Thanks, Michael, and thank you, everyone, for joining the call. I will now walk you through our financial and operating results. Please note that all financial data I talk about will be presented in RMB terms. I would like to remind you that the quarterly results we present here should be taken with care. And reference to our potential future performance are subject to potential impacts from seasonality and one-off events as a result of the series of regulations introduced in 2021 and corresponding adjustments to our business model, organization and workforce.
In the second quarter, the company proactively tackled the challenges and seized new opportunities to maintain our growth momentum and secure our competitive edge in the market. The consistent progress made by our new businesses is clearly reflected in our financial performance. Our revenue rapidly rebounding over the past quarter, we recorded net revenue of RMB 69.2 million for the second quarter of 2023 compared with RMB 9.27 million in the first quarter of 2023, representing a 6.5x of increase. The net loss for the second quarter of 2023 was RMB 47.9 million, significantly narrowing from the net loss of RMB 92.5 million in the first quarter of 2023. And adjusted net losses have considerably narrowed moving from a loss of RMB 64 million in the first quarter of 2023 to RMB 28.6 million on a non-GAAP basis. This indicates effective cost control measures and enhancements in operating efficiency.
Furthermore, our gross margin has further improved to 48.3%, recovering to a normalized level. This demonstrates the profitability and resilience of our business model. As of June 30, 2023, we have cash reserves of RMB 586 million on our balance sheet, providing sufficient funds for future development. Next, I will go through our second quarter financials in greater detail.
Our net revenues for the second quarter of 2023 were RMB 69.2 million, representing a year-over-year decrease of 48.1% from RMB 133.5 million in the second quarter of 2022 and a 6.5x of increase on a quarter-on-quarter basis compared with RMB 9.27 million in the first quarter of 2023. This is mainly due to the reduction in net revenues from other educational services as we focused our resources to our core teaching and learning SaaS business.
Our cost of revenues for the second quarter of 2023 was RMB 35.8 million representing a year-over-year decrease of 43.9% from RMB 63.8 million in the second quarter of 2022, which is largely in line with the decrease in the net revenues. Gross profit for the second quarter of 2023 was RMB 33.5 million, representing a year-over-year decrease of 52.0% from RMB 69.7 million in the second quarter of 2022.
Gross margin for the second quarter of 2023 was 48.3% compared with 52.2% in the second quarter. Total operating expenses for the second quarter of 2023 was RMB 91.3 million, including RMB 19.4 million of share-based compensation expenses, representing a year-over-year decrease of 12.1% from RMB 103.8 million in the second quarter of 2022.
Loss from operations from -- for the second quarter of 2023 was RMB 57.8 million, compared with RMB 34.1 million in the second quarter of 2022. Loss from operations as a percentage of net revenue for the second quarter was negative 83.5% compared with negative 25.5% in the second quarter of 2022. Net loss for the second quarter of 2023 was RMB 47.9 million compared with net loss of RMB 26.4 million in the second quarter of 2022. Net loss as a percentage of net revenues was negative 69.2% in the second quarter of 2023 compared with negative 19.8% in the second quarter.
Adjusted net loss, non-GAAP, for the second quarter of 2023 was RMB 28.6 million compared with adjusted net income of RMB 3.6 million in the second quarter of 2022. Adjusted net loss, non-GAAP, as a percentage of net revenues was negative 41.2% in the second quarter compared with 2.7% of adjusted net income as a percentage of net revenues in the second quarter of 2022.
Please refer to the table captioned Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to the most comparable GAAP measures at the end of this press release for a reconciliation of net loss under U.S. GAAP to adjusted net income and loss non-GAAP.
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and term deposits was RMB 585.7 million as of June 30, 2023, compared with RMB 639.5 million as of March 31, 2023.
As we look to the future, the drive towards educational digitalization continues to surge. There is a widespread consensus that deeply integrating information technology into our teaching systems will fundamentally revolutionize traditional educational philosophies, models, content and methodologies. Going forward, 17 Education & Technology will persist in leveraging its central strength through a decade of accumulated big data and AI technologies aiming to empower classroom on a large scale and a regular use basis through digital means.
By integrating diverse learning situation data drawn from a variety of scenarios, we aspire to comprehensively establish academic data profiles for students, supporting the digital transformation and high-quality development of regional and school education.
With that, that concludes our prepared remarks. Thank you. Operator, we are now ready to begin the Q&A session.