Westport Fuel Systems Inc. (WPRT) Q2 2023 Earnings Report, Transcript and Summary

Good morning. My name is Myra and I'll be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Westport Fuel Systems Q2 2023 Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]. Thank you. Ms. Ashley Nuell, you may begin your conference.

Good morning, everyone. Welcome to Westport Fuel Systems second quarter conference call for the 2023 fiscal year. This call is being held to coincide with the press release containing Westport's financial results that was issued yesterday. On today's call, speaking on behalf of Westport is Chief Executive Officer, David Johnson; and Chief Financial Officer, Bill Larkin. Attendance on this call is open to the public, but questions will be restricted to the investment community. You are reminded that certain statements made on this call, and our responses to certain questions may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. and applicable Canadian securities laws. And as such, forward-looking statements are made based on our current expectations and involve certain risks and uncertainties. With that, I'll turn the call over to you, David.

Thanks, Ashley. Good day, everyone. I'm pleased to be with you to review our 2023 second quarter results. Today Bill and I will walk you through an overview of those Q2 results, also an update regarding our growing LPG business. And finally, I'll speak about our planned HPDI joint venture that we and Volvo announced in July, as this marks an important inflection point for Westport's HPDI business. On a consolidated basis, Westport delivered record revenue of $85 million, up 6% compared to last year. In addition, we continue to deliver improving gross margins, both in dollar terms and as a percent of revenue. This quarter's top-line record result was primarily driven by increased sales volumes in our delayed OEM, electronics and fuel storage businesses and additional revenues in our independent aftermarket business due to increased sales volumes in Africa, Eastern Europe, and South America. These are partially offset by lower sales to our light-duty OEM customers in India and lower sales volumes in our hydrogen and heavy-duty OEM businesses. Regarding sales volumes in our heavy-duty business, earlier this year, our European HPDI launch partner Volvo, announced that they would launch new bio LNG fueled trucks with more horsepower, increased efficiency, lower emissions, and an extended driving range. As is typical with new product introductions, we expected this model change to result in lower sales volumes leading up to the launch and higher volumes following the launch. We saw exactly that in the second quarter, and we're looking forward to the volume ramp starting later this month and continuing into and beyond Q4 of this year. We've said for some time that we're a leader in the LPG space and that demand for our clean low-cost LPG solutions continues to grow. Our announcement yesterday morning fully confirms our leadership claim. As a direct result of our excellent products and technical services, we've added to our previously announced Euro 7 supply agreement, and as a result, we'll become the exclusive supplier of Euro 7 LPG fuel systems to our customer, a leading global OEM. As we announced about a year ago, we'll begin delivering Euro 6 LPG systems to this customer in the fourth quarter of this year, and we'll continue to supply them as Euro 7 comes into effect. These supply agreements for Euro 6 and Euro 7 LPG systems add materially to our revenue and market share, and leverages our existing engineering and production capabilities. As a reminder, the Euro 6 deliveries begin in Q4 of this year and will generate revenues of €38 million over the following two years. The newly announced supply of Euro 7 LPG systems is forecast to generate revenue of €63 million through 2028. This increases the total revenue generated from LPG fuel systems supply agreement for Euro 6 and Euro 7 with this OEM to approximately €255 million. We look forward to the opportunity to continue supplying our new customer for the longer term, that is beyond 2028 and in markets around the world. The ability of our alternative fuel systems to provide customers an affordable way to use cleaner low-cost fuels is also driving growth in our delayed OEM business. More OEMs are taking notice of our fuel system products and vehicle conversion abilities. We grew delayed OEM sales volumes again this quarter as compared to Q2 of last year due to increasing supply of LPG systems to DR Motors. DR Motors has been growing strongly during the last few years by offering low cost LPG fuel vehicles in the Italian market. Recently, they've accelerated their growth by adding sales in Spain and Eastern Europe. As demand for LPG fueled vehicles increase across Europe, DR Motors has been gaining market share. We're pleased to be the key supplier of LPG fuel systems to DR Motors. We expect the LPG market to continue growing as the LPG price advantage is substantial in many of our key markets. As an example, in Europe, we've seen an LPG price advantage that equates to in U.S. dollar terms, more than $6 per gallon for customers who fuel with LPG compared to those who fuel with gasoline. This kind of LPG price advantage is playing a key role in consumers' decision making, and Westport has the products to respond to this growing customer demand. OEMs are also taking notice of this increasing demand, which we'll expect will persist in a variety of markets globally for decades to come. Although our heavy-duty business experienced an expected volume slowdown this quarter, we see a very bright future for HPDI. HPDI is the most affordable and practical product for reducing carbon emissions in long-haul and heavy-duty applications. LNG pricing in Europe has returned to an advantageous position relative to diesel fuel. And this price advantage is a key driver of fleet demand, enabling fleets to run on cleaner fuel with reduced operating costs that is lower TCO, the key metric for fleets. And our planned HPDI joint venture we expect to accelerate the commercialization of HPDI globally. Following five plus years of field experience with HPDI, Volvo has given Westport HPDI a big vote of confidence. The planned joint venture with Volvo is expected to elevate HPDI's market relevance and enhance our competitive position, expand our reach to a wider customer base, drive growth and innovation by pooling resources and knowledge and strengthen Westport's financial position. When the definitive agreements are finalized, Volvo will purchase 45% interest in the JV directly from Westport for $28 million. Following the closing planned for early next year, as the JV meets certain milestones, Volvo will pay Westport an additional or up to $45 million. With a lot of work ahead of us, both teams will be working diligently to meet our target launch date in the first half of 2024. In the near-term, I do want to highlight that we're pleased with the agreed pricing structure that will drive improved HPDI profitability this year for Westport and the future for our JV. Volvo has outlined their strategy to focus on three different technologies, battery electric, fuel cell electric, and internal combustion engines with biofuels. Our HPDI joint venture will secure the long-term future of the internal combustion engine with biogas now and hydrogen in the future. We recognize that our HPDI fuel system offers the most affordable and practical solution to respond to both environmental demands and fleet performance requirements. HPDI enables the internal combustion engine to perform like or better than the diesel engine that the industry has counted on for decades. Today, almost all trucks on the road depend on the internal combustion engine and almost all, which means way too many of those engines run on high carbon diesel fuel. Using HPDI allows diesel engines to use cleaner fuels, delivering environmental benefits with economics we can all afford. Both Volvo and Westport are committed to attracting new customers globally to adopt HPDI, primarily in long-haul and off-road applications. Since the announcement last month, our conversations with global OEMs have been very positive, including with OEMs in Europe, China, Japan, and North America. Through this partnership, Volvo is demonstrating their commitment to the future of HPDI and we're inviting other OEMs to join them. In addition to the conversations we've had, work on the HPDI development program is currently underway and is progressing well. This includes our work with Scania as well as two other OEMs who are testing and evaluating hydrogen HPDI on their engine platforms with both hydrogen and methane fuels. Focusing quickly on the near-term, as I've previously mentioned in this call, HPDI volumes saw an expected decrease in the second quarter, which was mainly attributed to the Volvo's model change, we do see orders picking up. As a reminder, factories in Europe are closed for about four weeks in the July, August period. Therefore, we don't anticipate seeing the full impact of this ramp up in volumes until the fourth quarter. Looking ahead, we remain confident that Westport is offering solutions required by head-duty OEMs in order to meet future emissions reductions requirements, while delivering the efficiency and performance being demanded by their fleet customers. As LNG pricing reestablishes a persistent advantage versus diesel and as the 2025 emissions regulations and associated penalties for OEMs loom, the growing realization is that affordable low-carbon solutions like HPDI are required to meet emissions targets. HPDI is reducing emissions today with thousands of trucks already on the road. We're confident that we can continue to grow these volumes. With that, I'll hand off to Bill to walk you through our financial results.

