Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Constellium Third Quarter 2021 Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Ryan Wentling, Director of Investor Relations. Thank you. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator. I would like to welcome everyone to our third quarter 2021 earnings call. On the call today are our Chief Executive Officer, Jean-Marc Germain; and our Chief Financial Officer, Peter Matt. After the presentation, we will have a Q&A session. A copy of the slide presentation for today's call is available on our website at constellium.com, and today's call is being recorded. Before we begin, I'd like to encourage everyone to visit the company's website and take a look at our recent filings. Today's call may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements include statements regarding the company's anticipated financial and operating performance, future events and expectations and may involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties. For a summary of specific risk factors that could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the factors presented under the heading Risk Factors in our annual report on Form 20-F. All information in this presentation is as of the date of the presentation. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In addition, today's presentation includes information regarding certain non-GAAP financial measures. Please see the reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures attached in today's slide presentation, which supplement our IFRS disclosures. I would now like to hand the call over to Jean-Marc.

Thanks, Ryan. Good morning, good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for your interest in Constellium. Let's turn to Slide 5 and discuss the highlights from our third quarter results. I would like to start with safety, our #1 priority. Our year-to-date recordable case rate was 1.8 per million hours worked, in line with our record performance in 2020. I would like to specifically recognize the efforts at Neuf-Brisach, Singen and Gottmadingen. Each of these locations achieved more than 1 million hours worked without a recordable case in the third quarter. Shipments were 395,000 tons, that's up 12% compared to the third quarter of 2020. Revenue increased 35% to €1.6 billion. This was primarily due to higher metal prices and higher shipments. Remember, while our revenues are affected by changes in metal prices, we operate at pass-through business model, which minimizes our exposure to metal risk. Net income of €19 million compares to a net income of €20 million in the third quarter of 2020. Adjusted EBITDA was a record €143 million, 14% above the third quarter of 2020 and 3% above our results from the third quarter of 2019 pre-pandemic. Strong end market demand, particularly from our packaging and industrial customers and solid cost control helped us overcome the reduced contribution from aerospace, the continued impact from the semiconductor shortage and increased inflationary pressures. I am very pleased with our team's strong execution again this quarter. Looking forward, we are updating our 2021 adjusted EBITDA guidance to a range of €550 million to €560 million. That compares to our previous guidance of €545 million to €560 million. We extended our track record of consistent free cash flow generation with €40 million in the quarter, bringing our total to €121 million through the first 9 months. We continue to expect free cash flow in excess of €125 million in 2021. Moving now to leverage. As you can see in the chart on the bottom right, our leverage declined to 3.6x at the end of the third quarter, down a full turn from the first quarter and at a multiyear low. We remain committed to reducing our leverage to our long-term targets of 2.5x. We are also acting on our commitment to reduce gross debt with our recent announcement of the redemption of $200 million of our 2026 notes. Overall, I am very proud of our third quarter performance. We delivered strong adjusted EBITDA, solid free cash flow generation and further deleveraging in excess of our expectations. With that, I will now hand the call over to Peter for further details on our financial performance. Peter?

Thank you, Jean-Marc, and thank you, everyone, for joining the call today. Let's turn to Slide 7. For the third quarter of 2021, Constellium achieved €143 million of adjusted EBITDA, an increase of 14% compared to the third quarter of 2020. Compared to the third quarter of last year, PARP adjusted EBITDA of €94 million, increased by €9 million, A&T adjusted EBITDA of €20 million, increased by €10 million and AS&I adjusted EBITDA of €32 million, decreased by €1 million. Holdings and corporate costs of €3 million, increased by €1 million compared to last year. For the first 9 months of 2021, Constellium achieved €434 million of adjusted EBITDA, a 23% increase compared to the first 9 months of 2020. PARP and A&T adjusted EBITDA increased compared to the prior year on strong overall performance, while AS&I adjusted EBITDA declined due to weaker automotive shipments as a result of the semiconductor shortage. Now let's focus on our segment performance. Turn to Slide 8 for the PARP segment. Adjusted EBITDA of €94 million, increased 10% compared to the third quarter of 2020. Volume was a €17 million tailwind as shipments increased 9% compared to the third quarter of 2020. Packaging shipments increased 12% on strong demand, while automotive shipments decreased 8% on continued effects from the semiconductor shortage. We continue to expect the strength in packaging to offset the weakness in automotive. Price and mix was a headwind of €8 million on a lower share of automotive shipments. Costs were a tailwind of €1 million as favorable metal costs offset higher maintenance and labor costs. FX translation, which is noncash, was a headwind of €1 million in the quarter due to a weaker U.S. dollar. Now I'll turn to Slide 9, and let's focus on the A&T segment. Adjusted EBITDA of…

