Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the First Quarter 2013 American Public Education Inc. Earnings Conference Call. My name is Caris, and I will be your coordinator for today. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this call is being recorded for replay purposes. And I would now like to hand the call over to your host for today, Mr. Chris Symanoskie, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please proceed.

Thank you, operator. Good evening, everyone, and welcome to American Public Education Conference Call to discuss financial and operating results for the quarter ended March 31, 2013. Presentation materials for today's call are available in the Webcasts section of our Investor Relations website and are included as an exhibit to our current report on Form 8-K filed earlier today. Please note that statements made in this conference call regarding American Public Education or its subsidiary that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements based on current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about American Public Education and the industry. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual future events or results to differ materially from such statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as anticipate, believe, could, estimate, expect, intend, may, should, will and would. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements about the second quarter and full year 2013, as well as other statements regarding expected future growth. Actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the risk factors described in the Risk Factors section and elsewhere in the company's annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC, the company's quarterly reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC and the company's other SEC filings. The company undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. This evening, it's my pleasure to introduce Dr. Wallace Boston, our President and CEO; and Harry Wilkins, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. At this time, I'll turn over the call to Dr. Boston.

Thank you, Chris. Good evening, everyone. I will begin today's call with an overview of our first quarter operating results and then a brief discussion about our approach to improving our quality mix of new students. Then Harry Wilkins, our CFO, will discuss our financial results in more detail and provide perspective on our outlook for the second quarter of 2013. For the 3 months ended March 31, 2013, net course registrations increased 9% compared to the prior year period, and net course registrations by new students declined 7% year-over-year. We are encouraged by better persistence among students who have successfully completed 3 or more courses and by recent trends indicating an improvement in the volume of net course registrations by new students, in particular by new students using VA benefits, Federal Student Aid and Tuition Assistance. We believe we're on the right track with the requirements we are making to our marketing mix of media and outreach spending in order to improve qualifications of our incoming students. We continue to shift and redirect our marketing efforts for the purpose of attracting students with greater potential college readiness and ultimately higher success rates. To accomplish these goals, we began to adjust our marketing mix away from traditional media in favor of interactive media and more targeted relationship-oriented campaigns. For example, we hired additional team members in our marketing/outreach department, which we now call strategic relationship development, bringing the total number of employees in that department to 25.5 FTEs at the end of the first quarter of 2013, compared to 19.5 FTEs at the end of the prior year period. During the first quarter of 2013, APUS became an education partner of the National Retail Federation Foundation, which will enhance our outreach efforts to the retail sector and the National Contract…

Thanks, Wally. Turning to Slide 6, our first quarter 2013 financial highlights. American Public Education's first quarter 2013 financial results included an 11% increase in revenues to $83.8 million compared to $75.8 million in the prior year. The revenue increase was primarily driven by growth in net course registrations as well as by increased revenue associated with the implementation of a technology fee for courses beginning after September 1, 2012. Operating income for the first quarter of 2013 increased 22% to approximately $18.2 million compared to $14.9 million in the same period of 2012. Instructional costs and services decreased to 33.9% of revenue in the first quarter of 2013 compared to 36.7% in the prior year period. This decrease was primarily related to cost savings from our ePress Online Library initiatives and greater use of ebooks and improved utilization of full-time faculty. Full-time faculty are required to teach a certain number of courses, and their salaries are generally fixed by their contracts with the university, whereas adjunct faculty are paid variable compensation depending on the number of net course registrations they teach. In response to the temporary suspension of military tuition assistance, we adjusted our faculty utilization, scheduling more full-time faculty per courses starting during the period of time when TA was suspended to better manage our instructional costs. The efficiencies gained by this adjustment may be reversed when full-time faculty members begin to meet their contractual requirements at a greater percentage of adjunct faculty utilized for instruction later this year. However, the company expects to continue the benefit of ePress initiatives throughout the year. Selling and promotional expense as a percentage of revenue increased to 19.7% of revenue compared to 19% in the prior year period. This increase was primarily related to higher costs associated with online advertising and…

[Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Paul Condra with BMO.