Good morning and thank you, David. In the second quarter of '23, we generated our highest ever quarterly revenue of $85 million, a 6% increase compared to Q2 2022. Our core businesses had a strong quarter, including our delayed OEM, electronics and fuel storage businesses, as well as our aftermarket business, which together more than made up for an expected but significant decline in HPDI systems sales. Our gross margin increased to $14.4 million or 17% of revenue for the second quarter of 2023, compared to $10.5 million or 13% of revenue for the same quarter last year. The 37% improvement in gross margin dollars was mainly due to higher sales volumes across multiple businesses and increased gross margin in our heavy-duty OEM business driven by higher spare parts sales, unit pricing on HPDI systems and the engineering services revenue. However, our gross margin was negatively impacted from higher production costs that continue to impact our business stemming from global supply chain challenges and inflation, specifically on logistics and labor costs. We're continuously working with our customers to pass through the impacts of cost increases where appropriate. A couple of other important highlights that I wanted to touch on, which some of, David has mentioned. Early in the quarter, we entered into an agreement Cartesian to terminate the initial financing and consent agreement in exchange for mutual releases of any future obligations. This would include the release of the security interest in our HPDI 2.0 fuel system intellectual property. During the second quarter, we paid $8.7 million resulting in the settlement of the $5.8 million minimum royalty payable balance and we recorded a loss on extinguishment of royalty payable totaling $2.9 million. We finalized a share consolidation in June which led to the regaining of compliance with NASDAQ's minimum bid requirements. And finally, we signed a non-binding letter of intent with Volvo to establish a joint venture to reduce CO2 emissions from long-haul transport utilizing our HPDI technology. This is a transformational event for Westport and is expected to not only put us on solid financial ground, but the partnership is also expected to create more opportunities to support a brighter global growth outlook for HPDI. Moving to the next slide, in Q2 2023 adjusted EBITDA was a loss of $4 million compared to a loss of $4.3 million in the same period last year. The improvement in adjusted EBITDA loss was primarily due to higher revenues and an improvement in our gross margin. Higher total SG&A expenses partially offset the increase in revenue and gross margin for the quarter, which is primarily driven by increased activity for trade shows and exhibitions where we highlighted our HPDI fuel system technology in North America and Asia. We also had an increase in our corporate SG&A driven by increased consulting and legal fees related to ongoing corporate projects, including the activity related to the letter of intent with Volvo. We expect legal and consulting fees to increase in the second half of the year as we move forward with setting up the JV with Volvo. On the next slide, OEM revenue for the second quarter, this year was $52.4 million compared to $54.3 million in the second quarter of last year. As I mentioned, we highlighted in our first quarter call that we anticipated a decline in HPDI fuel system deliveries leading into Volvo's updated products release later this year, which is a more powerful option with extended range. We also experienced a decrease in revenue due to lower sales to customers in India in the light-duty OEM business and lower sales volumes to our hydrogen customers. These declines in revenue were partially offset by increased sales volumes from our delayed OEM, fuel storage and electronic businesses compared to the same quarter last year. Gross margin increased by $3.7 million to $8.4 million or 16% of revenue in the second quarter this year, as compared to $4.7 million or 9% of revenue in the second quarter of last year. In addition to the increases in revenue mentioned above, gross margin was positively impacted by improved gross margin in our heavy-duty OEM business from higher spare parts sales, unit pricing on HPDI systems and engineering services revenue. This is partially offset by higher production input costs. Gross margin, gross margin percentage from our HPDI fuel system products will vary based on production and sales volumes, level of development work and successful implementation of initiatives to reduce component cost. As LNG fuel prices continue to trend positively against diesel and Volvo releases their updated HPDI equipped engine that delivers increased horsepower, improved emissions and extended range, we anticipate volumes to begin improving later in Q3, Q4 being a full quarter at higher volume levels. Also, we continue to see a significant improvement or reduction in our warranty claims. And during the second quarter, we do not have any adjustments to our warranty provision outside of our normal warranty estimation rule process. On the next slide, independent aftermarket, the IAM revenue for the second quarter this year was $32.6 million compared to $25.7 million in the second quarter last year. The increase in revenue was driven by higher sales volumes in Africa, Eastern Europe, and South America. Gross margin increased by $200,000 to $6 million or 18% of revenue in the second quarter this year, as compared to $5.8 million or 23% of revenue in the second quarter last year. The increase in gross margin dollars is related to higher sales in South America. And the decrease in gross margin percentage is driven by lower margin sales mix and increased material costs. Looking ahead, supportive LPG pricing continues to boost the demand trend in Europe and it's an important area of growth for our company in the years ahead. In the fourth quarter of this year, we began production for our previously announced work with a leading global OEM for the supply of LPG fuel systems. Finally, I'd like to touch on liquidity. Our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $19.7 million during the second quarter of 2023 at $52.3 million. A decrease in cash during the second quarter is primarily driven by $18.5 million net cash used in our financing activities consisting of the $8.7 million settlement of the royalty allegation, a reduction in borrowings under our revolving financing facilities and scheduled principal payments on our term debt. We did realize a significant improvement in cash used in operating activities in the second quarter, which declined to $41,000. This is compared to $16.5 million in the same quarter last year. This improvement was driven by a change in working capital, specifically in accounts receivable and prepaid expenses. We continue to take actions to monetize existing inventory and optimize inventory levels to further free up cash, a net positive for our balance sheet going forward. Given the large one-time payment in the second quarter, cash used was higher than normal. Although we believe we have sufficient liquidity to continue as a going concern beyond August '24, long-term financial sustainability of the company will depend on our ability to generate sufficient positive cash flows from all of our operations, specifically through profitable sustainable growth and from the ability to finance our long-term strategic objective and operations. Our recent HPDI JV announcements with Volvo is an inflection point for Westport financially. Volvo's payment for their 45% share with the joint venture includes an initial $28 million and an earnout of up to $45 million, which is a clear signal of their commitment to the future growth of HPDI. And this also helps shore up our balance sheet. The joint venture is focus on driving global adoption of HPDI, in the long-term improves efficiencies and scale, while in the short-term we have a partner to share in the required investments including working capital and capital costs. We'll continue to be prudent in our liquidity management and multiple steps are being taken to do so. Additional debt remains an option as we look to solidify our balance sheet. We continue to do what is necessary to ensure we are adequately and fully capitalized. Thank you. And with that, I'll turn it back to David.

