Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Twilio Second Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Bryan Vaniman, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations and Corporate Development. Please go ahead.

Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us for Twilio's Second Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. Joining me today are Khozema Shipchandler, Chief Executive Officer; Aidan Viggiano, Chief Financial Officer; and Thomas Wyatt, Chief Revenue Officer. As a reminder, we will disclose non-GAAP financial measures on this call. Definitions and reconciliations between our GAAP and non-GAAP results can be found in our earnings presentation posted on our IR website at investors.twilio.com. We will also make forward-looking statements on this call, including statements about our future outlook and goals. Such statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described. Many of those risks and uncertainties are described in our SEC filings, including our most recent Form 10-K and our forthcoming Form 10-Q. Forward-looking statements represent our beliefs and assumptions only as of the date such statements are made. We disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law. And with that, I'll hand it over to Khozema and Aidan, who will discuss our Q2 results, and we'll then open the call for Q&A.

Thank you, Bryan. Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. Twilio had a strong Q2, reaching over $1.2 billion in revenue and achieving another quarter of double-digit revenue growth and year-over-year growth acceleration. We also delivered another record quarter of both non-GAAP income from operations and free cash flow. And Q2 marked an important milestone as our segment business delivered non-GAAP income from operations for the first time, surpassing our Q2 breakeven target that we established early last year. Our strong performance this quarter reflects our continued progress in driving greater operating efficiencies, our focused product-led innovation and solid commercial execution. In Q2, we delivered a fourth consecutive quarter of accelerating messaging growth as well as double-digit voice growth. We are demonstrating not just our market-leading scale in our core communications market, but also our pace of innovation, which is allowing us to take share. This is also evident across our go-to-market levers as self-serve, ISVs, international and communication software add-ons each delivered double-digit revenue growth, and our multiproduct customer count also grew double digits. During the quarter, we had several notable wins, including Centerfield, Henry Schein One, JustFab, Manus AI, Nooks AI, the Phoenix Suns and Postscript. We also had another great quarter of large deal activity with ISV and technology customers. In fact, in communications, the number of large deals closed of $500,000 or more increased 57% year-over-year. This momentum is reflected in our dollar-based net expansion rate of 108% in Q2, our best rate in over 2 years. In self-serve, our voice channel was a bright spot, driven by a variety of factors, notably the surge in voice AI start-ups who are building on Twilio. In May, we held our annual user conference, SIGNAL, bringing together nearly 1,000 attendees in San Francisco for a…

Thank you, Khozema, and good afternoon, everyone. Twilio had a strong second quarter, delivering our fourth consecutive quarter of double-digit revenue growth and year-over-year growth acceleration. For Q2, we generated record revenue of $1.228 billion, up 13% year-over-year, both on a reported basis and an organic basis. We also generated record non-GAAP income from operations of $221 million and free cash flow of $263 million. Revenue in our Communications business was $1.153 billion for the quarter, up 14% year-over-year. We've continued to drive accelerated levels of growth as we execute against a focused set of go-to-market initiatives across ISVs, self-serve, cross-sell and international expansion. As Khozema mentioned, messaging revenue growth accelerated for the fourth consecutive quarter, while we generated double-digit voice revenue growth for the first time in 2 years. Strong uptake among AI start-ups in our self-serve business contributed to the acceleration in voice revenue growth. In early June, Verizon raised its A2P messaging fee rate, which contributed $6 million in incremental pass-through to our reported communications and total revenue for the quarter. Consistent with how we handled A2P messaging fees when they were first instituted by U.S. carriers, in order to provide a consistent comparison of the business' underlying growth rate, we exclude the revenue from these incremental A2P carrier fees when calculating our organic revenue growth until we have lapped the comparative period. As a reminder, we passed these fees through at 0% gross margin. Segment revenue for the quarter was $75 million, flat year-over-year. Our Q2 dollar-based net expansion rate was 108%, reflecting the improving growth trends we've seen in our communications business over the last several quarters. Our DBNE rate for communications was 109% and the DBNE rate for segment was 95%. Pass-through revenue from incremental carrier fees contributed roughly 60 basis points to both…

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Meta Marshall of Morgan Stanley.