I just wanted to ask a follow-up, if you could give a little more detail on the impact of the sequester that you saw -- are seeing. Was it kind of where you thought that would be? And then the recovery, how quickly are you able to kind of regain that ground that you lost? If you could just talk a little more about that.

Sure. We don't have a precise number only because of the fact that it's difficult to estimate where we might have been in a month. But we know that if you take the average of January, February and March and look at the TA enrollments there for us that in the month of April, we lost approximately 5,000 enrollments compared to that average. We are regaining those enrollments in May, but we don't have May drops yet since this is the first week of class and we also don't have our June numbers yet. So we're hopeful that there's a chance that we can make it up, but we don't really know. The other thing that we don't know is that while a sequester was publicized on the military, it actually impacted government agencies. And we have a number of students who work for government agencies where they had a form of tuition assistance that was either suspended or cut off due to the sequester, and that was much more difficult to track.

And then was there some any kind of -- can we expect any kind of like incremental spend in marketing? I mean, are -- did you take any actions to kind of reeducate people that, that money is back, you can still get this funding? And I don't know if there's anything there we could expect in the second quarter just on the cost line.

Well, I think when we talked last quarter and gave guidance for this quarter and said that we are realigning our marketing spend, we said that it wasn't that we were totally cutting off some of our traditional spend, but that we were putting more emphasis on personal relationships and relationship marketing, as well as more targeted interactive marketing. So our spend, I would say, while we haven't given guidance on that for the second quarter, we'll spend what we need to spend. We did a great job of communicating. When the sequester hit, we didn't get very rash. We quickly were up with a video on our website, instructing students as to the alternative actions if they wanted to take them, such as VA funding and FSA. We also guided them to the specific guidance from each of the websites of the branches or the services that cut them off. And then once it resumed, we did a similar type action with video connections as well as outreach to the bases where we're allowed to offer hours on the -- visiting hours on the post.

I'd like to say also that in a quarter where 40% of our students lost funding for a certain period of time, we still are able to grow -- we're projecting to grow net income by 10% to 17% year-over-year. I think that we weathered that storm fairly well.

Yes, I wanted to ask about that because you have the -- the new course registration guidance is down, but that -- the revenues and the earnings estimates are really staying in there -- or guidance, sorry, is really hanging in there. So is it something that maybe we might see more of an impact in the second half of the year?

Well, I think you've seen from the first quarter and from what we're guiding to in the second quarter that our operating efficiencies that we talked about last year are holding true. And the other thing is that we have many initiatives going on way to diversify our student population. And based on year-over-year growth in the first quarter, we still did pretty well. And so we're very optimistic that we've got a lot of activities going on. We can't precisely project the impact because of what happened with the sequester, but we certainly feel comfortable that our affordability and our reputation for quality assists us with these initiatives.

Yes, and I think that the money -- what we're spending now on marketing is more geared toward relationship marketing, which is resulting in better quality of students. I think we're really seeing that. And that last year, if you recall, we were experimenting more with more television, radio advertising, more national media type things. And we found that the quality of the students that resulted from that, we were disappointed with. So the change in our marketing shift I think over the last 6 months is resulting in a higher-quality student. While the number of new students may not be as great as last year, we're convinced that the quality of students is there and that's why we're having solid financial results.

And your next question comes from the line of Peter Appert with Piper Jaffray.

So the shift in the marketing spend, Wally or Harry, obviously bumped up the selling costs as a percent of revenue this quarter. So should we think about that number continuing to edge higher on a go-forward basis?

Peter, we've been pretty firm over the years about talking about capping this number at 20%, and we -- we're pretty solidly hard line about that with our marketing department. While it did go up this quarter, I think part of the reason for the increase was just we're working on hiring more people to do that relationship marketing while we're still keeping spend up to bring in our own self-generated Internet lead. So -- as well as by the way, anyone who does lead gen can tell you that the cost per lead in this sector has gone up with many traditional institutions now doing lead gen for their online program. So I think we're doing an excellent job of continuing to manage this, and our target is still to not exceed 20%.