Thanks, Bill. I'll close with a few comments and then we'll take your questions. Our products are making material impact on the decarbonization of the transportation industry, and the magnitude of this impact will only grow as we get these products into the hands of more customers. Westport's core business is strengthening. Year-to-date our delayed OEM business is achieving growth of almost a 100% with more growth on the horizon. In Q4, we'll launch our Euro 6 LPG systems for a global OEM, and we expect the growth of that business in the next three years will significantly add to our top-line and bottom-line. The announcement of our expanded scope to be the sole supplier of Euro 7 LPG systems for this OEM is confirmation of our position as a leading supplier to the industry. In our independent aftermarket business, pricing for LPG is favorable in many markets around the world. However, the impact of inflation is weighing on demand in some areas. Yet, in light of these complex market conditions, our high quality, cost-effective direct injection technology continues to be an industry leader and is driving increased market share. For any startup or entrepreneur, market validation is a key marker of future success and an event that can be decades in the making as it has been for us. The planned HPDI joint venture with Volvo is transformational for Westport, and it's expected to unlock the future of HPDI. With this announcement, we secured the recognition of our customer Volvo and the clarity that they want to invest in HPDI and join us on this journey of accelerating growth. HPDI will be a huge part of the future commercial transportation market. This new era will be one of success with new customers, new projects, more volumes and lower costs. Finally, enhancing our financial performance has been the key focus in 2023, included but not limited to driving margin expansion, revenue growth, and technology development. We continue to see improvements as we secure new contracts and adjust our pricing where we can. We also continue to do what is necessary to ensure we're adequately and fully capitalized. The planned HPDI joint venture will go a long way to solidifying our financial viability, given we now have a partner in place to share in the development costs. And with that, I'll turn it over to the operator to open the call for your questions.

[Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Colin Rusch from Oppenheimer.

With the Cartesian debt retired, can you talk a little bit about some of the incremental flexibility that you have in terms of other instruments around liquidity?

Sure, I can deal with that. As part of the Cartesian agreement relationship, the security over our HPDI and other assets, as you're aware, we -- in connection with our path forward on setting up the JV, that we needed to free up that IP. That's going into the JV itself. Also -- so that's one of the reasons behind that. Second, it does give us flexibility from financing standpoint. In terms of freeing up collateral, that we could potentially pledge once that gets into the JV, as well as other collateral. So it does give us quite a bit of flexibility by paying that off and evaluating other debt financing opportunities.

And then with the announcement of the JV, obviously you were able to make a -- an incremental announcement around the LPG adoption. What can you say about customer engagement, willingness to work with you guys, now that you've got a clear path for folks all the way to zero emissions on the solution perspective? Are you seeing incremental demand and interest in some of the natural gas solutions as you've gotten that news out into the market?

Colin, thanks for the question. It's a super interesting point. I think a great time for Westport. We've been working in HPDI for a long time, but to have Volvo join us in the journey and really put their marker and bet on this technology for the future is a very positive sign to the other players in the industry. And so we've already heard that feedback as we talk with our existing customers and other customer prospects around that role, that HPDI will play today with biogas and with LNG and tomorrow with hydrogen. And as you know, we've got hydrogen engines running in our test cells and it running in other people's test cells around the world. So we see a very, very bright future and having our customer after all these years of the work we've done together and the experience they have in the field, come forward and say we want form a joint venture with Westport, super, super exciting for us.

Your next question comes from the line of Amit Dayal from H.C. Wainwright.

Just on the HPDI JV with Volvo, how should we think about this impacting the sales pipeline for this offering between now and when the JV is operational?