This is Jamie on for Meta. I guess maybe just to start off, can you speak to the traction of where you're seeing the most traction with ISVs?

This is Thomas Wyatt. So just to comment on that. We're seeing it across verticals, financial services, the health care professional services. And what we're seeing is the use cases often start with messaging and from there, adding second and third channels, whether it be voice or now more importantly with RCS and by the combination of that, the Twilio platform, providing orchestration capabilities across that with some of our newer products like conversational insights allows our ISV customers to get a true representation of the level of engagement consumer has with its brand. So we're really encouraged by our ISV growth. It continues to grow above the company averages.

Got it. And then just a quick follow-up. Is there any impact from the price increase in the quarter?

Not material. No.

Our next question comes from Jim Fish of Piper Sandler.

Yes. Thanks for the question, guys. I was going to start with a different one, but just given we brought up a price increase here, you implemented it here in the U.S. on the messaging side, just -- can you walk us through why now for a price increase? And just making sure that this wasn't tied to the Verizon A2P increase and that this is actually incremental to that. So I guess, why now and making sure this isn't just a fee raise because your costs are getting raised as well.

Jim, I'll start, and then I'll hand it over to Thomas. I want to be clear that the price increase that we did in the U.S. for messaging was not tied to the A2P fee increase that came through from Verizon. Those 2 things are separate and distinct. So I just want to make that clear. I'll hand it over to Thomas to talk about timing and why we felt it was prudent to do so.

Yes. So the raising list price, particularly in North America for a messaging business really reflects mainly in our self-service business, which is growing very fast. And we think we have pricing power in that capability. We also think the pricing does help us with some of our enterprise deals as well over time. But they're on a bit different renewal contract time line. So it will be sort of a modest increase over time for them.

Got it. And then look, your customer additions have been really strong and even stronger than last quarter. I guess, where are these customers coming from though they seem to be coming in at a smaller rate? And how much of it is tied towards that voice AI opportunity or AI opportunity generally?

We're seeing broad strength coming in from our self-service channel. There's been a number of innovations that we've made in terms of reducing the friction of the onboarding and the setup for our self-service, which has really dramatically increased the conversion rate of free users into paid users that upgrade. In addition to that, we introduced a new service for our e-mail customers only that moves it from free to more of a trial, free trial type service, and that's added some additional. But this is 1 of the strongest quarters we've had in years related to new customer acquisition. And we really had a strong new business in our enterprise segment quarter as well.

Our next question comes from Michael Turrin of Wells Fargo Securities.

Appreciate you taking the questions. I was just hoping, I mean, you gave a lot of useful bread crumbs at the Investor Day a while back on some of these aspects. But I'd just be curious to get your updated view on the durability and drivers of growth profile you're delivering, you're guiding for double-digit organic growth at the high end for the full year now? And then the commentary around actions you're taking to deliver stabilization on the gross margin side. Are those fairly immediate for us to consider when we're kind of updating models from here going forward? Is there time to impact for some of those for us to consider as we're rolling it all forward.