Thank you, Peter. Let's turn now to Slide 15 and discuss our portfolio and our end market outlooks. I would first like to highlight a diverse and balanced portfolio of end markets. On the left, you can see the breakout of our LTM revenue across our 4 end markets. The packaging market is strong in both North America and Europe. We expect mid-single digit demand growth in the medium term. This growth is underwritten by new can lines announced by our customers in both North America and Europe. The can sheet market continues to improve, and we have continued to secure long-term strategic agreements with our customers. These agreements reflect the substantial value that we bring to the market as a major domestic supplier in both Europe and the U.S. As I mentioned last quarter, we are investigating a number of initiatives to increase can sheet capacity across our packaging platform to serve this growing market. We expect this will be achieved through both debottlenecking and additional investments. Moving now to automotive. Near term, automotive demand continues to be hindered by the semiconductor shortage. OEMs experienced production stoppages throughout the third quarter, and we expect this to continue into the fourth quarter. However, we believe underlying consumer demand remains strong, especially for light trucks, SUVs and luxury vehicles where Constellium has greater exposure. Let's turn now to aerospace. Demand for our products has remained at a low level. However, optimism in the aerospace supply chain is increasing. While difficult to pinpoint precise timing, we expect to show year-over-year growth in aerospace shipments in the coming quarters. Over the longer term, we remain confident that the fundamentals driving aerospace demand growth remain intact, including growing passenger traffic and greater demand for new, more fuel efficient aircraft. In other specialties, we continue…

[Operator Instructions]. Your first question is from the line of Emily Chieng, Goldman Sachs.

Congratulations on a good quarter. My first question is just around the recycled material that you're currently using in your portfolio. Can you give us a sense as to how much you are using? And then when you think about using scrap material as your raw material input, can you use that across every different end market? Or is there still demand for virgin alloy materials out there for different applications?

Yes. Good morning, Emily, and thank you for your encouragement with Q3. So scrap, yes, it's a very important input. We use about 600,000 tons of it. So clearly, there's -- and we ship 1.6 million tons of products. So there's a lot of opportunity for us to expand. And scrap essentially can be returned into virgin like material through our processes. And obviously that is costing some money. That's why we're buying it at a discount, but it's a very profitable undertaking, and that's why we want to expand our capacity. That's why we're announcing our project to grow that recycling by another 130,000 tons in the coming couple of years. Now we can use -- the amount of scrap that you can use depends on the chemistry of the scrap and the chemistry of the end products you're making. And some applications need more -- have a much less tolerance in terms of how much different ingredients or alloys can be in the material that you're selling to your customers. So as a rule of thumb, I mean, in can sheets, you can have very high recycled content. You can have some -- quite a bit of recycled content in automotive. In aerospace, it's more challenging, but we do recycle a lot of the supply chain scrap, right? So in terms of getting scrap generated in our process, downstream by the process of our customers. If we implement good closed group, we can recycle this into themselves. But typically, the aerospace alloys have very tight tolerances for chemical composition that make them more difficult to use recycled metal. And then the other niches, I mean, there's a different story there with some that can accommodate partly recycled inputs and others that are most struggling. But again, between the 600 we are using and the 1.6 million tons we're shipping, there is a lot of growth for us. And the 130 is certainly a big step, but it's not the last step in our journey to improve our recycled content.

And one follow-up, just around the magnesium discussion there. You mentioned you -- but it looks like 4Q and 1Q, you've got the material on hand there. But in terms of the cost inflation impact, how quickly can you pass that through to your customers?