I guess, Amit, I would say that -- thanks for your question. I don't expect a huge catalyst in the near-term. I really expect a huge catalyst in the long-term as we sign up more customers to do the necessary development work to bring product to market. So the pipeline right now is basically Volvo in terms of production and then reach with launch in the near future. And then customers following that, that are working on hydrogen HPDI today.

And then just moving on to some of the operational aspects. Looks like, some of the higher input costs are not yet being fully transferred to customers. Is this something that will get resolved in the near future?

Yes, for sure. We see inflation, inflation in energy costs, inflation in labor costs and inflation in material costs. And when we can pass those on to customers, we do. And I would tell you that's an ongoing process. So there's always some lag in terms of what you're able to bring back the price in the marketplace. And so we have to be very careful about that too, because our products are really bought for an environmental benefit, but also for an economic benefit. And so if it costs too much to buy the product, it reduces the economic benefit. So this is something we have to be careful with and manage carefully and it's our daily work of our sales team with our customers around the world to pass on what we can pass on and to make sure our product is still competitive in the marketplace.

Just last one from me. In terms of the near-term outlook, looks like this model transition at Volvo. Should we assume that maybe 3Q will be a little bit lower than 2Q sequentially in terms of revenues?

No, I think -- go ahead, Bill.

I was just -- I was going to say, when you look at from a consolidated basis, typically our Q3 is historically lower than Q2 just because of the seasonality of our business with respect to -- so that's one piece of it, which does impact our heavy-duty business and deliveries of systems. As we mentioned, we do expect Volvo start delivering the updated version of the truck with our HPDI system on it in Q3, and that'll ramp up through the end of that quarter and then start moving full steam ahead in Q4. And then the other piece too I think David mentioned it is, we -- it's -- we've got better sales in there, which continue to increase over time as we get more and more trucks on the road. Also engineering services, we're getting at a pivotal point where we got to start talking about Euro 7 hydrogen and other programs as well with various customers out there, OEM customers. So, as those -- as we start moving forward with those, that'll have an impact on revenue as well.

Your next question comes from the line of Rob Brown from Lake Street Capital Markets.

My question is on JV with Volvo. Just to understand kind of what drives the milestone payments and additional investment and sort of the timing window of that?

Hey, Rob, this is Bill. Yes, we haven't disclosed what those milestones consist of and the timing. What we can say is, they're strategically aligned with performance of the JV and what are those key items that will drive success and growth of the JV. So -- and that'll be over a period of years, those milestones are laid out.

And then maybe help us understand the -- how the JV kind of drives other customer interest in the HPDI product? Are you now able to kind of invest to develop product? Is it -- are there customers sort of following Volvo with kind of the regs out there and trying to meet the emission standards? I guess just help understand how you see additional customer demand coming in into the business?

I think there's a lot of things going on in the marketplace right now, Rob, with respect to which technologies will be the technologies of the future for heavy-duty, long-haul trucking. There's a talk on fuel cells, talk on battery electric, and there's biofuels. There's a lot of, I'll say, options, technical options for OEMs to pursue. And for a long time we've been touting our HPDI as a key element of the portfolio solutions that'll be required. And everyone knows in the industry that this product has been in the marketplace and selling and picking up share. But it's a next step of really understanding and knowing when our customer comes forward and says, yes, this is a really important part of our portfolio to respond to the regulations, to make fleets have trucks that are cleaner and economic to operate. And so really it's kind of a marker for the industry to have this customer, our customer at Volvo, with all their experience of the product to say, this is part of the future. And meanwhile, I'll tell you that the OEMs have been working with fuel cells and they have been working with battery electric. We have been doing this, and there's demos and one vehicle here, 10 vehicles there kind of thing. And they're recognizing the cost of these vehicles and the challenge that is for commercial trucking. And so then to have this formation of a joint venture between the Volvo and Westport around HPDI and recognizing what we've shown with hydrogen and that being a really important part of the future. I think it's a new ingredient, an added ingredient, and hopefully a catalyst for the market to recognize where HPDI can play in heavy-duty, long-haul trucking.

And then on China, could you just give us an update on how that market is developing and maybe where that's at?

Yes. The good news in China is that we continue to work with Weichai on all the necessary steps to achieve launch. They've got certified product at the engine level and at the vehicle level with their customers and the market is improving. So basically globally, our LNG prices, natural gas prices have stabilized at a lower level. And so there's an advantage that's been reestablished versus diesel in Europe, but also in China. And so this basically is the key ingredient that then catalyze the market, enable us to bring HPDI to the Chinese market is a fuel price advantage. It gives you a TCO advantage and a customer with certified product that can bring that product to market. So we're really excited about the potential to have some good news to share with you in the future.