Sure. Michael, this is Khozema. I'll take both answers and Aidan and Thomas can add to it as they want. I'd say on the growth side, like, we feel pretty good about it. Growth has been pretty durable across a number of different industries. Obviously, it's going to be a little bit harder in the back half just because of the compares. But I would say growth feels durable. We're obviously not guiding beyond the current period. But we felt pretty good about what we've experienced in the first half. I think we've seen resilience in a number of different areas. So like there's no 1 thing particularly to point to in terms of where that strength has come from. It's industry based, it's customer base, it's geo-based. And so that all feels pretty good. In terms of gross margins, as Aidan pointed to in the context of the prepared remarks, we obviously are seeing a little bit of a mix dynamic there, and FX clipped us as well. And then, of course, you've got the Verizon fee thing. But more to your question, we are taking some actions. Let me start on the pricing side. We already talked about some of the price increases that we've undertaken. As Thomas said, A lot of that will be geared towards what we experienced on the self-serve side. And so to the extent that we have a lot more self-serve ads, you'd certainly see that faster. With respect to other customers, it's going to happen more in the context of their renewal cycles and stuff like that. And so that will happen more modestly over time, I would say. And then on the cost side, there's also a number of actions that we're taking there as well. I would say they largely have to do with optimization of our platform and the way that the costs show up there so that we're using it more efficiently. But I do think those things as well as the fact that we've got a number of higher margin -- gross margin products that are growing very, very nicely. All of that will allow us to, in kind of the near term stabilize gross margins, but over time for that to inflect up a bit.

Maybe the 1 thing I'll add, Michael, just as it relates to the fees. So we had 1 month of an impact of the new -- or the increased Verizon fees in Q2. We will have a full quarter effect of that in Q3 and Q4. So all else being equal, we'd expect it to be about $20 million of an impact in those quarters and roughly 50 basis points of a margin impact associated with that. But again, importantly, as it relates to those fees, we pass it through a 0% gross margin. So it kind of grosses up our revenue doesn't impact gross profit dollars, and it has no impact on our ability to generate off-profit dollars or free cash flow dollars going forward.

One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Mark Murphy of JPMorgan.

Khozema, we're witnessing some pretty incredible advancements in voice from the foundational AI model providers and today was a good example with the GPT 5 demo session. So since they are the ones handling all the voice synthesis and the speech parts of the equation, can you just help us understand which part of this voice AI waive -- do those companies want Twilio to handle, for instance, they mostly want you to handle a phone call or are they asking you to stream the audio to and from the bot or routing calls. I mean what is it that they're relying upon Twilio for.

Yes. Good question, Mark. So it's the full gamut, and so it really depends a lot on the customer and their specific use case. So at sort of the bare metal version, we're providing the voice infrastructure They'll ride on our rails. We'll provide the calling capabilities and they'll provide some of the intelligence on top of that. In the most extreme example on the other side of it, you'd have like our ConversationRelay product, which incorporates the voice activities, all of the voice intelligence that goes with that. The recording capability, the context awareness. And then you've got a lot of different things in between. For example, we talked about conversational intelligence that allows us to capture contacts from the different calls. And so Mark, it depends on the customer, really, I would say, for some of the kind of more AI forward AI native companies, I would say it tends to be more of the voice infrastructure side. I think when it tends to be more enterprises or, let's say, more digitally native companies that are perhaps not AI-based it tends to be our fuller stack, but it really runs in between. No matter what, obviously, we're incredibly excited about taking on those volumes. Voice overall is gross margin accretive for us, which I think is attractive and getting it back to double digits, I think, is really important.

Okay. And as a quick follow-up, maybe for Thomas or Aidan. I did notice in the customer wins that RCS you mentioned twice. And I understand a lot of it is probably earlier in a pilot phase, but are you seeing anything there that would cause you to think that messaging customers are going to expand toward RCS maybe a little faster than you expected?

We're definitely encouraged with the trends that we've seen around RCS adoption, particularly this past quarter. A lot of our ISV customers are beginning to add a bit of their percentage of their traffic over to the RCS channel, and they're getting really excellent results. We talked about a little bit of that in the prepared remarks with Fresha. So I think we're still in the early innings, but we believe that the holiday season coming up will be a really great proof point for RCS because the deliverability, the read receipts, the branded capabilities stand out compared to SMS.

Our next question comes from Taylor McGinnis of UBS.

Just maybe on the revenue outlook for this year. So if I look at the implied organic guide, it looks like at the high end, it implies growth around 7% for 4Q compared to the 8% to 9% in 3Q. I know that there's a bit of a tougher compare as we get into 4Q. So I guess anything to flag, right, in terms of potential opportunities, right, that might be incremental in 4Q versus 3Q? And then how to think about that upper compare and seasonality as well, too.

