Daniel McGahn
Analyst · MLV
Thanks, Dave. In June, we announced that we signed a multi-phased cost-sharing arrangement with DHS to deploy AMSC's Resilient Electric Grid System into an urban electric grid in the United States. ComEd, Chicago's electric utility and one of the nation's largest electric utilities, has agreed to be the lead utility in the program. As part of the DHS contract, AMSC will also initiate a deployment plan with at least 2 other utilities in the United States.
The Resilient Electric Grid contract represents a milestone for AMSC. For more than a quarter century, AMSC employees have been committed to developing the quality and capacity of our high-temperature superconductor wire and manufacturing operation. We have also been focused on working with utilities to understand the challenges that they face so that we could determine how high-temperature superconductor, or HTS, technology could help them to overcome those challenges.
Today, we are able to make wire in significant quantities. And we believe we have a solution that can enhance the reliability and capacity of urban electricity grids.
Before I get into the application and benefits of the Resilient Electric Grid System, let me back up and tell you about how the product came to be and our relationship with Department of Homeland Security.
DHS recognizes the vulnerabilities of the electricity grid and the significant impact to our safety, security and economy if the grid is compromised. The Science and Technology Directorate, a division of DHS, outlined an initiative that included ensuring that electric utilities in the country have the tools they require to self-heal from power disturbance events and operate resiliently against physical and cyber threats.
In 2012, 8 million utility customers were without power when Hurricane Sandy swept to shore. Some were without power for weeks, and fuel distribution networks were paralyzed. The White House has estimated that power outages caused by severe weather between 2003 and 2012 cost the United States economy somewhere between $18 billion and $33 billion.
In March of 2012, an event at a substation in Boston caused a fire and a 2-day blackout in one of the city's busiest residential and commercial neighborhoods. Equipment failure caused similar outages at the same substation again in May of 2012 and in June of 2013.
In April of 2013, snipers opened fire on a substation in Silicon Valley. The former Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, or FERC, called the attack the most significant incident of domestic terrorism involving the grid that has ever occurred. The former Chairman believes that if a surprisingly small number of substations were knocked out at once, the entire system could be destabilized enough to cause a blackout that could encompass most of the United States.
Beyond physical attacks, hackers could take down the grid by disabling Internet communications and important pieces of equipment. According to a Wall Street Journal analysis of emergency reports that utilities file with the federal government, 13 cyber incidents have occurred in the past 3 years. This problem isn't unique to the United States. According to the Electric Power Research Institute, terrorist organizations were linked to 2,500 attacks on transmission lines or towers and at least 500 substations from 1996 to 2006.
Look, I could go on and on. It's clear that the electricity grid is essential to our safety, security and economy. But it is also clear that there is a problem. The electric grid is vulnerable to terrorism, weather and the failure of aging equipment. From a consumer's perspective, these problems may lead to a less reliable grid. This is why we believe the REG system is a transformational product for AMSC. We've worked extensively with a variety of partners to develop the REG system. We've developed the high-temperature superconductor wire and refined the manufacturing process. We've successfully proven the fault current limiting capabilities of the system. We've also worked extensively with ConEd, New York City's electricity utility, to develop the system operating protocols and design, as well as the overall protection and control.
We believe that we know how to integrate, operate and maintain the REG system in a real-time utility operating environment. In short, we believe the system is ready for a permanent in-grid installation. The intention of DHS is to get the REG system past the goal line so that it is commercially available for utilities across the nation.
Why would a utility want to invest in the system? We believe that the REG system has 2 primary applications: it provides protection against calamitous events, and it increases the capacity of the system, or some combination of these 2 factors. A utility may install the system today to increase reliability, but it will receive the ancillary benefit of future-proofing its system for tomorrow's capacity needs.
The REG solution interconnects nearby substations. Electric utilities measure reliability by establishing criteria such as n minus 1. N minus 1 reliability means that the transmission system can lose 1 critical piece of equipment and still provide power.
