Good morning. Welcome to Webster Financial's Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to introduce Webster's Director of Investor Relations, Emlen Harmon to introduce the call. Mr. Harmon, please go ahead.

Good morning. Before we begin our remarks, I want to remind you that the comments made by management may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are subject to the Safe Harbor rules. Please review the forward-looking disclaimer and Safe Harbor language in today's press release and presentation for more information about risks and uncertainties, which may affect us. The presentation and accompanying management remarks can be found on the company's Investor Relations website at investors.websterbank.com. I'll now turn it over to Webster Financial's CEO, John Ciulla.

Thanks, Emlen. Good morning, and welcome to Webster Financial Corporation's Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. We appreciate you joining us. I'll provide remarks on our high-level results and operations before turning it over to Glenn to cover our financial results in greater detail. The results we announced today further illustrate the power of Webster in terms of earnings potential as well as our sound operating and risk profile. We continue to enhance our liquidity position. And in contrast to broader industry trends, we grew deposits by $1.6 billion. We also grew our net interest income and materially expanded net interest margin in the quarter. In the quarter, we also completed our core systems conversion, marking a significant milestone in our integration, and we are pleased with the outcome and did so with limited client disruption. Our streamlined technology architecture will allow us to further enhance client experience and more efficiently deliver for our clients in the future. Achieving this outcome took an exceptional effort on the part of our colleagues particularly our client-facing colleagues and those dedicated to the conversion. I want to express the gratitude of our executive team, directors and shareholders for their efforts. With the core conversion complete, we expect our company's financial potential will become even more evident over the near to medium term and we will have significantly more opportunity to build upon our operating capabilities going forward, including services that allow us to enhance noninterest income in our commercial, consumer and HSA businesses. Furthermore, our colleagues will direct their full attention to continuing to grow the organization as they deepen existing and develop new client relationships, enhance our product capabilities and client service, raise Webster market profile and keep operations running smoothly. With that as an introduction, I'll get into our financial highlights for…

Thanks, John, and good morning, everyone. I'll start on slide six with our GAAP and adjusted earnings. We reported GAAP net income to common shareholders of $222 million with earnings per share of $1.28. On an adjusted basis, we reported net income to common shareholders of $267 million and EPS of $1.55, excluding $62 million in pre-tax merger-related expense. Merger-related charges were associated with our core conversion, which was completed in the third quarter and will decline significantly in the fourth quarter. Next, I will review our balance sheet trends, beginning on slide seven. Total assets were $73 billion at period end, down $900 million from the second quarter. Interest-bearing deposits, primarily cash held at the Fed was $1.8 billion at period end. We averaged $1.2 billion in cash for the quarter in line with what we anticipate going forward. Our security balances were relatively flat in the quarter as we reinvested proceeds from majorities in sales. Loans were down $1.5 billion, reflective of both lower loan demand and a decline in nonstrategic loan categories. Deposits grew $1.6 billion in the quarter, and we reduced borrowings by $2.6 billion. Deposit growth was across several product types and business lines, including over $250 million in noninterest-bearing deposit growth. Our loan-to-deposit ratio was 83% in the quarter, down from 88% last quarter and we anticipate operating in the mid-80s going forward. Our capital levels are consistently strong. The common equity Tier 1 ratio was 11.2%, and our tangible common equity ratio was 7.2%. Tangible book value decreased to $29.48 per share reflecting the impact of AOCI, the dividend, a small share repurchase. This was partially offset by retained earnings. Unrealized security losses, included in tangible book value increased to $819 million after tax from $645 million last quarter, driven by higher rates.…

Thanks a lot, Glenn. As I wrap up my remarks, I want to hit on the implications of the proposed regulatory changes for banks in excess of $100 billion in assets as it's among the topics we're most frequently asked about. We anticipate it will be several years before we reach the asset threshold at which the proposed regulations would impact Webster during that time, both the application of the regulations and the operating environment may significantly change. As you would expect, we've already begun to build the necessary capabilities, talent and investment to tackle the enhanced risk framework requirements that may apply to us as we approach $100 billion, just as we have tackled the OCC's heightened standard requirements that came with crossing the $50 billion threshold. While there will likely be increased financial burdens such as required debt issuance and compliance costs, there could be several paths to absorbing and overcoming these challenges, including our increased scale and earnings power. In the near term, we believe our size brings a unique mix of scale and agility relative to many of our regional bank peers. We'll utilize our strong operating position to grow in our key markets and business lines, allocating our resources to the highest return opportunities, all within a disciplined risk management framework. With that, I want to wrap up my comments by saying thank you to all our colleagues for their strong efforts, both in moving our strategy forward, completing the conversion and getting us to where we are today. Operator, with that, Glenn and I will open up the line to questions.