Your next question comes from the line of Eric Stine from Craig-Hallum.

So I know you've talked a lot about HPDI, so maybe I'll focus on some other areas. For DOEM, I mean this is kind of momentum that we haven't seen in quite a while and I know DR strong in Italy, taking it to other markets. So curious, thoughts about how early or what that means in terms of going to other markets, but also I would assume other OEMs are seeing the market share gains, they see the economic benefit of using LPG. So maybe what that also means for your DOEM pipeline?

Yes. So I think this is a really interesting story relative to Westport. We've announced just yesterday additional sales and supply agreements for Euro 7, so out into the future with leading OEM. And really when you look at our aftermarket business and the LPG business in general, which are highly linked, we're seeing benefits in markets around the world for our LPG systems and it's a low-cost to access technology and it's a low-cost to operate. So that figure I talked about just a little bit ago of $6 per gallon, I turned it into gallon so it would be easy to understand for all of in U.S. This drives the behavior of customers. People are looking for lower cost ways to access transportation and access clean transportation. And our systems, whether they're applied on an aftermarket basis or they're applied on a delayed OEM basis where we do the install for our customer, or whether they're applied buying an LPG vehicle that's fitted by an OEM, we see this growing. And so in places like Italy and Turkey and Poland, there is a substantial market share of LPG vehicles and we see that growing in markets around the world because of this economic advantage. And so it's a real bright spot for us. We're super excited to have secured this new business on the OEM side. And we think the delayed OEM is a quicker way for OEMs to get to market. And we're glad to help with that. And the DR story is a great success story for DR, but also for Westport Fuel Systems.

And then maybe last one for me, just I guess I will go back to HPDI and you've detailed kind of the change in stance from Volvo. Certainly, a big validation and then other OEMs as well. But curious what this means for other markets. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I think you've -- there's been some penetration, it’s small in Canada under some waivers. Just curious, I mean, is this something that in the -- call it the next year or two, we should expect that, if you were to penetrate North America with HPDI, would be under those waivers on kind of a case by case basis, or is it possible that Volvo brings it to North America under this JV?

So first of all, thanks for the question. It's a great question, right? Because today in the marketplace around the world, the only place you can buy an HPDI equipped truck is in Europe. From our perspective, the opportunities in China and North America and really the rest of world are quite significant. So there's activities going on via our current customer, and there's activities going on with prospective customers that are testing engines. And we see application in basically all the markets. So the question is when and how quickly, and I'm glad you raised the point on Canada. We did some work with partners in Canada that enables Volvo and their customers to bring European trucks into Canada. And so we have the first of those trucks arriving in Canada around now. And we look forward to the validation of those vehicles in the Canadian market, because that will then prime the pump, so to speak, for more imports. It's a really exciting development for us that the European Volvo truck with HPDI can be imported into Canada now. And we look forward to the market, understanding how much better an HPDI equipped truck is versus a spark-ignited natural gas truck in terms of fuel efficiency and performance and truly delivering what fleet customers need in the field with their heavy loads and long distance travel. That is certainly a key part of the market in Canada.

Your next question comes from the line of Chris Dendrinos from RBC capital Markets.

I guess I kind of want to just follow-up on the second half of the year and sort of expectations and the cadence. You mentioned some softness in 3Q just due to natural kind of seasonality. Is there anything, I guess with 4Q and then that LPG system ramp that we should be kind of thinking about or accounting for? I guess maybe specifically, any kind of like near-term margin pressure just with the volume ramp or anything like that? Thanks.

Yes, so maybe just to hit on HPDI on that topic first, Chris. We are having, let's say this lower volume in Q2 because of this model change and the new model with more horsepower, more efficiently, longer range, as we talked about earlier, launches after the summer shutdown. So as soon as those summer shutdowns, we'll see some ramp of that volume, and we're looking forward to that, right? What the numbers are exactly is not perfectly clear to us, but definitely we see an uptick. And so then we'll have an uptick in volume in Q3 and then more in Q4 is our expectation. And that's with the improved pricing that we've been able to negotiate. So kind of hitting both things, some margin improvement and some volume improvement. So it should be better going forward. And then in the broader scope, when we think about Westport Fuel Systems as we launch our LPG customer, our new LPG customer in the fourth quarter, that also will add to the equation. And again, I think in the industry and with these launches, it's not a step function. It is a ramp for sure. And so as we look into 2024 we have very positive outlook on that for the business.

