably seen us do that a couple of times in the fourth quarter. I think levels have worked down for a reasonable level now, and I think we're just going to have to stay tuned to various tweaks to kind of see how that's looking and we'll adjust the inventories accordingly, but terms are fairly consistent for us there. Very high in contact lens business and reasonable on glasses and frames as well. So, we'll be monitoring that over the next month and a half or so and take as wise an action as we can.

Broadly, inventory increases relate to things that are opportunistic and favorable for us.

Got it. Thank you very much.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Michael Lasser of UBS. Your line is now open.

Good morning. It's Mark Carden on for Michael today. Thanks a lot for taking the questions. When you think about the Walmart business, if Walmart did ultimately, for any reason decide that it would prefer to bring its eye care operations in-house how would it impact your free cash flow? Thanks.

Hi Mark, thanks for the question. So, you can look at our Legacy segment, our Legacy segment is the store level P&L for those 226 Walmart stores, so that kind of gives you our profitability at the store level. There are some other costs that are in our corporate and other related to – all the field management personnel, the district managers, the regional VP, brand leadership, as well as corporate support. And so, you have to be a little careful with that segment number in terms of translating it down to a true free cash flow. We've not provided that kind of an extended segment. But, as you think about moving down from the 20% something for owned & host Walmart combined to lower teens 11%, 12% for EBITDA, there's going to be a similar margin there. So, it would be something far less than the segment, and we obviously – our intent is to not have to think about that. We continue to do our best to be the best partner they have, but if that were to occur I think, frankly we could manage through it, and it would be an impact, but I think we could manage through it and grow through it, but in a short period of time, but again, we're not ready to really make that a project.

Okay. That's helpful. And then you mentioned that managed care continues to be an opportunity. Can you help quantify where your current penetration is relative to overall industry levels. And then, how much that's changed over the past few years? Thanks.

Yes. So, we don't give an exact number. I think when we went public two years ago, we were saying, it was between 25% and 30% and we were saying, it was growing a bit faster than the rest of the business. So, that could give you a sense of dimension and we continue to say that, it is less than half of our business and that we are and remain under developed, relative to the category overall. We think that we are under-developed for a couple of reasons. One, when we bought America's Best back in 2005, they didn't accept any managed care. So, we are starting at zero. They were – they had no plans, we started at zero so we were playing a bit of a catch up game there, but alternatively, if you don't have vision insurance you're more likely to come to us. So, when it's all your money and you're not factoring in the various factors that go into the decision, if you're a managed care buyer. It's all your money and you're seeking out through value, you generally find us. And so, I think we'll always be a bit over developed in the non-managed care business, for that reason, but it continues to grow nicely, as a piece of our business and we're happy with it and spend time cultivating.

Great, thanks very much.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Steph Wissink of Jefferies. Your line is now open.

Thanks, good morning everyone and most of our questions have been asked. But, one thing I wanted to just break down maybe Reade, this is a question for you. In your prepared remarks, you mentioned that you had stronger optometrist coverage, which you used as a way to drive some incremental utilization and comp. Can you talk a little bit about how you think about investing in optometrists to make available appointments or availability of appointments improved, and ultimately benefiting the overall sales take rate. Just break that for the business down that will be helpful.

Good. That's one of my favorite topics, it's something I spend a lot of time on. As I said, in the prepared remarks, we are an optometrist-centric organization. One of the phrases I repeat most frequently is that we are creating environments where optometrists will want to spend their entire career – and I say environments both because we have multiple brands and we have multiple different relationships with optometrists in terms of how we interact with them, some leased from us, some are employed by us, some work for professional corporations, some work for our California HMO. I broadly say that there is a relationship with an OD in America, we have it, and frankly that's the barrier to entry in our favor the fact that, that is one of our competencies. Key is, we see very strong demand for our services and the ODs in our stores, help us to be able to serve this ever growing So when we have more OD coverage, it tends to correspond to higher sales and that's why when we refer to the fact that our retention of optometrists is at an all-time high it really is a key barometer of the health of our business.