Okay, fair enough. And then, Harry, you said something I didn't fully understand about the shift in the financial aid processing causing basically a 1-week blackout in terms of new student enrollments. Is that correct?

Yes. We're going to bring financial aid in-house. Currently, we're using a third-party loan servicer to process our financial aid, and we're going to bring that in-house sometime during the second quarter. When we do that, it'll have the effect of basically shutting down. What happens is we have to cut off sending students to the third party. We have to let them process those students into the Department of Education COD system. Then we have to get it down a little of that information to the COD system into our new system, scrub that information to make sure it's accurate and then turn our system back on. That process will cause about a 5-business-day delay in processing financial aid students. Now, we're going to let our students know about that ahead of time. It will impact both new students and continuing students. We think overall, it won't matter that much. But there will be a -- the effect of that, I've seen it before when we've done something similar with other schools I worked with. The effect of that is really a 1-week delay in processing federal aid students. Now on the back side of that, we're going to save about $120,000 to $150,000 a month in costs by bringing it in-house and doing it ourselves rather than farming it out, plus we'll be able to control the process a lot more. So there'll be a lot of cost savings on the other end. But I do think there'll be a -- like a one-time deferral of 1 week of financial aid registrations.

And that's in 2Q, Harry, or 3Q?

The impact, we're making this in -- change either late May or in June, the impact will be on July registrations. So the change will be made in Q2, but it would probably impact Q3 registrations.

So a week of deferred revenue of enrollments could -- conceivably, that could impact the full quarter enrollment by, I don't know what the number is, 5% to 6%?

Not that much. I would think maybe more like 1% or 2%. Remember, financial aid students are -- and we don't know how many won't be able to register in the next month. So at the most, it will be about I don't think, 2% to 3% of -- one week's worth of financial aid will be 2% to 3%, I think, of revenue. But then we don't know how many will enroll in time to make that up in the quarter. It's only a week.

Wally, do you have a point of view in terms of your best guess on how that military tuition aid things are going to end up in terms of what the programs will be looking like?

The only thing that I know for certain is that the Navy has issued a press release. The Navy never stopped funding and then they issued a press release that they have money through the rest of the fiscal year. So unfortunately, the Navy is one of the smaller segments of Tuition Assistance. But most of the services and, I believe there was -- I think it was the Marine quarter who was the one exception indicated that they thought they were good for the rest of the fiscal year, which ends September 30. I think the Marine Corps, and I apologize that I don't have this right on the tip of my fingers, but I think they said they're on a -- they're watching it quarter by quarter in their funding. But the other thing, though, that we know is that they had said they would look at all benefits with Tuition Assistance. And so we still believe that the rumors that were out there before on what they might do such as either 75/25 or 100% undergrad and nothing for grad students, so you would use your GI Bill benefit, are still on the table. Timing, we don't know. And we also don't -- what we also don't know is whether or not the sequester will continue where if Congress and the White House will reach some type of a budget deal, which will negate the sequester.

And your next question comes from the line of Gary Bisbee with Barclays.

It's Zach Fadem for Gary. You did a nice job this quarter with persistence as a result of your new initiatives. Do you expect a similar improvement next quarter or do you think the impact of TA will turn that number negative?

We haven't tried to look at that. We're pretty confident that we're -- I think we're doing as much as anyone in higher education in general to manage persistence, particularly online adult students. We've got a significant number of initiatives. We probably -- collectively between those of us who actually public academic research, we probably published and present 6 to 10 papers a year. And we're very actively involved with the Gates-funded PAR project. So this is something that we just think is really, really important for anyone who's serious about delivering online education. And so we're proud of the fact that we've continued to get better numbers on persistence. At some point, though, that you -- when you're dealing with an open enrollment adult student population, you really run up against your cap with risk factors. We'll never have the same persistence rates than lead institutions do. But we feel pretty good, and we keep refining our product as well as evaluating opportunity just like this Fidelis investment that we think will make us much more special to online students than other institutions.