Taylor. Yes, I think you hit on the key point there. So I'd say we're really pleased with how we started the year. We've delivered 4 consecutive quarters of accelerating double-digit growth. That feels really good. I think as we talked about it's pretty broad-based in terms of where we're seeing it come from in terms of the go-to-market channels, in terms of the products, in particular, messaging and voice in terms of the regions, et cetera. So in terms of those, we think about the second half of the year, we do have tougher comparisons. As a reminder, we did have some messaging headwinds, in particular, political traffic in the third quarter and fourth quarter of last year. And we also had some improving go-to-market performance along with the new platform innovations that we introduced last year like the deliverability dashboard that kind of helps customers remediate messaging errors. So those 2 things kind of create a bit of a tougher comparison for messaging as we face into the second half of the year. But we feel really good about the momentum we've had to date, again, around self-serve cross-sell ISVs, international and we think that -- we believe that, that will help us generate durable profitable growth over the course of this year and into next year.

Our next question comes from Alex Zukin of Wolfe Research.

Just maybe a quick 2-parter for me. Khozema, maybe on voice first, kind of how did it perform relative to your expectations in the quarter? As we think about that, channel and the volume that you're seeing from it? Kind of how do we think about the aspiration for how it can contribute to kind of both top line growth over the course of maybe the next 2 quarters, but even beyond that? And then maybe on the gross margin side, you were talking about kind of sustainability or stability, if you will. If we just do kind of like an almost non-GAAP adjustment for gross margins with -- from an FX and from an A2P perspective, what was the actual kind of sequential degradation on that basis? And how do we think about the kind of longer trajectory when you start layering in tailwinds from voice?

Yes. Let me start on the first, and I'll let Aidan give you some of the math on the gross margin adjustment. As it relates to voice, I would say it's performing really well. I mean, I think we've talked a little bit about our expectations about a voice renaissance, particularly behind a lot of the voice AI use cases that you're seeing. And I think the early indication is that we're starting to see some of that. A lot of the voice volumes that we're seeing are really being built on demand from voice AI type customers, but they're also coming from a lot of other customers, which is also encouraging. And then we've launched a number of products recently as well, like ConversationRelay, conversation intelligence, that also help add to the mix in terms of like why voice is an important channel and how it's being used. And then obviously, just as it relates to kind of the broader environment, voice is being heavily utilized in a variety of AI-based use cases. And so I think that gives us a lot of encouragement in terms of the way that it's been performing the way that it contributes. I think the hard thing for us is obviously that the messaging business is still extremely large. It tends to be -- well, it has been forever, it is the largest piece of the business and it continues to grow at very, very fast rates. And so the fact that, that growth relative to any product eclipses the growth rate of any other, it's always going to impact our margin mix. But all the same, given the performance in voice, that will have some uplift. And over time, I think it will start contributing.

Alex, I'll comment a bit. And actually, just Khozema's point on the messaging mix, we actually included a page in our presentation that shows messaging kind of mix as a percentage of total Twilio revenue. And you can see how that has increased as that business has grown faster than the overall company. And so you can see that, that would have a negative mix effect. But to answer your question, which was sequentially, how do we think about non-GAAP gross margins, adjusting for fees and FX. It would have been roughly flat quarter-over-quarter relative to Q1. So the fees were roughly 30 basis points of a headwind in Q2 and the balance. There was some mix in there as well, but actually FX made up most of the balance or roughly flat quarter-over-quarter.

Our next question comes from Joshua Reilly of Needham.

How are you thinking about the balance of market share growth for messaging and international markets relative to the pricing considerations there and the lower gross margin versus the U.S. business? And how much did maybe outperformance in international messaging impact the Q2 messaging gross margin?