And then I guess maybe just as my follow-up, I guess now that you guys have announced the JV with Volvo, you've previously been kind of, I guess pretty quiet in regards to maybe any testing that you had been doing with them as far as the hydrogen HPDI goes. So, anything to comment there? I guess should we consider this kind of what you're doing with Volvo is maybe even more consistent with Scania where it's kind of engine testing right now? Or I guess where are you kind of at in that development plan or testing environment? Thanks.

Yes, thanks. So one of the things we do with our existing customers is work goes on, right? So, we are regularly having our current customers, Volvo's engines in our test cells and doing work. And certainly there's still, even in the case of the JV, as we get to those markers in the first half of next year, Volvo will remain a customer of the JV. And so I would expect that when there's a significant development contract signed, there'll be an announcement from either us or the JV in the future saying these things are happening. So, I would expect you'll hear about those in due course. But let's say it is a normal course of business for us to be continuously doing development activities and evaluating certain technologies and calibrating and running durability tests. So that's normal business for us that's running right now.

Your next question comes from the line of Mac Whale from Cormark Securities.

When you look at the new business this fall, you talked about €38 million coming from that. That customer today isn't a customer at all. So there isn't -- that's not like there's revenue that's being -- that will disappear as the new Euro 6 shipments on the LPG build, is that correct?

Largely correct. So basically for us, this new OEM, when we sell them product, it's a new customer for us. We do have some parts of what they're currently using in their system that we supply through one of our competitors. So basically we're a sub supplier to our competitor, and they're supplying that customer today. So there is a piece of the revenue that overlaps, but for the most part that €38 million is largely incremental over the next two years.

So then in '25, when you go to the Euro 7, do you expect to continue to make Euro 6 shipments? And I'm wondering if that €63 million comes in, does the €38 million go away? You know what I mean?

Yes. Not exactly. So what we're talking about here is, first of all, on the emissions standards, there's still some lack of clarity in the regulations in terms of when Euro 7 is required and when it might launch. And you can also understand that the OEMs, when they launch a new model, independent of the emissions regulations, when they say, here's a new vehicle, here's a new this or that, they want to have the fuel system there and available for LPG. And so these different awards that we've announced are associated with different vehicles. And so we're picking up different vehicles along the way. And when we get into Euro 7, we become the exclusive supplier. We were doing all the models for this OEM. And so that really is a stepwise increase in our revenues and our market share of LPG systems in the market.

And then just lastly, I think you already addressed this with one of the questions on the margin outlook in the second half of the year. Just asked another way, does the Euro 6 LPG, is that business significant enough to put pressure on the margins? Or do you expect to see that continue improvement as these new products launch?

The business that we've secured, we feel quite good about the price we've be able to obtain and the margin that it will yield. And so we see this really as accretive to the income statement and very helpful to our business. I think there's also an element, I mentioned it earlier that really this business and LPG system leverages capacity and capability we already have in our Westport Fuel Systems world. So in terms of ability to produce the parts, having the capacity and the engineering capacities to support this customer, we're not adding a lot in order to respond to this need. It should drive a more favorable bottom line.

Your next question comes from the line of Bill Peterson from JPMorgan.

Wanted to ask a question on the natural gas HPDI a bit differently. You talked about the potential for Weichai coming back. But when we see natural gas prices improve, what's the lag time on when we see that kind of roll through and result in new business opportunities? And I guess is -- with that in mind, especially in Europe, is there other opportunities or you just have to get past this sort of model changeover for the business to be maybe even larger than it was at a steady state last year?

Fundamentally, in the marketplace fleet operators are buying vehicles and using them three to five years before they turn over and get new vehicles, and those vehicles become used vehicles. And so they're doing the calculations and it's their confidence around the ability to deliver freight and do so with an economic advantage, so an environmental advantage and an economic advantage. And so that price differential between natural gas and diesel is something that weighs heavily in the equation. And I do think it takes some time, right? So we had a price spike primarily in 2022 that lasted more or less the whole year following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. So with that kind of history, there is some hangover, some baggage that comes along. But now that the prices are reestablished, it has gone back to normal and yet that war is ongoing, I think the fleets are getting more comfortable with the fact that they can count on that advantage. And that really is what it takes. And so you ask what's the lag time? Well, depends on which fleet you talk to and what their confidence is and what their outlook is. But I think having Volvo than say -- we're betting on this technology for the long-term because we see the long-term benefits really helps to have the marketplace see that this is not just a token effort, but actually a fundamental effort by Westport, by Volvo, and by others to bring natural gas trucking and in the future hydrogen trucking to the marketplace so that the fleets can access cleaner transportation and low TCO.