And our net course registration, I think, are solid. Our first quarter results were solid. I think our guidance for the second quarter is pretty solid. We're forecasting that the second quarter, 10% to 13% revenue growth in a quarter where we were hit negatively by that TA. Well, so I think that's pretty solid result.

Yes, absolutely. And you mentioned you're going to continue to expand the ePress initiative. I think you said you were at 75% of all your courses on e-books. Now when you plan to go to 100%, what's your time line there and do you expect a similar incremental cost savings impact? Would it be at the end of this year or would that be more in next year?

Well, I think ultimately, our real goal would be that over time, we could convert all of our resources to open resources and have 0 cost. I don't think that's possible to make that happen. But clearly, we made some improvements. We have targets. We have targets again, stretched targets for our academic staff to locate and find acceptable open sources as well as to -- our ePress allows them to write electronic text books. We have the funding for that. And if we contribute some of those textbooks to the open resource initiative, then we're allowed to access other textbooks other than contribute. So the goal was to continue to reduce the number. But I can't tell you exactly where we'll get to as much as we feel pretty confident that we'll continue to reduce it.

Yes, I mean I think the goal that we establish -- we said on academics 2 years ago that, to lay this out, we are spending more than $60 per student per class in textbooks, we asked them as a goal to try within 2 years to get us down to about $40 or less per class. And we're on pace to do that.

And just the last -- a final quick question. The last 2 quarters on your P&L, you've written down a small investment loss. I'm just curious what's going on there. Is that, that New Horizons investment that you made a few quarters ago? And if so, why write down an investment loss so quickly?

So we're accounting for that on the equity method. So their loss -- 20% of their gain or losses flow through to us on our income statement. So it's not really a write-down as much as it's us recognizing our share of their income or loss. Now they have positive cash flow, but because of the way the tax provision works, whether tax assets are higher than they're booked at and they're writing down a lot of tax, they really have this unusual tax effect. But they have positive cash flow, some book losses, which should turn around in the second half of this year. But really not -- the losses aren't that significant.

Okay. So this -- but this item will continue?

The line item will continue, but it should be positive by the second half of the year.

And your next question comes from the line of Corey Greendale, First Analysis.

A few questions for you. So first of all, looking at the guidance, it suggests that total registration growth will accelerate in Q2, which is a little counterintuitive given that you have a few quarters of negative new student registrations and the sequester impact. Can you just explain what drives that acceleration?

Sure. I mean, we announced that we were having a focus on marketing, bringing in better students. And we've had all of these retention and persistence initiatives. So that continues to be a focus of ours, and we're confident enough that we believe that we'll see a continued top line growth in the second quarter because of those initiatives.

Yes, and what -- you really don't need as many new students if they persist in taking more classes. One of the things that we're concentrating also on is to increase the number of classes taken by our good students and try to [indiscernible] those students. And I think that, that also helps. When you have one student taking -- a good student who takes 8 courses a year replacing a couple of bad students who were taking 1 or 2 courses a year, it does impact net registrations. Even though the actual number of new students may not be as high, you can increase your enrollment that way of courses taken.

Okay. And in terms of increasing the quality of students, is that primarily a function of your recruiting methodology? Or are you actually implementing kind of gating factors that students need to meet in order to enroll?

We have actually not implemented any gating factors across the board. We do have some in some of our specialty accredited degrees where they have minimum standards and requirements. And naturally, when we launched our BS EE this fall, we'll have certain requirements for students. They'll have to have calculus, for example. But we do continue to look at the source of students and how targeted our marketing is. We know that certain sources are better than others, and we'll continue to evaluate. But we've had a mission from our founder that we'd be an open enrollment institution, so we're not ready to call it off or anything. But we certainly have really focused much more on trying to find better sources than just relying on the market to provide the good sources coming to us.

Okay. And sort of on that topic, the students from cash -- the cash payout and other sources, it was down about 7% year-over-year, which -- you're going to be doing more with the relationship-driven marketing. One would think that will help drive that in a positive direction. So could you speak to why was that down and what traction are you seeing so far to the New Horizons relationship?