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Chris McGratty of Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods. Your line is open.

Great. Good morning.

Hey, Chris.

John, maybe a high-level question. This ongoing derisking that you've been doing, I guess where are you in terms of like how much more do you think you need to do I mean the loss rates on the office, the implied loss rates on the office from this quarter looks a bit higher than what you've been doing for the last several quarters. Could you just kind of big picture, where are you in terms of derisking the book?

Yes, it's interesting. I don't think, Chris, there's kind of a dedicated time line. I think we're -- as you heard me say, the $1.2 billion in office we have right now, we sort of feel good about with respect on a relative basis to having -- getting credit enhancements, continuing to work on the portfolio. So for us, it's looking at loans, looking at the strategic nature of them, whether they're with investors and clients that we know very well that we're going to continue doing business with, whether they're stand-alone transactional, what the kind of metrics and dynamics are. And then each quarter, Jason and the team sit down and say, hey, we -- even though this may not be a problem now, this is something that's not strategic for us or we have an opportunity at a reasonable economic cost to move down. So we're not really looking at a serial reduction in the exposure. We're being opportunistic and we're making, I think, the right economic decisions because many of these loans are going to refinance fine, they're going to pay off fine, some of which we think in the future may have some problems just given the paradigm shift. But I think you'll see us continue at this level looking at a $25 million, $75 million portfolio or book of business in the quarter. And if there's a good economic strategic way to exit those credits, we will. But we're not kind of urgently in a serial fashion trying to get rid of the exposure.

Okay. That's helpful. Maybe, Glenn, you gave the loan to deposit and expectations to the balance sheet. How should we be thinking about just the level of borrowings and securities growth from here or decline?

So I think I'll take securities first. So we're like $14 million, $14.5 million. I think you would expect it over the course of, say, the next couple of quarters to stay within that range, depending on loan growth. The question on borrowings is I think we're at a level right now where we probably expect to be pretty flat to the -- say $2 plus billion mark.

Okay. And maybe last one. One of your peers turned the buyback back this quarter. I'm interested in your updated thoughts on whether buybacks at this point of the cycle makes sense?

Yes, Chris, I think it's a great question. We bought back $50 million in the quarter in Q3. We clearly have capital levels and capacity to generate capital to continue the program. I would tell you that we're looking at this from a position of having good flexibility, but also recognizing that we want to make sure that we have capital if we do a tuck-in acquisition, if we do grow loans significantly, if we see cracks in the market from a credit perspective. So I guess the way I would characterize it is I wouldn't rule it out, but I think we're being a little bit more cautious as we look in the fourth quarter to our activities in that area.

Okay. Thanks. Thanks, John.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Casey Haire of Jefferies. Your line is open.

Yeah, thanks. Good morning, everyone. Just following up, I guess, Glenn, on the NIM. So NIM is going to be flat in the fourth quarter and borrowings, which obviously helped in the third quarter, the decline there. Sounds like they're going to be flat. So what is the offset to the beta creep that you expect to keep NIM flat? Is it loan growth? Just looking for a little color on what holds NIM stable in the fourth quarter?

Sure. So some of it is loan growth. Some of it is the rate on loans where we get the full benefit of the periodic loans re-pricing. And then you do have -- we do pick up one day, at least on a NIM basis from an earnings standpoint. And then it's pretty much some of that's neutralized by what we think deposit growth will be or deposit cost will be going into the fourth quarter. Like I said in my comments, we still think that there's -- there'll be deposit pressure going into the fourth quarter, albeit very more moderate than it's been certainly in the last couple of quarters.

Okay. Great. And then just question on the funding strategy. I mean your deposit growth was pretty broad-based. InterLINK still is doing a lot of the heavy lifting on that slide, what is it, slide five. It's 9% of your deposit franchise. What long-term, is there -- is that -- is there a ceiling that you have for interLINK or is that is 9% the right level? Just trying to figure out how big that can become?

So we're in the process of doing our outlook over the next couple of quarters and actually years. So I think if we're at 9% now depending on our sources of funds and other sources of funds that could go plus or minus. It could go as high as 15%, but that's something that we're still in the process of planning right now, Casey.