Great, just one follow-up on marketing, I think you mentioned that you did lever advertising in the quarter. I'm wondering if you can talk a little bit about what we should look for over the course of the next one to two years, in terms of your marketing investment. You've had great success with some of your campaigns. Now, what are you looking forward to in terms of either further activating some of those assets or adding on new mediums or ways to reach the consumer?

We're always looking for ways to make our marketing more efficient, and I believe, we get ever smarter with the years, we're both a traditional marketer, and a lot of on TV, and we do a variety of different digital marketing programs that we're always testing, and quantifying and learning about; the media market, in America both on the television side of things and on the digital side of things is ever changing. So, you're foolish if you're not always testing and learning and the great thing about the digital means is, it's very quantifiable as opposed to the traditional way. So, we believe we're going to be a consistent marketer for a long time, and we think that it's a key way to help us grow our share and sort of freeze the opportunity and continue to demand for our products.

Hey, I would just add, it's Patrick. Reade, did a great job of talking through both being traditional and digital. I think that as this continues to equalize and shift, we also have an opportunity to see some degree of advertising leverage over time. We've not kind of made that call yet, but I do think in today's world, you're really having to invest in both sides, and I do expect that to transition a little more over time and give us a better opportunity for leverage.

Yes. We get smarter as we go.

Thank you.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Paul Lejuez of Citi. Your line is now open.

Hi guys. Reade mentioned offsetting tariffs this year I was curious if that happened strictly on the cost side, just negotiating better price or did you also take prices up anywhere? Also curious, if you believe you'll be able to offset the impacts from tariffs next year, as well. And then secondly, I just wanted to talk a little bit more about the optometrist costs; the drag that you saw this quarter, maybe if you can quantify it compared to prior quarters and what you expect in 4Q and any early thoughts about next year on that side of the gross margin equation? Thanks.

Paul, thank you. And by the way, we're very encouraged by the news this morning. We'll see if it is definitive or not, but it sure was encouraging on the tariff side, this morning. There are a variety of different levers that one can pull to help mitigate these things, and we look at all of them, we study all them, we don't provide too much guidance. Overall, for competitive reasons, we're the only public company really pure play in our category so we'd like to not share in detail, exactly how we're doing this. I will say that over the years, we have periodically and episodically taken peripheral pricing action. We never – we don't change our core offer – our banner offer. But we have over the years done that here and there, and that is one of the levers that is available. And the second question OD, could you to repeat the question you had on OD?

Sure, just the drag this quarter versus previous quarters, what you expect in 4Q, next year outlook?

I'll take that one. As we think about coming out of the year and into fourth quarter, overall, we're expecting gross margins to have probably 32 basis points of pressure, and we expect that to be impacted by tariffs assuming that's continuing our lab drag as well as a little bit of OD wage inflation, not ready to make a statement on that for 2020 because we're still very focused on putting together a great plan that continues the consistent growth momentum that we've established. But, we're really not seeing that yet, of course. And the other thing I'll come back and mention Paul, when we say – when we talk about OD inflation, there's really a couple of things going there, one is the coverage topic that I think it was Steph that kind of brought with Reade earlier, that's a factor of kind of wage as well as just we occasionally get markets where there is a supply demand imbalance and we correspond there. But, that should give you a little color on how I'm thinking around gross margin in Q4, and then in February I'll give you lots of color on 2020.

Okay. Perhaps, just one follow-up. This quarter, I think gross margins you said were up excluding the AC Lens drag that goes away in 4Q. So, just curious what changes that would hurt your margins in 4Q compared to the underlying and 3Q?

Yes. So you're right. Q3 growth was up about 50%, and if you put the AC Lens business aside, and that was better eyeglass margin, reimbursed exams, offset by higher OD cost, little high OD costs. I think the biggest change going into 4Q, is kind of timing of the inventory and the tariff assumptions as they exist today. So Paul, we – before the tariffs went into effect, we had some existing inventory at pre-tariff cost, those – we are working those down as time progresses. So, I do expect to feel a lot more of that impact in Q4 and that's kind of the main reason on guide there. And again, for 2020, we are still very focused on coming out with as much mitigation as possible, should they remain in place.