I think it's still soon for the New Horizons relationship. It's kind of complicated because in addition to working with corporate, we have to work with a lot of franchisees globally and domestically. But we -- I think the bigger issue with the cash is that we grew VA at 33% on a number, while a year ago, I think the number was 92%. So VA grew at a pretty high rate, our FSA grew at a double-digit rate and our TA actually grew. So when you have those numbers growing, cash, I don't have the exact number. But I think it was probably more flat from a cash perspective than it was from growth perspective.

Yes, and I think that it's just a factor of the economy too that even though people have fundings, we're seeing more TA students apply for FSA funds. We're seeing more people with corporate sponsors apply for FSA funds. Remember, a lot of our corporate sponsors require the students to pay in advance. And then if they get a certain grade, the corporation will reimburse them. But a lot of people are relying on federal funds for that financing source because just the way the economy is going right now, people don't want to spend cash, it seems like. So they'll take a cheap funding course -- they'll take cheap source of funding to -- and let it -- in lieu of laying out cash.

That's a good point. And just one last quick one. Were there any transaction or other kind of unusual costs in G&A in Q1 or is the $17.5 million a good run rate?

There were some transactional costs in Q1, but they were -- and as they were in the fourth quarter of last year. But we didn't think it was significant enough to break out.

Okay. So $17.5 million is probably a good run rate?

Yes.

And your next question comes from the line of Jason Anderson with Stifel. Jason P. Anderson - Stifel, Nicolaus & Co., Inc., Research Division: You commented on 2Q, I think, seeing some recent -- the recent trends anyway being back up on new registrations. Is -- I guess, can we talk a little more about that? And I mean, can we infer that, that means in the second half, there is some pretty good new registration growth that will get back to that?

Yes. We're seeing the trends are better. We had, I guess, we had a trend of negative growth for a while. We're starting to see some better trends. A lot -- some of that was mitigated by the TA situation. So I think that what we're seeing is a light at the end of the tunnel there. We're not saying -- we're not projecting anything beyond the second quarter at this point. But we do think that overall, our marketing -- relationship marketing efforts are starting to pay off and we're seeing a return to quality of students. And we're seeing a light at the end of the tunnel as far as enrollments of new students goes. Jason P. Anderson - Stifel, Nicolaus & Co., Inc., Research Division: And in regards to the persistence that we've been -- everyone's talking about here. The -- from the way we can look at it externally here, it was -- your guidance would suggest persistence being up several hundred basis points. Is that something we should use as kind of a run rate the rest of the year?

Again, we're not we're really -- we're out of the business of giving guidance beyond the second quarter. We're giving guidance one quarter at a time. So I think the results -- you can tell from the results that we're doing a better job of attracting quality students. And we don't see anything that's going to change that, but we're not giving guidance beyond the second quarter.

Right. But we continue to focus on initiatives that are designed to improve persistence. Jason P. Anderson - Stifel, Nicolaus & Co., Inc., Research Division: Great. And just the last one, could you touch on -- I mean, how is the progress going with expanding corporate relationships? And is there -- can we get a number on that? I'm not sure if you've commented on that in a while. And also, how is international billing, that initiative outside of the New Horizons?

While we certainly have -- we've brought some more -- in terms of numbers, I don't know the exact percentage, but we have an increased number in international students. We also increased the number of people in our strategic relationship to partner. We talked about that in the script. We're up to 25.5 people there versus 19.5 a year ago. We have -- we outlined some new relationships we had with corporations and associations that were signed in the first quarter. So they haven't borne fruit yet, but we're very comfortable that we'll get some students out of that. And we also outlined how successful we've been, adding 40 community college relationships in the quarter as well. So we think that our outreach relationships are working well. And we'll continue to focus on identifying opportunities and putting people in the field to work on increasing those because we really think they're a source of better students than the traditional media marketing.

And your next question comes from the line of Trace Urdan with Wells Fargo Securities.