Got it. Okay. And just last one for me. On the efficiency, I know it's early for '24, but you guys obviously at 42% are more efficient than most of my coverage universe. John, you mentioned you are -- there are going to be some financial burdens about in getting the bank ready to be $100 billion. What -- can you pass that along? Or is that something that you might let the efficiency ratio drip up?

Yes. That's a good question. And again, as Glenn said, we're working through our plan now, and we're not going to sort of -- we're not ready to provide guidance for '24. But I will tell you, our sense is look, we still have some opportunity coming out of the conversion as we consolidate sub-ledgers and look at back office processes and consolidate call centers, which we still haven't completed. So, Casey, we do still have some merger-related cost opportunities, cost save opportunities. And I kind of like where we are. Our feeling is we also have opportunities to invest and grow, particularly if the market green lights with respect to loan growth and people feel comfortable about a soft landing, I think we can identify additional teams in commercial banking to bring on. We're definitely investing in products and capital markets and FX and card and other commercial treasury products that will enhance our balance of noninterest income. So our kind of view is we think we can operate steadily in the low 40s efficiency ratio. And to the extent we can gain more cost savings that will -- it will provide us an opportunity to invest in key products and services and people. So if we can continue to post the numbers that we promised when we did the merger, the 20% ROATC, the 1.5 ROA and an efficiency ratio in the low 40s, I think size, scale and momentum will allow us to keep that efficiency ratio in the low 40s without starving the bank with respect to future investment. And then if you fast forward, right, three years, you look at the size of our balance sheet as we approach $100 billion, I think we'll have some optionality, and we'll be in a better place than others who are similarly situated given how kind of efficient our operating model is.

Great. Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Matthew Breese of Stephens Inc. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning. I know office CRE grabs a lot of the attention these days, but I was curious thoughts and updated color on the sponsor specialty and leveraged loan book. How have those portfolios been performing in a higher rate environment?

Yes, Matt, so far, so good. We've talked about it before those companies that we underwrite there tend to have protectable, predictable cash flow streams, recurring cash flow streams, contractual cash flow streams. And so we haven't seen a deterioration -- significant deterioration in the credit profile. I'd say it's behaving like the rest of the book, probably some level of moderate negative risk rating migration, but it hasn't spooked us at all. And again, it's always hard to predict the future, but one of the wonderful things about that portfolio besides the type of companies that we lend to are the private equity firms that we've been doing business with for 10 and 20 years that are kind of flush with cash, raising new funds and really not reticent to capitulate and give up these really good companies. No question about the fact that these are floating -- generally floating rate loans. So their debt service has increased. They generally are lower in contractual amortization. So really, it's the interest expense and so far, the capacity to continue to service that debt has seemed strong. And obviously, we feel comfort in the fact that we've got strong private equity firms behind those companies in case things start to go sideways. Generally, we work things through with them and the deals continue to perform. So, so far, I'd say it's coming out according to oil, which is they're able to service the increased interest rate cost and we seem to have a pretty stable performance in that book.

And then just a reminder, what is the size of the -- what meets the definition of leveraged loans and then anything beyond that, that would be considered a syndicated loan portfolio?

Yes. This is -- it's tricky because there's overlap everywhere, right? And we've reported on our regulatory, statutory leverage loans, those have actually remained relatively flat over the last couple of quarters. It's about 6% of our total loan book or $3 billion. And most of that, as you intimated in our sponsor and specialty book. Our shared national credits are about 12% and there's some subset of that, which is leveraged, but about 12% of total loans. That number is actually down from premerger Webster numbers as a percentage of total loans, just given kind of the mix that came together between Webster and Sterling. Again, no kind of differentiated performance there. So I've told the story a million times to the Street over the last 15 years about shared national credits. We don't have a buy-side desk. We're not a stuffy for the big banks or the nonbanks who are syndicating out loans. Our use of shared national credits over the last 15 years has been in strategy or in geography or in product meaning that it's a middle market or corporate company within our middle market footprint where we have cross-sell opportunities, direct access to management, but they have a $700 million credit facility. And certainly, we don't have the balance sheet to provide that. So we'll participate in that credit and cross-sell. It's in our sponsor and specialty group where we have expertise in technology and other industry verticals where we'll strategically participate with access to management. Again, we underwrite and portfolio manage all of our shared national credits exactly the same way we do a bilateral credit and our Shared National Credit book has a weighted average risk rating of about a full 0.5 turn, 50 basis point better than the overall weighted average risk rating of our commercial portfolio because those bigger companies can be more resilient and have more revenue streams. So those are the data points, and I figured I'd share with you our view on how we go about underwriting and participating in shared national credits.