Thank you guys. Good luck.

Thank you.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Anthony Chukumba with Loop Capital Markets. Your line is now open.

Good morning, thanks for taking my question, and congrats on the strong quarter. So, my first question, is there anything noteworthy that you would point out in terms of the competitive landscape? I mean, any changes with the independents or some of the bigger changes, some of the online-only retailers. I mean, just anything that you might want to point out there?

Overall, I'm finding it pretty consistent and still the value segment is growing, and we think that's part of our momentum. We think that yes – so we're not seeing dramatic things out there that are changes versus either our expectations or what we've been seeing on an ongoing basis in terms of offerings – the consumer offerings.

Got it. That's helpful. And then just my follow-up, and I'm going to apologize in advance because it shouldn't be asked on a call like this because it's sort of foolish but it's been written about, so just wanted to see if you were to address it. There's been a couple of reports that have basically said that the FTC is going to come after you guys, because of your two for $69.95 and free eye exam offer at America's Best. I mean that's blatantly ridiculous. But, I just wanted to see if you were to address that at all, or maybe they're right, and the FTC's is knocking on your door right now?

I'm happy to address that. I feel that's totally appropriate and actually appreciate that you asked. The – we have had – never had an interaction with the FTC on this topic at all, that there is so – that it is not a topic area, it is not a conversation. We are a company that takes abiding by all laws, very seriously, and the key is that as people are getting the offer that you are communicating and then it is a legitimate offer, and large numbers of people get our offer, and we actively encourage it. We have hundreds of frames available at that, and of non-insured customers and insured customers come in, they have whatever their insurance has. But, the majority of our customers, 20% take the offer and we've given away well over 1 million pairs of – well over 1 million exams at no cost in the past year, and now it's an offer we hang our hat on. So, no FTC dramas out there occurring, never. Never had an interaction on the topic and would be surprised by it, given the legitimacy of the offer.

Got it. That's very helpful. Keep up the good work, guys. Thanks.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Zach Fadem of Wells Fargo. Your line is now open.

Hi, this is Eric Cohen on for Zach. Thanks for taking the question. You guys sort of had really nice EBIT margin expansion in Q3. I'm just wondering how that compared to your expectations and sort of what the puts and takes were. And if there are any timing and shifting of expenses between Q3 and Q4 that we should be aware of?

Hey Eric, thanks for the question. We were very pleased with gross margin and as well as SG&A leverage and resulting EBITDA and EBIT margin expansion in the quarter, starting with good top line comp performance. We did only have two months of the AC Lens contact lens distribution. So, we started – we moved beyond the lapping of that, as we've talked on the call, we had really good eyeglass margins, we have more exams being reimbursed now, those were all helps to margins, and frankly, we leveraged both advertising and store associate payrolls and that was a function of just really good focus and execution. I am not aware of any kind of timing things that benefited 3Q or that, I need to talk about in Q4 beyond my comments regarding that last week of the year having one less day for us between Christmas holiday and Saturday 28, when we end our fiscal year. So, you can kind of see our guidance, and we talked a little about gross margins earlier, but there is nothing significant to kind of call out as we head out of Q3 into Q4, excluding those couple of things.

Great. And just looking at cash flow, you guys were enjoying nice cash flow this year. And now with the processing lab now behind you, sort of, how are you prioritizing the uses of cash between opening stores, investing in the business and paying down debt?

Well, one of the benefits of this business model is that it gives us ample cash flows to use to do all of that. We have been building 75 stores per year and the associated lot distribution center and infrastructure capacity to do that, for quite a while, we feel like we've got a nice machine there that works really well and we're happy about the white space. In terms of the cash flow for that, that's kind of a kind of a given. This year, we have been – we have redeployed $50 million of cash, $25 million in the stock repurchase, commensurate with the last secondary in August and in last week a voluntary debt pay down. So, in the past I've talked about directing cash toward improving balance sheet was really happy to put some action in place, last week to do that. And so, we'll continue to – I think you can expect us to continue to deploy cash to growth, and as cash flows are increasing now continue to improve the balance sheet. We've moved from a high number at IPO to down to 2.6 as we come out of third quarter and we're very pleased with that, I'd like to see that number get down to that 2.0 range organically, and the future potential debt pay-downs.