Yes. So yes, as Peter said, I mean, we are in reasonably good shape in terms of availability. And wise to some of you, it may sound like visibility through Q1 is not great. Actually this is a market where a lot of the business is done on a quarterly basis. So we are not straying too far from historical practice. But yes, we're buying at a higher price than we used to. So it's going to be a headwind going into next year. I wish it wasn't there, but it is, so we have to face reality. I think it's difficult to say what the prices will be over the course of next year because, as I mentioned, most of it is done on a quarterly basis. And our ability to pass it through is you've got to think of it in a number of different ways. We have some contracts where you've got a direct pass-through, okay. We've got quite a few contracts where we've got general inflation protection. And as you know, there was already quite a bit of inflation in '21, general inflation, compared to 2020. And that will trigger price increases, broad-based price increases in '22. Then in the current environment we are in, we've also been able, in addition to pass-through of magnesium in some cases and pass-through of general inflation. We've been able to step up our pricing just because supply demand is helping us and we're providing good products and good reliability. And the markets are growing. So overall, there will be some timing effects, and not all of it will be able to pass-through in the year. But over time, we will recover what's happening ahead of us in 2022. So whilst again, there's plenty of moving pieces, I feel pretty comfortable that -- and I think Peter mentioned it that most -- we will be able to offset most, if not, more than most, more than all, the increase in the cost of magnesium.

Your next question is from the line of Josh Sullivan, The Benchmark Company.

Congrats on the quarter here. Just a follow-up on the recycling expansion here. The inflationary environment on the rise; how is the scrap market for aluminum looking? Is it getting more competitive? How do you guys keep a moat around that as you expand?

Yes. So I think we -- since we are talking about inflation. I mean, recycling aluminum is also a hedge against inflation, ultimately, right, because we get more of the process in our hands. The moat around recycling is the fact that we and people in our situation, right, are the most legitimate to ultimately own the scrap and convert it into metal because we've got the hot mills to make that product into something that customers can use. So I think what we're doing is we are kind of cutting the middleman because every aluminum, so sorry for rambling here. Aluminum is inherently profitable to recycle. And that's the beauty of the material we are with, right? If you try to recycle plastics, it is costly. If you try to recycle paper, it is costly. Aluminum, there is profit in recycling aluminum. So every piece of aluminum that's out there, that people care to recycle will be recycled because it is profitable. So what we do, think of it as we are cutting the middleman. We're getting access to the sources of scrap and putting it directly in our furnaces and converting it into the products that our customers want as opposed to that product going into somebody else's furnaces, but then they don't have the hot mill, and they can't make the product that the customers want. So I think this is a very defensible situation, a structural defensible situation because there's not that many hot mills out there. And certainly in the west, there hasn't been a new hot mill in the past 30 years. So we feel very comfortable that we are in a very legitimate place to make a lot of money by recycling aluminum.

And Josh, maybe just to jump in a little bit. I think it's -- we expect that it's not unreasonable to think that with the ESG trends out there that there will be increased recycling rates or pressure on increased recycling rates, which will, of course, create more scrap feed. And secondly, and I think importantly, when you look at the growth in the end markets that we're seeing, as we're kind of producing more aluminum for these end markets, there's going to be more scrap that gets produced that needs to be recycled. So I think there should be a bigger pool of scrap to draw from.

And then is there any arbitrage you guys can do between the North American market versus the European market given that you straddle both? I mean, can you move any of your magnesium supplies between the 2, if there's an arbitrage opportunity?

We can, if needed, but we don't think we really need to.

Yes. Yes. I mean, we really -- we like -- we think both markets have good fundamentals. And we really like the model that we've always articulated to you that we like to produce in the market, for the market, right? So to the extent that we can source our material in the market, then we will do that.

Your next question is from the line of David Gagliano, BMO Capital Markets.

Given that magnesium is a decent focus lately, I was wondering if you can kind of drill down a bit more into the magnesium commentary. I don't mean to harp on it, but just where does Constellium source its magnesium? Are there differences between North America and Europe? How much exposure do you have after the first quarter, you mentioned its quarterly contracts, but in terms of supply, not on cost, but supply availability in terms of visibility after the first quarter? And then -- sorry for all the questions. But then the last one is the mitigation efforts. You mentioned that you're taking mitigation efforts. If you could just talk a little more specifically about what those efforts are?