So understanding it's likely a blend of the leverage loan portfolio, probably some real estate in there. Is it fair to assume the underwriting characteristics like sponsor and specialty, from a leverage perspective are similar to that book and from a commercial real estate perspective, or similar to the LTVs and debt serious coverage ratios we find in that

Yes, I think that's a fair statement. But I'll also tell you, we have very little shared national credit exposure in commercial real estate and I mean very little. Most of our shared national credit exposure is in sponsor and specialty, in our middle market geography groups on mid-corporate and large corporate relationships we have. And then we have some in asset-based lending, those are the ones I worry about the lease. Those are larger retailers, strong agents, cash dominion we generally don't have any problems with those transactions. So we don't have very much shared national credit exposure in commercial real estate. It's just not been one of our tools.

Understood. Okay. Last one for me. John, you had mentioned keeping capital handy for perhaps tuck-in acquisitions. I know historically, it's been discussions around perhaps HSA tuck-in acquisitions, but I was curious if that comment meant anything broader is in whole banks or other sorts of fee income vehicles?

Yes. No, great question. And I think we quite clearly mean sort of complementary acquisitions around fee generating or deposit gathering businesses where we have a path to some organic growth but would like to enhance and speed up that path to get a better balance of noninterest income and interest income rather than a whole bank acquisition. We don't feel that right now, you never say never, and I've learned my lesson there. But given where we are, the great integration and conversion we just did, given the look at the dynamics in the marketplace, I would say highly unlikely whole bank activity on the inorganic side and it would be something that would be targeted on further low-cost deposit gathering or fee-generating businesses that are complementary to our existing activities.

Great. I'll leave it there. Thank you for taking all my questions.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Mark Fitzgibbon of Piper Sandler. Your line is open.

Glenn, I wonder I wondered if you could share your thoughts on restructuring or selling available-for-sale securities in the fourth quarter, given that rates may be stuck up here for a while.

Yes. So it is something we looked at, Mark, and you know that we did that in the first quarter of this year, we restructured about $400 million at that time. What I would say is it's something we continually look at. And we balance that obviously because our capital levels and our capital forecast and things that we see as far as that. So I'll leave it at there. It's something that we continue to look at. And there's obviously some opportunity there is competing against capital for other initiatives as well. So that's where we are on there.

Okay. And then can you update us on how much you sold in this quarter in performing office loans and roughly where you sold those relative to par?

So I think in my comments, it was $78 million that we sold. And if you just do the math on the provision of $13 million, that equates to about $0.83 on the dollar.

Okay. Great. And then lastly, hopefully, there aren't any more failed banks, but if there are, would Webster be a likely interested buyer in some FDIC transactions?

Yes, Mark, it's interesting, right? I just made the comment to Matt, that whole bank acquisitions are not a high priority for us. I do think that it would behoove us to just make sure that if there is a clear strategic opportunity that makes a ton of sense economically, I guess I wouldn't exclude us, right? But it's -- I'm hoping there are no further failed banks as well. But I think, hopefully, if we keep executing where we are then the dust settles, I think we'll be in a good position and have the right financial characteristics and strength to be a buyer of a good strategic bank if something happens that way. So I wouldn't rule it out, but it's certainly not on our game plan.

Thank you.

Thank you.

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Your next question comes from the line of Brod Preston of UBS. Your line is open.

Hi. Good morning, everyone. How are you?

Good morning.

Sorry I joined a little bit late. So if I repeat anything, just feel free to tell me to review the transcript. But I did think, John, I think I saw you gave the shared national credit percentage at 12%. Do you happen to have, which you guys are the lead underwriter on, and the agent on.

Yes, less than 5% of that.

Okay. So less than 5 of the 12.

Correct.

To do that. Okay. Cool. And do you have and what the reserve on the office portfolio is at this point?

We haven't disclosed that number. Obviously, it's moved up and it's at a higher level than the overall portfolio. But we don't disclose that, Brody.