Wally, you've mentioned a bunch of new programs that you're prepared to roll out. And I was struck by the quantity of them. And other HLC accredited institutions are telling us about a real slowdown in their ability to get HLC to approve new programs. So I'm wondering how long these have been in the pipeline and whether you're seeing that as well or having a different experience?

I think everything is dependent on the type of program you have and also how long you've been accredited, at least in the HLC, how long you've been accredited and how comfortable they are with whether that program is totally new from what you've offered in the past or it's fairly similar. So we typically spend more than a year developing our programs. In general, the BS EE, we spent over 3 years because we had to find what we thought was an affordable alternative to electronic labs for the circuits courses that are required in that program. So I don't think that I could say that approvals have slowed or that approvals have increased. I think there's a process that they have. I think they're following those processes. Are the processes tighter over the last 3 years than they were 5 years ago? Maybe. But I feel comfortable with the process and I feel very comfortable with our ability to work with the HLC in getting degree approvals when we're ready to submit them for approval.

Fair enough. I wanted to ask a little bit more, see if we could get a little bit more color on the Fidelis investment. Are you a large source of leads for them or does their business not work that way? And maybe you could talk about just what you see coming from that relationship. Does this deepen your involvement with them, the fact that you're investing in them? Do you guys have an option to buy somewhere down the road as a result of this investment? And what do you see is the drivers of growth in what they do?

Sure. We've known -- I've known Gunnar for close to 3 years. I met him for the first time out of the ASU innovation conference, and we have been talking. And really I think if you talk to him, and I would advise if you talk to him just to get it from his perspective, but we liked his platform but we thought that there was a lot of time with what have to be pursued to find individual students to be attracted to the platform. And in our case, we said what about letting us license the platform for use as an institution and look at your product that way. And I think it's caused him to shift that, at least in phase 1 of his development, it's actually a better idea to find institutions that are intrigued about the platform and the concept. And it is a rather innovative platform that allows students to be advised and counseled on both their degree completion as well as goals for careers and transitioning from working on a degree to a career. So that's the approach that he's taking and that we're taking and using the platform so there's really no referral of us to leave because I think that piece of his company strategy has shifted for now, and he's much more product focused. So I think with us piloting and then ultimately converting to the entire student population and includes military as well as civilians, that he'll probably have other institutions interested, if not interested already. And we made this investment as a minority investor, because we actually believe that the investment itself has the potential to help influence the progression and the successful completion of online students at a lot of institutions, and we just felt that it was much better for us to be a minority investor in that. And we'll see. I guess if the opportunity presents itself sometime and is really doing well, maybe we would own that technology platform. But right now, we think it's great to be in the position that we're in as a minority investor.

Does it move the needle from a marketing standpoint? And does it move the needle in terms of how the base education officers think about what you guys are bringing to the table?

I think it moves it from a persistence perspective once we're fully implemented, Trace. It may move it from a marketing perspective, particularly if we're the first mover using it. But we'll see. I think it's too soon to call that. But we believe from all of the interaction we've had with Gunnar and his team that it's going to be another ability of us to improve persistence. And usually when you improve persistence, you get more referrals from your students to prospective students. So perhaps it'll help with the marketing as well, but it's too soon to call that.

Okay. And then last question for Harry. Harry, I hear you saying that the transition, in terms of what you're spending your marketing dollars on, won't cause the total amount to go up or down necessarily. But I'm wondering if it seems I guess to have the effect of going from what would -- we would think of as a more variable cost to maybe more of a fixed cost. And I wonder if you could just speak to that element of it.

I think that that's true. We're a -- in many cases, we're replacing newspaper and TV advertising with people doing relationship building. However, we do monitor the cost very closely. And our -- we really have a stated goal, which we managed to live with. And we said it when we went public in 2007. We still say the same thing: We don't want marketing costs to get above 20% of revenue. We -- that's -- we certainly have budgeted that way, we continue to manage that way, and I think that's our story and we're sticking with it.

And your next question comes from the line of Adrienne Colby with Deutsche Bank.