Sure. Good morning, David. Well, that's quite a question and a long one. So I'll try to cover it as best as I can and Peter will help me. So we buy magnesium from China, but we also buy from a number of other suppliers in other countries, which gives us some protection in terms of making sure we got the magnesium we need. That's why we are reasonably comfortable for the beginning of the year. And we -- in terms of mitigation efforts vis-a-vis the crisis. So the first one is everything -- so the broad diversification of our suppliers is the first one, which I just explained. Second one is we also use secondary mag, right, recycled magnesium, which is not exposed to what we're describing. The third one is by improving our use of our own metal recycling, we reduce the need for hardeners in general, right? The fourth one is by choosing to sell more or less of this or that product to the extent we can, that also helps us consume less magnesium because not all alloys give you similar magnesium, right? You have a factor of 1 to 10 in terms of mag content, depending on what product you're making. The fifth one, I guess, I'm at fifth, is conservation. Depending on our practices, we can conserve magnesium. And obviously the more expensive it is, the more incentivized we are to conserve it. And there's a lot of focus in our cash, just to make sure that we are conservative as best as we can. So all these give us quite a bit of, not leeway, it sounds a little bit too comfortable given the size of the crisis, but that gives us quite a bit of extended life for and the most security of supply and availability in the context of this crisis.

Yes. And David, the only thing I'd jump in to add is that, obviously, what we're trying to do is fill out the near quarters first. So it's not like kind of once you get past the first quarter, we have no supply at all. It's kind of tapers off from there. But I think based on what we see and kind of based on some of the -- at least the most recent news out of China, we feel like we'll be able to chip away at this as we move through the period or periods, sorry.

Just one quick follow-up and then another quick one after that. Just -- can you just give us a sense of the percentage of magnesium you buy directly from China versus the rest of the world? And if the environment was to stay where it is, can you give us a sense as to, I don't know if it's volumes or overall volumes or how much would actually taper off after the first quarter in terms of your ability to produce? That's my follow-up.

Yes, I don't think I want to go into too many specifics here because it's tough to be commercially sensitive. We are -- I would just say that we are less exposed to China than what they are, what they represent in total production in the world quite a bit. And when Peter is saying tapering off, as I mentioned, a lot of these contracts are quarterly, right? So we are now focused on making sure we get to Q1. The prices are very elevated. So we're a little bit less keen to secure Q4 volumes at the current prices, given the fact that we believe with all the measures we are describing and also the fact that the Chinese production is restarting, has restarted to some extent, we think the current shock will progressively taper off as well. So, we're having a balanced approach. We want to make sure that we are able to get the magnesium we need to supply our customers. And then we're trying to find the smartest way around making that happen.

And then just real quick, last one on my side. The 2022 inflationary cost pressures overall. Obviously, a lot of moving parts there. But is there a way to frame the potential for 2022? In terms of, for example, if we use the cost flex bar chart on Slide 11, just as a reference, given what you know now, what's a reasonable range for those cost flex bars for 2022 overall?

So David, I would say, look, what we're prepared to talk about today is kind of where we are for '21. And as we said in the prepared remarks, I think we feel kind of very good on '21 because we've locked in a lot of our -- or locked in basically all of our costs for '21, right? So in terms of key inputs. So for '22, there's a lot of things moving right now, and it's really premature to kind of try to frame it for you. And if we did, we'd probably be wrong. And I think we need a little bit more time to kind of come to some conclusions on it. Maybe just a few side points. If you take something like energy, we called out energy as an area where we have elevated costs kind of in the '22 Horizon. But remember, we buy our energy forward. We have kind of a multi-year look forward. So we're buying energy forward. So we're kind of layering in energy costs. So if you think about when energy prices really move this year, we had already bought a substantial portion of our energy costs for 2022 when that move happens. So yes, we will experience higher energy costs, but we can expect to layer them in over time, and it won't all impact '22. So anyway, hopefully, that gives you a sense on it, but it's just -- it's really hard to define '22 right now.

Yes and, I mean, as Peter was mentioning, there's plenty of moving pieces, and we're right in the middle of our budgetary process. So as we do every year, we will be able to give you a good feel for '22 when we publish our Q4 results, our budgets are behind us, and we know where we're standing. But today it's a bit premature.

And your next question is from the line of Curt Woodworth, Credit Suisse.

First question is just on the can sheet side. I know you made a lot of progress with respect to repricing some of these legacy contracts. But can you just give us an update on what percent of your contracts have been reset at higher margins? And secondarily, I know you've said in the past that you really wouldn't look to add any incremental capacity in meaningful fashion until kind of the base business is fully repriced. So can you also kind of discuss maybe timeline around future growth in can sheet? And would that be done in tandem with this recycling investment? And any color on the CapEx for the recycling investment?