Okay. Glenn, could you maybe speak around what the puts and the takes will be as it relates to NII and the NIM going forward? Maybe help me better understand the cadence of fixed asset repricing throughout the fourth quarter and then through 2024 and what the impact of the loan yields will be to that?

Sure. Yes. Let me give you a sense of -- and I'll just look at the two dynamics that we have there, Brody, are fixed rate loans repricing. And that if you think about it, it's about $1.3 billion a quarter, right? So if you think -- you just think about that over the next couple of quarters, it's about $1.3 billion repricing. And given our rate forecast, you'd probably pick up about 275, 250 basis points on that as it rolls forward right, over the next couple of quarters. And then depending on where the Fed is in the back end of the year, that might come in a little bit. But that's that dynamic on the fixed rate loans. I think about it in terms of NIM, it probably supports our NIM by about four basis points going forward. And then likewise, on the investment portfolio, you have about $300 million that is typically reinvested. And for that, we're probably picking up about 450 basis points now. That will probably drop as rates change to like the low 3s, mid-3s. But there, again, we're picking up about two basis points in NIM support going forward. So if I look at those two factors as well as the periodic book, which we'll continue to reprice on the loan side. And then so you have that is going as a favorable tailwind. And then the wildcard here is the positive pricing, right? And so we do think -- we did see it moderate in the fourth quarter. We do think it's going to continue to moderate over the next couple of quarters. And then the Fed will begin to cut. There'll be a natural like 90-day lag on that but we think the support that we have on the repricing side, reinvestment side will sort of moderate any pressures that we get under the positive side, at least for the first half of the year, and then we should actually -- we should be well positioned. But the Fed does proceed with cutting in the second half -- back half of the year.

Got it. Thank you for that. And then, John, I know you talked earlier about kind of the leverage loan and the sponsor specialty sponsor book. But I guess I wanted to better understand kind of like some of the final points on the details of the underwriting there and kind of the things you do to structure those loans to really give you protection. And I'm not expecting to speak to the specific credit, like you all were on the right aid credit files for bankruptcy, but like the ABL FILO notes in the market are trading at 92%, 93% of par. And so like market obviously expects very little loss. It looks like you guys and the other banks are positioned to kind of get paid back first. And it feels really well collateralized. So could you just kind of help us better understand the structure of those deals and what you kind of do to help protect yourself in the event that something goes wrong?

Yes. I guess there's a couple of questions there because you threw in the ABL deal at the end, right? And so that's -- I think that's a completely different animal. You're underwriting against liquidation value on a large retail company that's kind of standard asset-based lending. I do think the market believes what everybody believes is someone will come in and provide this financing, and there will be an orderly liquidation and everyone will get paid out. And we've seen that story play over and over again. In Sponsor and Specialty business, I guess -- it's about the strength of the people, the continuity, we've been doing it for 20 years. We deal with sponsors we know who support credits and have expertise in the industries and sectors they're in. You'd be amazed at the level of diligence and detail we do in technology, if we're doing a deal of Software-as-a-Service deal we're doing third-party valuations of the software. We're evaluating the contracts. The end users where we know the management team very well. We know the sponsors very well. We structured the deals that -- so there's some level of amortization. We don't chase, as you know, the last couple of turns of leverage where the nonbanks are chasing, we play in a different market. So it's just a combination of having the right people, a really disciplined approach staying in the swim lanes and the sectors that we know and understand and not moving off of that disciplined process. And it's why, through the great financial crisis and through the pandemic and through this higher interest rate environment, we've been able to see resilience in that portfolio.

Got it. And then the last one for me. I just wanted to ask her on the HSA book. I feel like this has been a topic that's come up sporadically over the last several years. But I wanted to ask just because other banks are looking to potentially monetize unique assets that they have. And so when I look at kind of what's happened in HSA, it feels like some of your nonbank competitors have been able to really kind of pay really high multiples to acquire other HSA portfolios that otherwise I think if they had the same investor base that you do, they wouldn't be able to pay as much. And so with the growth in that business line kind of slowing to some extent and the value of it really not showing up in the multiple and it'd be tough to kind of inorganically grow that business, just given that you're treated like a bank versus others that are treated like nonbanks like how do you think about maybe monetizing that and doing something more strategic there to help your investors realize the full value of that business?