Many times, substations in large urban areas will have enhanced reliability criteria such as n minus 2. This means that they can lose 2 pieces of critical equipment and still provide power. As a result of this design, we expect that utilities will have redundant capacity, but that capacity is not accessible by the rest of the network. By interconnecting substations, utilities are able to utilize the redundant capacity that is already built into the system. This provides added reliability in the event that one substation is rendered unusable.
It can also increase load-serving capability during normal conditions. ComEd believes that linking its critical infrastructure to this superconductor cable system will provide added reliability, resiliency and security to Chicago's Central Business District. We have worked with the utility over the past months to determine if the REG system is right for Chicago's electric grid. Over the next 6 to 9 months, we will work with ComEd to develop a detailed deployment plan for installing the system into Chicago's downtown loop. During this time frame, AMSC expects to identify at least 2 other utilities that may be interested in the REG system and develop installation plans for them as well. We believe that this will allow us to develop a pipeline for future projects.
Let's next talk about the utilities' alternatives to the REG system. If a utility wants to increase capacity, then the traditional option is to build a new substation or expand an existing substation. Building or expanding a substation often requires the acquisition of land, which is an expensive proposition in the urban environment. New substations also require a new transmission line into the substation, new transformers and all the associated protection and switchgear. Depending on the city, expanding an existing substation or building a new substation can cost anywhere from tens of millions of dollars to hundreds of millions of dollars. Recently, it was reported that building a new substation in New York City would cost Con Edison in excess of $1 billion.
If a utility wants to increase reliability, there are 2 traditional options. The first is to build new substations. This will break the city up into more smaller pieces from a service standpoint. If one substation goes down, then a smaller section of the city is impacted. This marginally minimizes the risk at a high cost. The second option is to add more transmission circuits and distribution transformers, meaning the utility's reliability will go from n minus 1 to n minus 2, or n minus 2 to n minus 3 and so on. However, this will result in increased fault current levels on the system. To protect against faults, the utility will have to replace breakers or rebuild large sections of the grid to a higher voltage. Both of these options can cost into the billions of dollars.
The Resilient Electric Grid System is unique because it is expected to benefit both reliability and capacity without the high cost of land acquisition and challenges, such as higher fault current risk, that come with the traditional solutions. You may ask, why can't substations be connected with copper? Copper does not have the power density or the fault current limiting features required to interconnect substations. The REG solution is enabled by AMSC's second-generation, or 2G, superconductor wire. Our superconductor wire is made up of HTS material, which is sandwiched between 2 metal layers. When the wire is running in its normal state, the power flows through the superconductor element of the wire. A superconductor wire has extremely high levels of power density, which means that it can carry extremely large amounts of power within a very small cross-section of material. It is also inherently fault current limiting.
Faults happen when a piece of equipment, such as a transformer or copper cable, fails. It can also happen anytime there's a short circuit on the system, such as a tree branch touching an overhead line or lightning striking a line. During faults, extremely high levels of current, called fault current, flow into the grid. If not properly managed, fault currents can damage expensive pieces of equipment and cause power outages. AMSC's superconductor wire has a benefit over copper wire in that it is inherently fault current limiting.
When fault current passes through a superconductor wire, the current moves from the superconductor material to the outer metal layer. This causes the wire to instantaneously become resistant, which limits the fault current. Once the fault is cleared, the wire returns to a normal superconducting state. As a result, our unique superconductor wire is an inherently smart material.
AMSC is uniquely able to provide an HTS cable system with inherently fault current limiting capabilities. We have designed and patented the HTS fault current limiting cable design. We also have a portfolio of fundamental 2G HTS patents. Beyond the patent protection, our experience is unparalleled.
We have completed nearly a dozen HTS projects around the world, most recently our transmission voltage installation with Long Island Power Authority and distribution-level voltage installation into Korea Electric Power Corporation System.
Let's move on next to our D-VAR business. The D-VAR business addresses 3 primary end markets: industrial, electric utilities and renewable energy.