Right. Okay, Curt. So on the pricing side, everything that we have renegotiated this year comes in at higher prices in can sheet, everything. So that's setting -- that is setting us up very nicely for '22, '23 onwards. What we're seeing is customers willing to engage in more strategic, longer term relationships, which we are welcoming because to your second question, I think, around capital investment, we want to have visibility over the long run and make sure that if we commit capital to new capacity, we don't commit it just because the markets are good today and may not be so good tomorrow. We want to be sure we have good returns on our investment that are backed up by a very solid contract with additional volumes at higher prices. And that's where we are now. So we expect -- we -- I think I mentioned that 3 months ago, we are working on every opportunity we can see within our plans to debottleneck, make reasonable investments in a brownfield fashion to increase our capacity. And we believe we'll be in a position to commit that to customers somewhere in Q1, Q2 of next year. And we will obviously update you as to where we stand by that time. So I think the backdrop in can sheet is very good, very solid, and that's very exciting for us in terms of our ability to grow pricing, which we've done and now grow volumes, which we need to invest towards. As we do that, we are very cognizant of the fact that deleveraging continues to be our #1 priority. So whatever we do will be done in a way that doesn't jeopardize our deleveraging journey. You kind of draw the parallel between the scrap recycling investments and can sheet. I mean, they kind of go hand-in-hand. But if you think of the scrap recycling investment, basically, we're building a new plant within an existing plant, right? So that's 2, 3 year undertaking, right? So we're targeting start of production somewhere in the second half of '24. Our debottlenecking initiatives in can sheet will be progressive and will increase our capacity sooner than that, and we'll continue further than that, right? So think of something that is not like a step change, but a more gradual increase in capacity, which is very good as well because you put a little bit of dollars into CapEx and you get a few pounds out of it and you continue feeding on the cash flow stream this way, and you make it very digestible for us in the company.

The only other thing is, you asked about CapEx. So what we've said historically, Curt, is that kind of rule of thumb, €1,000 per ton.

For the scrap.

Yes, for the scrap investment, excuse me. And remember that there are inflationary pressures around CapEx too. But we're keeping that in mind as we kind of go into this, and we're confident that the returns are going to be compelling on this investment. And to Jean-Marc's point, it will be spread over kind of 3 years.

And then when we look at scrap spreads, they've obviously widened here very dramatically the past 3 quarters, roughly on or about 30%. And you commented you have 600,000 tons of scrap processing. So can you comment on your ability to monetize that? I know historically, there's been some offsets with respect to third-party scrap that's from [indiscernible] you have a net loss there. But it seems like it'd be a pretty material tailwind for you.

Yes. So I think the scrap spreads you're referring to are the UBC, the used beverage can spreads. And yes, they have improved, but these are spot prices, right? And again, we run our business in a way where we don't want to be exposed all the time to spot prices. And we're happy we're not given -- sometimes they go the right way, sometimes they don't. So whatever happens is more muted than the spreads that you're reading on platform or whatever, right? And that's just one category of scrap, right? Other scraps may not behave the same way. It's scraps, right, in America, by the way, not globally. And then melt plus [indiscernible], as I mentioned a number of times, is -- has to be covered by that scrap spread. And depending on the different grades of scrap you're recycling, you have more or less melt plus [indiscernible]. And typically, those that have the wider spreads are the ones that have the higher melt plus. And as you know, I mean, aluminum prices are quite high these days. So the melt plus and the premiums are, so the melt plus, the cost of the melt plus is much higher than it was historically. So yes, I mean, overall, we are getting some scrap spread benefit. It's actually part of offsetting inflation when you think of it. But it's not as big as just looking at the scrap spread and assuming that 600,000 tons or whatever are supposed to that huge variation.

And then just one last one on auto. When we look at sort of the volume cadence even relative to '19, it's been down in the past couple of quarters. So it seems like, clearly, the chip shortage has been a big issue here. But at the same time, you've invested for growth. You've had some nomination growth in structures. Can you kind of frame what the upside opportunity is here in auto and except short indents? Any sense for maybe what is your utilization rate in auto relative to what you could ship if the availability was there?