Maybe I'll kind of want to start on the gross margin piece. Well, we don't break out messaging, in particular, but the company -- let me just give you a little bit more color on gross margin. So for the year -- year-over-year in Q2, we were down 20 basis points. Now messaging increased almost 3 points year-over-year as a percentage of our total revenue. That alone had a 150 basis point impact on the company, just the fact that it mixed higher. And then you had -- if you want to a prior answer, the fees and the FX, which really made up the difference in terms of the year-over-year walk. So those were primarily kind of what drove the gross margin decline year- over-year. And I'll kick it back over to Thomas to talk about the international.

Yes. Just from a go-to-market perspective, in general, we're looking at messaging and voice and trying to consider the full balance because in practice, a lot of our customers were really trying to drive more of a cross-sell multi-product type of adoption. And oftentimes, customers land with messaging and then add voice. And we've seen that acceleration, particularly in the last couple of quarters, just taking self-service globally, for example, it is -- voice has been the fastest channel of growth for us. And as we talked about at Investor Day, 63% of our enterprise customers started in voice -- or sorry, started in self-service. So we see that trend continuing, and we want to grow market share as much as possible to continue to build that platform layer and deliver orchestration. And so sometimes it's easier to land internationally in messaging and then add voice and other channels as we go, and we've seen really good growth in international in the last couple of quarters.

Awesome. And then just a quick follow-up on the product development in AI. How are you prioritizing product investments relative to the efficiency that you need for the 2027 financial targets that you put out there?

Just to make sure I understand your question. You're asking how are we prioritizing R&D investments as it relates to our op margin targets, i.e., are we more efficient on that line?

Yes, exactly. Just given that there's all these incremental opportunities for AI product development, was that factored into the financial target for 2027?

Yes. I mean I'd say, by and large, yes, I mean, obviously, we have a framework out there. I'm not going to necessarily provide updates on that 1 way or the other. But I think -- what we talked about in the context of the current call is that in the short term, we saw an opportunity to put a little bit more emphasis on R&D dollars to be able to accelerate our growth. I think the results of which have been in the current year that we've been able to take up our cash flow and profitability guidance like pretty consistently over a period of time. Obviously, revenue has gone up as well. And so I think so long as the investments that we make support our ongoing ability to generate free cash flow, we'll look at that balance very carefully. But I don't see anything that's in there that gives me cause for concern.

Our next question comes from Siti Panigrahi of Mizuho.

Great. Khozema, I have a high-level question on AI. If you look at 2021 and '22, the opportunity from COVID for 2 years does like $1 billion revenue you're adding every year. But when you look at agentic AI or even voice AI opportunity, all that, how big that could be and over what time frame? Do you think this is more like a multiple of that opportunity over a longer time frame? Or any color would be helpful.

I think that -- it's hard for me to kind of put like dollar figures to it specifically, but I think what it is, is going to be materially TAM expansive. I think that every single AI capability that gets added, it's beneficial to Twilio fundamentally. I'll start sort of at the bottom. I think every one of these companies that we're seeing for the most part, like they attach themselves to Twilio just given our brand, our performance and we're a very attractive entry point, as Thomas alluded to a moment ago in terms of self-serve, which is where a lot of these, if not the majority of these customers end up starting. I think then if you look at the opposite end of the spectrum, so perhaps enterprises, I think enterprises as well as they start to figure out like what it is that they're going to do with AI, in so many different cases, they're either turning to Twilio or turning to partners of Twilio, which is also additive ultimately to Twilio in terms of the size of the opportunity that we see going forward. I certainly think that AI has been a contributor in terms of the way that we've been growing the company over the last several quarters. I think it's been a tailwind for us. But I think more importantly, it really positions us in the center of the AI value chain ultimately because we can be both an infrastructure provider as well as a full stack solutions provider at the platform in which we're orchestrating channels. We're orchestrating contacts, and we're allowing our customers to be able to really personalize interactions. And so just given the gamut of opportunities that I see I think that it is really TAM expansive. And over time, it will add material dollars to the top line.