Second question on the LPG and the progression from Euro 6, eventually Euro 7. How should we think about the margin structure between your wins in Euro 6 and Euro 7? It looks like you have a higher revenue base. Should we expect better fixed cost absorption? I mean, it's just going to be a higher margin just based off your -- what you've designed in. Just trying to get a feel for the margins as we look ahead?

Yes, I think the biggest factor here is good margins on the business itself, and then more absorption of the fixed cost on a higher top line that makes the gross profit improve from there. So I think fundamentally it's a big piece of business that we've secured and we will fundamentally improve our P&L accordingly.

Your next question comes from the line of Jeff Osborne from TD Cowen.

Just a couple questions from my side. Back on the joint venture, I was wondering at this point, if we've determined sort of the Board structure and whether you'd be able to consolidate the financials or not?

I can -- I'll take that. So, the Board structure, it's -- both partners will have equal members on the Board at this point. All the specific details will be laid out in the definitive agreements, which we're -- we'll work on over the next few months. With respect to consolidation, as we are currently looking at it, we are evaluating consolidation. Initially, first looking at it, I don't think we're going to be able to consolidate it, as we go through and look at all the criteria. As you're aware, several years ago, it used to be quantitative analysis. Now, it's more qualitative around the decision-making at the Board level and those decisions are made. So as we go through and kind of formalize the structure, the arrangements, we will continue to evaluate consolidation. But as we sit here today, I don't think we're going to be able to consolidate. However, irrespective of that, we will have expanded disclosure in the footnotes of our financial statements. So you're going to be able to see volumes, revenues, margins for that business very similar to how we disclose the CWI JV.

And then I was just curious, is there any feedback from non-Volvo OEMs around sort of information sharing with perceived competitors as part of the JV? Just wondering what types of information barriers and other sort of blockades you'll be able to put up to give potential future customers assurances. Because my understanding is pretty much everyone will need to be buying through the JV, is that correct? Can you just walk us through that process?

Yes, for sure. So this is -- in the industry, I'll say done all the time. So companies, major OEMs work with their suppliers and share information with their suppliers. And the suppliers' responsibility is to keep that information from their customers' competitors. It happens all the time. And so our JV will need to do that too. And that's, I'll say normal business that every supplier needs to be cognizant of, aware of and manage. Because if they fail, they'll lose business, right? So in the grand scheme of things, I think at first blush, people say, Volvo is in this JV now they're going to know everything. And that cannot be the case. It will not be the case. And we just have to demonstrate that to our customers over and over again as we do today. So we're working with multiple OEMs. Westport is today and in the future, our JV will be doing that. But I think showing how we do it and reassuring our customers that their confidential information will be protected, is our job. And so we'll do that.

My last quick one, if I can squeeze it in just for Bill, is, you gave some comments around revenue trajectory for Q3, Q4. Can you just walk us through sort of major sources and needs of cash for the third and fourth quarter?

No, I think as we look forward, as I mentioned, Q2 it was -- we had higher than normal on debt servicing payments. So I think, we're going to go back to normal, on just kind of our normal principal payments as well as our CapEx as we mentioned, we're going to be in $12 million to $15 million range, for about $7.5 million year-to-date. I don't expect any major changes in our CapEx. One of the critical areas that I had in my prepared remarks is really focusing on working capital and trying to drive that down, improve our AR collections. We have to drive inventories down. And I think through those initiatives, we're going to be able to free up some cash and put that on the balance sheet as we go forward. So that's what we're really focusing our efforts right now.

Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I'd now like to turn the call back over to Mr. Johnson for any closing.

Yes, thanks everyone for your time this morning. I think when I look at our Q2, record revenues and improving gross margin, I think it's a solid quarter and good performance, especially in light of the fact that our volumes on our marquee product HPDI were rather low. So, in that grand scheme of things, and now with this additional LPG business, to me, the signs are super positive for our light-duty OEM business, our heavy-duty OEM business, and of course our hydrogen trajectory that we have, with the developing for both fuel cells and internal combustion engines. So there's a lot of bright signs on the horizon for us, and we're really looking forward to the quarters ahead. Thanks again for your time and interest in Westport Fuel Systems. I look forward to speaking with you again.

Thank you, sir. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes your conference call for today. We thank you for participating and ask that you please disconnect your lines. Have a lovely day.