Yes. You're right. I mean, we talked a lot about aero and kind of €100 million of EBITDA we're missing in aero, but auto is also not very good. And by the way, that's why I'm quite happy with the performance we are having this quarter because you look at it, back to pre-COVID levels, we're actually better than pre-COVID in Q3 and in Q2, despite aero being in the doldrums and auto being, suffering from the chip shortage. So the chip shortage, I think we mentioned €3 million to €5 million, and we are kind of a little bit in Q2, right? We're a little bit more than that in Q3. So call it, it's a €20 million headwind. And we don't know when it's going to subside. In addition, we can produce more and we are ramping up with new contracts. So we do have clearly north of €20 million on an annual basis of headwinds for lack of demand, constrained demand in auto. And we've got $100 million in can sheet. So -- sorry, not in can sheet, in aero. So you just had the 2 and you compare it to our guidance at $550 million to $560 million, we should be in a good place when markets return.

And your next question is from Corinne Blanchard, Deutsche Bank.

Most of my question has been answered. But just a few, I would say, follow-up. For magnesium, how much do you use? I believe this is mostly used for autos and can alone. Is that correct?

So it's used in -- mostly in can end stock, right? So the lid of the cans, and there is also some usage for automotive for inners, right, the inside panels and doors and that kind of stuff. Yes.

The 5,000 series.

Yes. In our jargon it's 5,000 series. How much do we use is a question we don't want to answer, and we can't really answer either because it really depends on what sources we're using, and that's part of the mitigation strategy, right? Some of it we buy kind of embedded in the sheeting girt or the billets we buy, some of it we buy directly and add to our casting recipes. Some of it is secondary mag. Some of it is -- depending on how we use our casting centers, we may use more or less of it. So -- and it's part of the secret sauce, right? So we are not going to give the detailed ingredient list.

I mean, fair enough on this. And just another question to go back to the recycling just in general. You said you are using a lot of the scrap and recycling for the can. Can you put like maybe a range of percentage? Is that as well -- is that 70%, 80% of the content that you use for recycle and auto would be maybe lower, like around the 50% range or?

Yes, I think directionally, you've got bodies in can sheet, even in can sheet you've got body stock has more recycled content than end stock has. Automotive has less recycle. So the number you are quoting around 70%, 80% is generally right for body stock and then everything else becomes lower and lower.

Just one last on my side and kind of shifting as [indiscernible]. So just shifting on IR space and, I mean, I think we are or most of the industry are expecting to see some improvement already starting 3Q, 4Q, and it seems it's taking longer. What's your view on the stocking? Boeing seems to have announced as well a slower ramp-up or build off rate earlier this morning. Just what do you think in terms of timing and maybe like the shape of the recovery going into 2022?

Yes. So I think last time I mentioned that we're seeing some green shoots, and we're continuing to see them. But they are not materializing yet in increases in volumes year-on-year. I mean, our Q3 shipments are less in aero than they were in Q3 last year. But that said, we are seeing destocking coming to an end. But it's important to notice, and especially for you guys that follow different companies and industries that not all of us happen to interject ourselves in the supply chain at the same point in time. So you may have destocking over in one category of material and still not finished in the other. What we believe is going to happen is we're getting close to the inflection point. Precisely pinpointing it is difficult, but it feels like somewhere in 2022, we should see with the increased bill rates that Airbus has published, we should see higher demand for our products, Constellium's products. And that's why I was commenting on the fact that we're expecting to see in the coming quarters, year-on-year increases in shipments. How it happens? I mean, historically, when destocking is over and restocking starts again, it can happen in a span of 8 weeks. So you don't see it coming in all of a sudden, you're ramping up production again. And that's what we've got to be ready for, and that's clearly, in addition to the great job that the AMT team has done managing on the way down. They have a significant challenge being readying themselves to ramp up very shortly at a very short notice, most likely sometime in 2022.

Just one more on that and if you can comment, do you expect an inflation front start in like 2Q, 3Q, more like mid of the year? Or is that something that you expect is still about like 9 to 12 months away from it?

Sorry, can you repeat the question? It cut out a little bit, Corinne.

Sure. For the inflation front and seeing improved volume into next year. Do you expect this to happen, I would say, 1Q or 2Q or closer to the second half of 2022?

I think we just don't know. I think on the inflation side, we will see some impact starting in Q1, right?

Yes.

That's indisputable. But we'll -- we'll see how it progresses through the year.

Yes. Yes, that's right. Definitely starting in Q1, and our hope would be, obviously, some of the transitory effects wane over the course of the year. So it moderates a bit.