That's a great question. And I think all of your observations in general are correct, and we've talked about it over time. The basic premise for us is that we have a very efficient way to deploy long-duration, low-cost deposits as a bank that really help profitability for us. And while the market has slowed, if you look at it, you're still growing deposits at very low costs in the mid to high single-digits. And there aren't many channels that are doing that. So and we are continuing to grow along with the market on an organic basis. So I take your point in terms of the inorganic growth of some of the other top five players. So it is very valuable to us. It helps us generate the kind of returns and profitability we have, albeit it's a smaller part of the whole after the MOE. We are frustrated that the market doesn't recognize the value that we're still building in that business as part of the bank. And as you know, we continue and we talk about it all the time to evaluate HSA in the bank and the value it has in the bank outside of the bank because we have an obligation to make sure that we're making the best decisions for our shareholders as we move forward. And so up until now, it's continued, particularly in this interest rate environment, it's pretty easy for us to say operating HSA as a division of our bank creates the most value for our shareholders in the long term in terms of the quality and the value of the cash flows. We don't think the market where we're trading at a seven-times multiple on future earnings is reflecting that unique company and business, and we want to continue to keep informing people and educating people about where we are. We were able to execute on the Bend transaction last year, which gave us higher levels of user experience and a better mousetrap, if you will, and I think it's helped us compete in the marketplace. We are still looking every time there's a deal in the market of another portfolio because the market keeps consolidating. I think the top 10 now represent 83% of the market. We'll try and be in a participant in that. But I think it's going to be a continued evaluation for us, and we'll make the right decision on where HSA belongs given the value we can create owning it or the value that it would receive as a different company or a company that was part of a joint venture or somewhere else outside the bank.

Great. Thank you for taking my questions, everyone. I appreciate it.

Your next question comes from the line of Daniel Tamayo of Raymond James. Your line is open.

Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe just starting in the decline in the commercial industrial, commercial loan areas. I know you talked about deemphasizing some asset classes there. Just give a little more detail on where you were pulling back, and I apologize I jumped on a little late if you already covered that.

No, that's quite all right. It's a good question, and we haven't covered it in detail. So the decline across the board on the C&I side was generally driven by -- when we had mortgage warehouse obviously down. And I think you'll likely can see that continuing to reduce from a strategic perspective. We're very careful on transaction-only ABL and equipment finance in the quarter since the crisis in March. And so those did grow rapidly and may have had small declines. Our fund banking activity, which high-quality fund banking loans, equity subscription lines to private equity firms was down about $0.5 billion, and that was driven by one big payoff and then just lower utilization. Our overall middle market C&I utilization on lines after kind of holding steady for several quarters at 50% was down into the mid-40s. So we did see seasonally lower usage. And I don't know what that portends in terms of client confidence or anything, but utilization was lower as well. So that kind of drove the quarter results some of it was us pulling back on levers. Some of it was a seasonally slow third quarter, more sluggish loan growth, and that's where we ended up. I think as you go forward, we've talked about really making sure that we have the liquidity capacity, the loan-to-deposit ratio and the capital to grow those full relationships across our middle market businesses, our other ancillary C&I businesses, sponsor and specialty, non-office commercial real estate. We are seeing some level of increased demand as we move into the fourth quarter, our pipeline is up about $0.5 billion. So I think you think we'll make -- we'll continue to see mortgage warehouse run down. There may be a couple of other small subscale businesses where we won't be generating the kind of loan growth that we've generated in the past, but we think we can offset that with our core franchise building loan generation.

Terrific. And then on the flip side, the commercial classified loans were up both on an absolute basis and as a percentage of that portfolio. Maybe you could talk a little bit about what drove that increase?

Sure, happy to. First of all, I didn't say up in my front comments, but I did reference that, that level of classified at 1.74% of a smaller portfolio in the quarter is actually 100 basis points lower than Webster's classified percentage in the fourth quarter of 2019 before the pandemic. So just a reminder, again, that we've been -- the entire industry has been benefiting from really, really favorable credit metrics, and this is just a small step, I think, towards a more normalized rate going forward. But in terms of the actual contributions there, there weren't any kind of correlations across geography, asset class business line. We saw some C&I in health care. We had a small portion in ABL. We had some office migration that we talked about prior and then just generally across the other C&I categories. So it really wasn't -- we didn't see correlated risk. We just saw credit-specific migration as part of our overall modest negative risk rating migration in the portfolio.

Okay. Terrific. And lastly just one for Glenn on the hedging strategy. And how you expect the net interest income would react to rate cuts if they do materialize next year?