That's a helpful color. And then a quick follow-up. Your voice is around 12% of revenue. But if you think of SIP trunking, how big is that of the voice business?

Yes. We don't give the breakdown there. We give the kind of breakdown of voice periodically. Voice infrastructure tends to be the contributor and obviously, it's driving the margins of voice. And so you can take some signal from that, but we don't provide a breakdown beyond that.

Our next question comes from Arjun Bhatia of William Blair.

Yes. Perfect. Thank you so much. I think -- the incremental R&D investments certainly makes sense, right, especially if you're seeing traction. I'm curious, though, like when -- if you think about just breaking it down where exactly those go? Is that just incremental engineers? Is that some infrastructure? And what do you think it kind of adds from a product platform perspective, that you don't have today?

Well, I think it's going to be predominantly in engineering. I mean, obviously, we're all experiencing this huge AI opportunity that we spoke of just a moment ago and answered to some of the other questions, but I think the customer reactions that we got at our conference, our SIGNAL conference in the U.S., our SIGNAL Conference in Brazil, I think really speak to the size of the opportunity that our customers are talking to us about. And so -- this is kind of a once-in-a-generation technology paradigm and you don't want to lose a step, obviously, when these things are happening. We're not going to make irresponsible investments. We're going to continue to generate strong operating profit dollars, strong cash flow. But I think when opportunities like this come along, especially that are perhaps once in a generation, it is important to make sure that you stay ahead of them so that you can capture the fullness of the opportunity and what we're doing is not more complicated than that. And again, we're going to make responsible investments, but it's really behind AI and it's going to be predominantly in engineering.

If I could just add to that, Khozema, just from a customer's perspective, they're really pushing us continued acceleration around RCS and voice AI capabilities, and we're just seeing such a strong demand for that, that any additional acceleration in the road map will benefit us over time.

Okay. Perfect. Understood. And then 1 of the other things that kind of stuck out from SIGNAL, I think, was just the integration of customer profiles from segment into the comps business, along with the rest of your technology? And can you give some kind of stats on relay and conversational intelligence earlier. But I'm curious how customers are responding to that integration of profiles. Is that something they're already taking advantage of? Is that something that's still to come? And how might it kind of enrich the broader commerce platform?

Yes. Thomas, I can both speak to it. I think from my perspective, every customer conversation I've had since the SIGNAL event that we had in the U.S. has probably started with a conversation about ConversationRelay that's customers asking about it, not me pitching it. And so I'd say that's pretty encouraging in terms of the kinds of things that they want to be able to do with our stack. That is, by far, the most integrated version that we've got, and it's kind of the most fully featured capability that we offer. But equally, we're seeing a lot of uptake with conversational intelligence, for example, different kinds of software add-ons that fundamentally utilize segment capabilities, data capabilities that integrate with our communications, those are in very high demand as well. Those are growing very nicely. So I would say in general, the combination of our data business with our communications business has been extremely well received by customers and more importantly, is driving a lot of ROI for them.

Just to add an example. This particular quarter, we had a leading fashion retailer that was expanding with us using agent copilot and it's really the use cases, enhancing agent productivity, reducing customer wait times. -- and ultimately reducing the number of seasonal hires the customer needed to bring on to handle peak periods. So this is just an example of the Twilio architecture of being able to have a platform with multiple channels and driving personalization from segment across every channel. We think that's a unique value proposition and our customers are loving that.

Our next question comes from Patrick Walravens of Citizens Bank.

Congratulations, guys. So Khozema, it's been almost 5 years since Twilio acquired Segment. And I just thought since you're not going to break it out anymore, just maybe we could do just sort of a how did the evolution of this space impact this business? I mean is it just that the CDP market really shifted towards data platforms like Snowflake and -- Snowflake and Databricks? Or was it something else? What happened to that space?