And your next question is from the line of Matthew Fields, Bank of America.

I don't know if I missed it, but would you be willing to give some clarity on the timing of your $130 million investment? Is it '22 and '23 to get the facility ready for 2024? And I assume that this new facility will be at Neuf-Brisach?

Yes. So the timing is over 3 years. So '22, '23, '24, maybe a bit more in '23 than that would be in '22 and '24. But -- so maybe -- yes. So that would be the kind of profile.

But much less than '22.

Yes, yes. So most of it will be '23, '24. And the precise location is not fully decided yet for different reasons, but one of the reason is we've got different options, and we want to make sure we maximize our opportunity for subsidies.

For subsidy?

Yes. We're playing a critical part in the circular economy in Europe, and Europe has very great ambitions in terms of reducing their carbon footprint. So we're contributing to that, and we're hoping to be rewarded for it.

So there could be some kind of offset to the CapEx deployment?

Possibly. Yes, that's certainly the goal.

And I apologize for the 25th question about magnesium. But given that on -- at least on the can side, magnesium is heavier used in end and tab stock. Do you see some kind of negative mix impact in maybe 4Q and 1Q from your sort of mitigation efforts to kind of choosing to sell more of the products that use less of the magnesium?

Well, I mean, our first priority is to support our customers. So we'll see -- we'll work through that with them, right? But I can't really answer the question in great detail of certainty, sorry.

And good luck for the rest of the year.

And your next question and last question is from Sean Wondrack, Deutsche Bank.

Congratulations on the top ESG rating relative to peers by Sustainalytics. Quickly to start with aerospace for a second. I appreciate your comments earlier. And could you just remind us if you're placing the supply chain in terms of the lag to a new airplane? And beyond that, sort of how long do you think the restocking cycle, obviously, it operates at a bit of a lag to a new OEM being built. So if you could talk about that a little bit, appreciate it.

So on the aerospace side, in terms of the supply chain, it's probably -- we always say it's 12 to 24 months between the time that we produced with 12 being on the, obviously, the short side and the time that it ends up on an airplane. So -- and so that's kind of how we would answer that one. In terms of the recovery, which is I think what you're asking about, Sean. Once it starts, we see it as being a kind of a fairly gradual increase. And let me characterize this, a fairly gradual increase from the vantage point of kind of build rates. But the impact on our supply chain, it's like it has been in historical cycles, will be a pretty strong pull at the beginning, right, because the supply chain tends to drain itself. And then all of a sudden, the manufacturers need more material. So our expectation is that when they start to pull, we're going to see kind of a fairly strong pull until they get on a rate that is kind of close to approximating build rates.

And you've shown you have a pretty flexible business model. Are there any other sort of alloys that you're seeing out there that are showing potential supply constraints? And any weakness there in earnings, do you think you could potentially offset it with lower CapEx?

Well, so what I'd say is there are other alloys out there. You hear about manganese and you hear about silicon. But the order of magnitude in our mix is much lower. So -- and the -- our view at least at this point is that the risk around supply is much lower. So we're not super concerned about that right now.

And what is the interest cost savings year-over-year?

So - well -- so we will have -- we'll reduce our cash interest. We should be -- maybe the easiest way to answer this is that cash interest should -- next year should be right around $100 million.

And just last one for me. Are you still focused on generating cash and deleveraging aside from maybe the [indiscernible] investment here?

Absolutely. Absolutely. I mean, we take our 2.5x target very seriously and the sooner, the better. So yes. And as I mentioned, I mean, we've got plenty of exciting opportunities. We only need to make sure that we fit them into a glide path that takes us to 2.5x at a reasonable clip. So the recycling investments we're talking about in Europe, the expansion in can sheet capacity. None of that will threaten our objective to get to 2.5x sooner rather than later.

Well, thanks, everybody, for attending the call. And as I mentioned, I'm very pleased with our performance so far. I mean, we've come back to pre-COVID level despite aerospace, despite automotive. Surely in the future we're seeing inflation headwinds, but our pricing model and our work on making sure we get paid for what we make should offset most of that, if not more, most of that. So I'm very confident with our long term ambition, 2.5x leverage, and I look forward to updating you on our progress at the end of our -- well, at the beginning of next year. Thank you so much, everybody. Bye-bye.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for joining. You may now disconnect. Have a great day.