Thanks a lot for your time.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Alex Maroccia, Berenberg. Your line is now open.

Hey, good morning guys. So, my first question is on the managed care business and its impact on sales and margins. It looked like you had some growth there in the owned & host segment, but there is a decline in Legacy. Can you just expand on how these managed care trends are affecting average ticket prices and optometrist utilization, as it relates to margins?

I'll talk a little bit about margins and then Reade can chime in on kind of our professional optometrists utilization. So, from a margin standpoint, they're a little different in terms of whether a patient using insurance or a patient using cash and without insurance comes in, we are absolutely indifferent to that. We were happy that these patients showed up and take advantage of our healthcare services and offers. So, from a margin standpoint, there is not a huge difference there. The customers with insurance, do have a tendency to spend a little more – a little more in terms of average ticket because they're leveraging what they view as other people's money, which is really theirs as well as their own. So, we see a little ticket lift there but again, our store associates there is no coaching whatsoever other than trying to help maximize those insurance benefits.

Yes. I guess, I'd just add that lots of managed care customers see that their managed care benefits go a little farther with us. So, they come in and sometimes they often buy better things because they can and they have the help from the insurance of theirs.

Okay, got it. And then just a quick clarification point on a previous question, you said 2 times leverage ratio, is that a long-term target or for end of this year?

I don't want to put a timeline on that, you could probably take a look at our line of what we've been accomplishing organically, since the IPO and come up with a reasonable guess on that. We haven't announced, specifically through debt pay-downs. But again, our intent is to get this company to a really good stable position in terms of its capital structure, as compared to other more traditional retailers. I would also say, I've been comfortable all along what their predictability and dependability of the business, the fact that it's tied to health services and a medical necessity, gives us a lot of confidence to operate, even at higher leverages. But, just because I'm a really conservative guy, I do like the notion that we'll get that down even closer to two.

Okay. That's all helpful. Thanks a lot guys.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Dylan Carden of William Blair. Your line is now open.

Thank you very much. Just curious, sort of looking at the two primary banners and sort of further store expansion, wonder what the infill opportunity or the infill breakdown will be for America's Best, and then sort of expectations in and around maybe accelerate or a little bit faster rollout of Eyeglass World whether or not there's an infill opportunity there to kind of make that a more profitable endeavor?

We think there's lots of opportunity for both those brands. So, as you can see from our comps, they both generate really nice consumer traction. So, we're still – yes, so we think there's great opportunities for both. We have not updated our white space guidance, since we did the IPO believing that there is a place for over 1,000 America's Best or over 850 Eyeglass World stores, the ROIC is stronger on America's Best. So, that's why we've been focusing on that first and because we've got network TV, we're getting sort of a network effect of – more you see the stores, the more the brand – and more you see the national advertising, it sort of builds on itself – the network effect there. And to your question, yes, we actually think there is probably opportunity to improve the ROIC on Eyeglass World, and we are paying attention to that also. So, all good, still love both of those growth brands.

Okay. And then sort of a smaller point, I was just curious, sort of on the Spanish-language advertising. I know that's sort of a relatively newer endeavor. Any sort of – anything to add there as far as newer customer or traction maybe in some markets you otherwise sort of weren't penetrating?

We have nice development among the Hispanic consumer. Our offerings are appealing. We have a Hispanic ad agency, and are working on different ways of building that customer segment. It's sort of you build on the strength you already have. When we have strength there, and sort of on the other consumers like that, we'll only make it stronger.

Okay. Thank you very much.

Thank you. And ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude our question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the call back over to Reade for any closing remarks.

Good. Thank you very much. In closing, I'd like to congratulate our entire team on the milestone of 71 consecutive positive comp quarters. We're feeling solid momentum in our business, and we are pleased to be raising our 2019 outlook. We'd like to thank you all for joining us today, and for your continued interest in and support of National Vision, and we look forward to speaking to you again in February, when we report our fourth quarter results. Thank you all very much.

Well, ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today’s conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.