Yes. So, Daniel, good morning. We did talk a little about that as we look -- we're not providing an outlook for 2024 at this point. The point I made earlier is that I think our NIM will continue to be supported into the fourth quarter and into the next couple of quarters through the benefit of both fixed rate loans repricing, investment securities repricing as well as the periodic loans repricing. Some of that will be obviously offset by deposit cost and our thinking on where the cumulative deposit beta will end up. But I think generally, that's how we're feeling going into the next couple of quarters.

Okay. Thanks for all the color guys. Appreciate it.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Steve Alexopoulos of JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning, everyone. Alex Lau on for Steve.

Hey Alex.

I wanted to touch on deposits. So noninterest-bearing deposits were up on a period end basis in the quarter. What drove that uptick? Was the seasonal inflows? And is it fair to say that these customers chasing higher yield products and these demand balances are largely done?

Yes. So let me take that, and John. But I think there is a portion of the increase in noninterest-bearing deposits that was related to the government inflow, which is seasonality. But I think the bigger point is we've gone back and looked at DDA because we're -- as we look at our forecast, and I've gone back to all the way back to 2019 when -- if I add the combination of Webster and Sterling, we had about $40 billion in combined deposits. And at that point, the DDA represented about 21%. If I look at the third quarter and did the same sort of analysis, and I stripped out the impact of interLINK that's relatively new, we'd be in that 21% range. So it's pre-pandemic. And if I look to where we are, it's typically run about 21%. I think there will be some continued normalization in the average balances as customers move, and we've looked at this on a customer-by-customer basis. So there is some migration into higher higher-yielding type of products. But I think some of that to say, I think we'll get normalization over the next couple of quarters, but I think some of that will be offset by growth opportunities through -- whether it's new relationship, acquisitions or treasury management type services. So I think if you think about that 114, we have, there'll be puts and takes on that over the course of time, and we're not giving guidance for '24, that should be somewhere in the range.

I agree with that, Glenn. Yes, Alex, I think your last statement was right that we're going to continue to see a creep up of the deposit cost there in the core, but the rate of increase is slowing down because the customer behavior, people that were more in tune and it was more important to them to chase rate have done so.

Thank you. And speaking of growth opportunities, now that the conversion with Sterling is done, do you see any material cross-selling opportunities in terms of growing these demand deposits now that you're integrated with Sterling?

Yes. I mean I think I kind of hinted to that, Alex, that one of the things that's getting on our single core platform now and also being able to kind of pivot our resources to development and build out. We've got a robust plan on the treasury side in commercial, and that's broadly defined with cash management products FX, capital markets, other products, corporate card, where we believe that having deeper penetration and having a broader product set for our really loyal commercial customers will have the added benefit of growing core operating deposits. So I do think that, that's something that we believe we can execute on and we believe we'll be successful as we move forward post conversion.

And then I just had a follow-up on the HSA business. So these balances for the past three quarters have been in the $2.2 billion range. Can you talk about what it would take in the macro environment for a stronger HSA adoption for these balances to start increasing, John, I think you said mid to high single-digit. How do we get to the higher end of the range? Would a weaker job market actually benefit this range? Thanks.

Yes, it's interesting. We used to answer these questions all the time. But I think generally, higher health care costs push companies to higher adoption of full replacement, high-deductible health plans definitely, in a recessionary environment, if labor market is not quite as tight, companies are more willing to move to higher replacement costs. I will tell you, we believe that part of full transparency, right, part of the reason the market slowed a bit is that there's been significant penetration and adoption now. So there aren't as many greenfields in terms of new opportunities. But in this economic environment and in this job market environment, we have obviously seen slower growth and I'm not rooting for a worse job market or a big recession so that we get a slight increase in our HSA growth. But I think those are some of the dynamics. There are higher health care costs coming in. So I do know that people are continuing to look at it and Chad does see opportunity, and we're obviously got a lot of RFPs out there. But the market from the 20% growth days, down to the 10% growth days, there's a lot of dynamics there, and it's not just economic. It's also just a maturing of the industry.

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] The next question comes from the line of Bernie Von Gizycki of Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.

Hi. Good morning. My question is on fees specifically. So you talked about the pressure on fees from less capital markets activity, but you have seen signs of an improving outlook into next year. What are you hearing from clients? What signs do you see that helps drive that improving outlook? And maybe if I just combine this on the Sterling integration, you basically highlighted some areas in treasury cash management but in the fee side, could you provide any size timing of these opportunities? So capital markets pick up next year and Sterling integration opportunities sizing?