Well, I think the original thesis for us when we bought segment was that more intelligent communications were going to be the future of this company. And so I think putting aside some of the other developments that have happened in the broader CDP landscape, which are, frankly, in some ways, less the focus for us, the opportunity to be able to drive intelligent conversations, intelligent communications highly personalized interactions between our customers and consumers, like that was always the goal when we bought the company. And I think we're really starting to see the fruition of that original strategy. We've launched a number of different products that integrate the 2 capabilities natively in singular APIs. I think that's really exciting. It makes it easier for customers to adopt, obviously. And then every quarter, we've added increasingly richer capabilities so that our customers in the context of communications can use contextual data to be able to drive richer and richer understanding of what their consumers are doing to be able to drive higher personalization. So I'd say again, putting aside what's happened in sort of the broader CDP, the strategy of the company had been to fundamentally integrate CDP into the communications business and that's what we've done. And I think based on the traction that we're seeing with it, that's really exciting.

And then Aidan, if I could ask a follow-up. You commented in your prepared remarks that for the gross margins, we are investing at the platform level to ensure we're delivering our services efficiently. So that caught my attention. What are those investments?

Yes. Let me give you an example. So for our e-mail platform, for example, our e-mail product, we're in the process of migrating off of legacy data centers to cloud. And so that takes a little bit of time. That probably takes several quarters, and there's a period of time in which you have a double bubble of costs. We did this a segment actually in 2024, if you recall, and so we're in the process of doing the same thing for e-mail. Again, a little bit of cost and margin headwind in the short term, but it's the right long-term play. So that's an example of something that would fall into that bucket. The other things we're doing like on the messaging side, we're looking to establish more direct connections. That's something that we're kind of continuously doing as we operate around the world. We're also leveraging our balance sheet where it makes sense to do so in terms of prepaying carriers to secure better pricing. So a number of different things, but that just gives you some examples, Pat.

Our next question comes from Jackson Ader of KeyBanc Capital Markets.

On the AI voice piece, is this a separate competitive environment from kind of the rest of your business? Are you competing more on your like-for-like capabilities with point solutions in that area?

Not as much as you might think. I mean, clearly, there are a ton of voice AI vertical companies that are out there. I'd say in so many of those instances, we shared some stats at our Investor Day like some really, really compellingly high stats that so many of those companies are building on our infrastructure. And so in the first instance, like that's pretty compelling. I think the tricky thing is, is that for a lot of companies that you might think we would end up competing with, I think our ability to use our CDP, this kind of goes to the prior question as well, our ability to use our CDP to be able to drive context inside of those interactions as you've got voice to voice or agent to human, whatever the paradigm is, in terms of those interactions, I think that gives us a bit of a leg up. But if a customer comes to us and says, "Hey, look, we've already got an LLM that we've got credits with." We want to be able to integrate that with you guys like we are open season on that, and we certainly support a wide variety of different LLMs that we will integrate to rapidly. But if they want to go in the opposite direction, which we're seeing a lot of too, like with ConversationRelay, for example, we'll support that all day long as well. So it really kind of runs the gamut.

And I'd say it's a pretty exciting time, Jackson, just maybe a stat to give you -- so we have a number of different AI start-ups that were founded in just the last 3 years, spending over 7 figures with us today. And our top 10, I'd say, start-ups in that cohort, they have a blended gross margin of over 80%. So a lot to be excited about here.

Okay. A quick follow-up on pricing. In a future state where hopefully your multiproduct customers have a more cohesive contract structure, let's say. How do you view your ability to drive pricing maybe in that future?

Yes, I was just going to say, look, I think in the short term, what we're trying to do is really grow into multiple products, right? And I think just given the number of customers that we have today for which that opportunity exists, that's kind of our initial approach. I think the second thing is that as it relates to sort of the broader AI opportunity, like that also presents a pretty compelling opportunity. Those 2 actions alone because of the fact that they're gross margin accretive, I think will add accretion over time. Again, you've got this messaging mix dynamics or just kind of putting that aside, assuming that, that was a level loaded, you'd see gross margin accretion just as a result of those things. I think as it relates to price on sort of the core stack, the reality is actually that we raised price periodically on list pretty regularly, it does take time, especially with some of our larger enterprise customers for that to bleed through, but you see the more immediate impact in self-serve.