Industrial applications, such as mining operations, employ massive induction motors that can cause voltage instability on the greater power network. D-VAR systems can mitigate these types of issues and ensure high power quality for both the industrial customer and the grid operator.
For electric utilities, the D-VAR solution can help utilities carry more power through their existing transmission and distribution assets. It can also enhance transmission system performance and prevent widespread blackouts.
And finally, our largest customer base comes from the interconnection of renewable energy generation plants to the electricity grid.
We are successful in markets that have grid codes that require a D-VAR or D-VAR-like system to ensure the safe and reliable interconnection of renewables to the grid. D-VAR shipments were light during the first fiscal quarter. We anticipated the lower volume of shipment, and so we timed the transition of our D-VAR manufacturing operation from our Wisconsin facility to our manufacturing facility here in Massachusetts with the lower volume of shipments. This transition is well underway, and we continue to expect it to be completed by the end of this calendar year.
As I mentioned earlier, the D-VAR business has been impacted by macro factors in our core markets of Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. In Australia, the government is reviewing the renewable energy target. Until the decision is made, many of the renewable projects are on hold. We are continuing to track the projects in the region and maintain relationships with potential customers. In the United States and the United Kingdom, we are seeing early positive signs as well. But similarly, these positive signs need to turn into industry movement and, ultimately, D-VAR orders.
Moving on to the Wind business. Through our Windtec Solutions, we provide both products and services to wind turbine manufacturers. Our services allow manufacturers to rapidly introduce new wind turbines or upgrade existing turbine platforms to gain competitive advantage and market share. Our products, which we call electrical control systems, provide the brains for the wind turbine, allowing manufacturers to maximize their power output and lower the cost of wind energy.
In July, we announced the availability of our newest wind turbine design. It is a 2-megawatt wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 113 meters, which is larger than the rotor diameter of our previous designs. The larger diameter makes the turbine ideal for low-wind-speed regions. Turbines designed for such regions are expected to open up new markets in regions that are already saturated with wind farms.
India has a large number of sites with low wind resources. In China, we believe that low-wind-speed turbines near urban centers can reduce the bottlenecks on the transmission system that can be caused by the long-distance transmission of electricity.
Our wind turbine manufacturing partners that are in volume production are located in India and China. We kicked off the first quarter of fiscal 2014 with a $40 million order from Inox Wind, our wind turbine manufacturing customer in India. In July, Inox got approval for floating its IPO from India's securities regulator. The company is looking to raise about $160 million. Inox has also said that it aims to execute 500 megawatts worth of orders by March 31, 2015. According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance, Inox has installed or is in the process of installing more than 400 megawatts to date. In addition, Inox announced in June that it secured a 170-megawatt order from a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley.
In China, wind market growth has resumed for the first half of 2014. With our partner JCNE, we remain focused on working with them to successfully execute on a project that it recently won with one of the country's 5 major power producers. Success in this project may open up the market for their wind turbine products. This, in turn, is expected to enable JCNE to reduce existing inventory and take on additional contracted shipments. We're also working with JCNE on the development of a 3-megawatt and 5-megawatt full-conversion wind turbine.
We spent a lot of time today talking about the REG contract. This is because we believe that this announcement represents an important transition for the company. Since our inception, we have been committed to the development, demonstration and deployment of HTS-based grid system solutions. Now we are taking the first steps towards a permanent in-grid installation into one of the nation's largest metropolitan areas.
As we embark on this project, I'd like to reflect on how we have gotten here. Our employees have taken a material from its discovery to the creation of a system-level commercial grid solution that is capable of solving some of the most challenging issues facing the urban infrastructure today.
Sure, AMSC has been through its shares of ups and downs, but through these, our employees have remained committed, focused and driven. I couldn't ask for a more hard-working, intelligent group of people to work with, and I look forward to working with them to make AMSC's next chapter successful.
With that, Steve, I'd like to open up the line to questions.