Yes, it's a great question. I think I'll stick with Glenn's comments that we're working through our plan right now for '24, and we haven't sized some of those opportunities and the timing of the rollout. As it relates to BAU and organic where we are, we did see in the quarter a relatively healthy level of noninterest income and underneath that were some good signs, a little bit more of direct investment equity tag in income, which shows some more activity on the sponsor side and that people may be getting more active as they normally do at year-end. And so we're -- that's a good sign for us as we move forward. Obviously, the swap market, given where interest rates are has been kind of down, but we may see some more activity just given the fact that the Fed may pivot. So there's some decent signs and then we'll be able to, as we give guidance in Q4, we run out our road map on plan, be able to maybe size some of the incremental benefit of post-conversion investment.

Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Timur Braziler of Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Hi. Good morning. I'm just wondering what the remaining credit mark is on the sterling book? And then if you look at the linked quarter increase in allowance, how much of that is commensurate with the linked quarter increase in classified loans. And I'm just wondering kind of your expectation for allowing trajectory here given the macro backdrop?

Yes, good question. I was kind of like and just like answering these CECL questions because there's obviously a huge amount of work that goes into the modeling. Obviously, a classified loan has a higher reserve on it. So the dynamics in the quarter for CECL would be a higher level of classified overall lower loan balances stable nonaccruals and charge-off levels and economic outlook for us as we're moving forward. It's why you still see a build in most of the industry right now because of concerns of office and others. And then qualitative overlays on what you believe is going on in any particular portfolio, like an office portfolio. So the classified certainly would have been a component to add more reserves, but there are some offsets like lower loan balances and stability in other areas. And then obviously, the economic outlook is still uncertain, which drives to a few basis point increase and I'm giving you kind of the qualitative high level because, obviously, it's all model driven at the end of the day.

And Timur it's Glenn. The only thing I would point out is we sort of laid this out on page 15 of the slides, right? So you can see the impact of lower loan balances was $8 million. And then the macro -- third quarter macro and credit environment was a build of 43. If you look at the chart below, there hasn't been that much movement really an unemployment and GDP growth and stuff like that. So a portion of that is risk migration, which you see in the classifieds, and that's how I'd sort of characterize it.

Thank you. And your last question comes from the line of Laurie Hunsicker of Seaport Research Partners. Your line is open.

Great. Hi, thanks. John and Glenn, good morning. So just wanted to circle back to office here. So slide four is great. But just wondered a couple of things. Number one, can you help us think about specifically in New York City and Boston of that $1.17 billion. How much of that is New York City Class A versus B? How much is Boston, Class A versus B? And then also your slide four is only investor. Can you help us think about the owner-occupied book, how big that is? Any concerns that you're seeing there? Obviously owner-occupied is lower risk, but there's still some of the same risk. And then the last part of the office question, the jump in past due loans from $46 million to $71 million, roughly, how much of that $20 million jump was office related? Thank you.

All right. I may ask you to come back on the last question but the -- so the mix of A and B is pretty similar around 50-50 in all the markets, which also ladders up to the overall. We have about 23% right of that remaining offices in New York City, and that's about 50-50 Class A and Class B. Boston is smaller in the geography under 10% of that, and it's also about 50-50 in terms of Class A and Class B. You asked about non-investor CRE, owner-occupied CRE. So those would be C&I companies that we lend to where we have office collateral, that's a relatively small portion of our overall portfolio, it's around $250 million, which is pretty small. Regulatorily and internally, we underwrite those as C&I loans based on the cash flows of the company with having just the enhanced secondary source of repayment in the office, we've seen no deterioration in that portfolio at all. And what was the last question, Laurie?

Yeah, just the -- and thanks for that, the jump in the past due loans, the $46 million to $71 million, how much of that, if any, was office?

That's a great question. I don't know if I know the answer to that off hand. But I will tell you one thing, is that there was a $15 million payment made on the 2nd of October. So one of them was an administrative delinquency. And so that would tell you that we're down from $42 million to whatever that would be, $27 million, if I can do my math right. Mostly equipment finance loans in there. So it really wasn't commercial real estate.

Yes, it's not.

Great. Thanks.

You got it.

There are no further questions at this time. I will now turn the call over to John Ciulla, CEO, for closing remarks.

Thank you very much for joining us on this long call this morning. Enjoy the day.

This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.