I was wondering if you could talk a little bit about the expected charge that you're going to be taking in the second quarter related to legal and financial due diligence that that's related to.

Well, I think it's just -- it's significant in that year-over-year, it was higher than what it was in the second quarter a year ago. Also, the SEC came out with something that says you can no longer capitalize those costs. So we don't have it. If we had something to announce, we'd announce it obviously. But we continue to look at opportunities that we think are very synergistic for APEI, as well as APUS. And in the second quarter, we have a number that we thought was important to point out, so that we didn't cloud it and people think that we weren't achieving our operating efficiencies but that we had a notable difference.

Okay. So you can't comment if you're looking at something in particular or someone's looking at you, or any more color on that?

Sorry, I can't.

Okay. And I was wondering if you could comment a little bit more on the trends you're seeing in FSA or Title IV new registration growth. I know that that's been a pretty big drag, at least in the fourth quarter and the first quarter. If you're -- when we look at your guidance for second quarter, we can assume that there's either -- that's either flat or there is some positive offset to the lost tuition assistance enrollments or new registrations?

Yes. I mean, I think that -- if you look at Slide 3 and our first quarter highlights, we were showing FSA growth was about 11% year-over-year. And we're guiding -- I think our guidance gives credence to the fact that, with TA being so negatively impacted in the second quarter, that our FSA student numbers are doing just fine.

Okay. And I guess if -- you saw an increase in the number of relationships you have with community colleges, a pretty dramatic increase actually quarter-to-quarter. And it sounds like some comments from peers that that's becoming a very attractive target to a lot of 4-year schools. Just wondering if you could comment on what points about APEI are really resonating there, so it's something beyond just -- is it cost? What quality metrics they ask you for? What other factors they're interested in?

It varies. There are community colleges that seek us out, specifically for our affordability. There are community colleges that seek us out because every month, we offer 2,000 unique courses and 80 some degree programs. And net availability is much more frequent than their availability. We also offer a master's degree programs that, in some cases, are very relevant to their faculty. We -- in addition, provide a block transfer capability for them in specific degrees that, in some cases, even their own state 4-year institutions can't provide. So it's across the board. I would say that we've got a very well-seasoned team that does a good job of listening. We don't get super aggressive. We're not trying to find out names and call people, cold call them instead. We simply ask that we get invited to the transfer affairs that they have on campus. Some have them as often as 6 times a year. Generally, it's about 4 times a year. And we send our outreach people to those transfer affairs, and because of the either MOU, our articulation agreement that we have, we're finding some success. And I think a big thing in certain states that have had to increase their 4-year tuition is we're finding that our affordability resonates with a decent part of the population. And when you look at other for-profits, in many cases, we're much more affordable than they are.

Yes, and I think that we -- we really believe there's a need for kind of a national affordable public university. And we really think American Public University can become the university of choice for people who are seeking online education and affordability. Plus the now 92 degree programs, soon to be 93 degree programs, we can pretty much meet the need of just about any community college graduates out there unlike other universities. So I think that's what we have to offer, that's what we've talked to them about and that's what they'd buy into.

Great. And just as a follow-up, is it fair to assume that we might see more of an impact on the new course registrations in the fall term that most of the students tend to follow sort of a typical academic calendar, finishing in the summer and then enrolling in the fall?

That's true. Although, if you look at community college populations, they're pretty diverse. They have a traditional set that follows the September enrollment, and then they have working adults who take courses here or there to fill in. But that's -- our expectation is that as we sign agreements, we'll probably find them. The ones who are graduating or want the block transfer will graduate May or June and then look to start in the fall.

Yes, and we have -- I think we've consistently said that as we become more civilian, we expect to become more seasonal. And I think that will be the case.

At this time, there are no further questions in queue. And I would now like to hand the call back over to Mr. Symanoskie for closing remarks.

Great. Thank you operator. That will conclude our call for today. We wish to thank all of today's callers for participating and for your interest in American Public Education. Thank you, and have a great evening.

And ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude today's conference. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect. Have a wonderful day.