Our next question comes from William Power of Baird.

Maybe a follow-up first just on guidance and implications for the second half of the year. I may have missed this, but the messaging price increase that's occurring in the U.S., what kind of tailwind or impact does that have on guidance for the second half? And then Khozema, in your prepared remarks, I think you talked about some real improvements in large deal traction year-over-year. I just wondered if there's anything else you can unpack there. Any common factors? What's kind of helping drive that.

Maybe Thomas, do you want to speak to the large deal activity and then I can pick up.

Yes. Yes, yes. No, absolutely, the large deal activity has been 1 of the brighter spots of the business for the last few quarters, but I think this quarter in particular, it stood out with 57% growth in customers spending over $500,000 with us in the quarter. So just in general, this speaks to the nature of a lot more of our platform selling, cross-selling motion where oftentimes customers are landing with messaging, increasing their volume and then we're seeing them add more software capabilities on top of messaging. We had a really strong quarter with products like Verify and Fraud Guard, for example. And then, of course, we've talked a lot about voice today. But importantly, the voice add-ons are doing quite well on top of the voice infrastructure components, which is critical. And so those combinations together are allowing us to drive much larger deal sizes, and we're seeing that whether it's in our ISV business or whether it's in our direct business globally.

And then on the pricing question, Will, we don't anticipate really having a material impact over the balance of the year. It's North America only, and it primarily affects our self-service customers, as Thomas mentioned. So it will have a bit of an impact, but nothing material at the consolidated level. It will take some time to work its way through kind of the renewal cycles with some of our bigger customers.

Our last question comes from Derrick Wood of TD Cowen.

Khozema, could you comment on the robo call market? It seems like volumes are growing at a decent clip in the U.S. this year. Just how much of robo call type use cases go through your voice business? And what's your approach to this market longer term, especially in the age of AI.

Yes. there's different kinds of robo calling, obviously, the fraudulent stuff like we take like really, really significant compliance measures to ensure that, that traffic does not run through our platform. As it relates to robo calling more generally, like I'd say it's not like a big piece of what we ultimately do. Like what we're doing in large part is a lot of the voice infrastructure. I think where -- if you want to call this robo calling, like there are instances in which there'll be phone call notifications that happen when there are delivery schedules or notifications required about a specific expertise that's being delivered. I can think of a handful of examples off the top of my head that involves stuff like that. And then as it relates to AI, I would say that's not really the thing that kind of creates the AI opportunity for us. meaning it's not robo calls. It tends to be more sophisticated use cases that are around customer care or service. And then obviously, inside of the company, we do some customer care stuff with our voice AI stack, and we also do some inbound sales prospecting with it.

Understood. And if I could squeeze 1 more in. There were a bunch of regulatory changes in a number of countries in recent months, including new center ID registration rules and new KYC requirements. Just wondering, did things like this have any impact on your business, whether from a sales cycle or a cost of sale perspective, just anything to flag and the potential disruption from regulatory changes like this or potential positive impact.

Yes. I think that over time, I would imagine that there's some positive benefits here. I think in the short term, the short answer is no. We don't see a lot of impact as a result of different regulatory changes. We are very proactive with regulators in effectively every market. So we typically have pretty advanced notice. We're typically participating in the way in which a lot of this regulation gets shaped, being the largest provider globally, regulators are often coming to us asking about what makes sense, what doesn't make sense, how we predict the consumer. We're obviously in favor of anything that ultimately does end up protecting the consumer just given that it protects the ecosystem more broadly. So I would say, short term, no impact. Longer term, probably a mild positive impact. Because it reinforces compliance in the ecosystem more broadly.

This concludes the question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn it back over for closing remarks. Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect.