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TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. (TPVG)

Q2 2021 Earnings Call· Thu, Aug 5, 2021

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Transcript

Operator

Operator

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Second Quarter 2021 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all lines have been placed in a listen-only mode. After the speakers' remarks, there will be an opportunity to ask questions and instructions will follow at that time. This conference is being recorded and a replay of the call will be available in an audio webcast on the TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC website. Company management is pleased to share with you the company's results for the second quarter of 2021. Today, representing the company is Jim Labe, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board; Sajal Srivastava, President and Chief Investment Officer, and Chris Mathieu, Chief Financial Officer. Before I turn the call over to Mr. Labe, I'd like to direct your attention to the customary safe harbor disclosure in the company's press release regarding forward-looking statements and remind you that during this call, management will make certain statements that relate to the future events or the company's future performance or financial condition, which are considered forward-looking statements under federal securities law. You are asked to refer to the company's most recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission for important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. The company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements or projections unless required by law. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements made during the call, which reflect management's opinions only as of today. To obtain copies of our latest SEC filings, please visit the company's website at www.tpvg.com. Now, I'd like to turn the conference over to Mr. Labe.

Jim Labe

Management

Thank you, operator. Good afternoon and thank you all for joining the TPVG Second Quarter Earnings Call. We made strong progress during this past quarter from exceeding our funding target to maintaining high credit quality and to increasing our portfolio yield return on average equity and net asset value or NAV. The most notable progress is a continued rise we are seeing in signed term sheets, which was one of the highest quarterly totals in TPVG's history. Additionally, our pipeline increased 50% over last quarter and is more than doubled since a year ago. We have substantial liquidity to meet this increased demand and we're on course to achieve the growth targets we outlined for the second half of the year and drive consistent long-term growth of investment income in net asset value. The venture capital operating environment is remarkably strong right now. In the first half of 2021, the totals for venture capital investments exits and fundraising neared or exceeded the totals for all of 2020. Deals of larger sizes continue to get announced and we are witnessing more investments specifically in late-stage companies, which is a market where TPVG operates. Total of $109 billion has been committed in the first half of the year to this stage already matching the total for all of 2020. A total of 123 US venture-capital backed companies, IPO in the first half. Thirty-three of them were specs. The market factors are in our favor and as you will hear our warrant and equity portfolio stands to continue to benefit along with our expectation of increased portfolio company exit events. As we focus on capitalizing on this robust environment, it's critically important to maintain a disciplined approach to portfolio growth and we don't ever want to compromise on credit quality. For that reason,…

Sajal Srivastava

Management

Thank you, Jim, and good afternoon. As Jim mentioned the venture capital markets and the demand for venture lending continue to be particularly robust and we are making disciplined progress as we execute on our playbook for 2021. With regards to investment activity during the second quarter TriplePoint Capital signed $250.8 million of term sheets with venture growth stage companies. Our fourth highest quarterly level for venture growth stage signed term sheets since TPVG's IPO seven years ago and we closed $102.5 million of debt commitments to six companies at TPVG. Signed term sheets and closed commitments were both up from last quarter. We continue to invest in high-quality companies in attractive and growing sectors the sectors of our investments closely resemble the investment activity of the top venture capital funds and as Jim mentioned the sectors we continue to be most excited and focused on our software Fintech, eCommerce, and HealthTech which we're all quite active from a private markets and public markets perspective. Of the new portfolio companies this quarter, two are Software as a Service or SaaS companies, two are direct to consumer subscription businesses, one is an online marketplace, and the last one is in the business of acquiring and rolling up profitable small businesses that sell on Amazon and other marketplaces. During the second quarter, we also received warrants valued at $2.2 million in seven portfolio companies in conjunction with our debt commitments as compared to receiving warrants valued at $1.6 million in 13 companies last quarter. This increase demonstrates that we are capturing more equity upside potential from our portfolio companies, while still raising the bar on yield. We also made three direct equity investments valued at $200,000 during the quarter, of which one has more than doubled during the same quarter again reflective…

Chris Mathieu

Management

Thank you, Sajal. Hello, everybody. Let me take you through our financial results for the second quarter of 2021. Total investment income for the quarter was $20.3 million with a portfolio yield of 13.9% on total debt investments for the second quarter as compared to $23.8 million and 13.7% for the prior-year period. Total investment income reflects a lower debt balance because of significant loan prepayment activity since the start of the pandemic. We're pleased that the portfolio yields continue to be strong and stable. Operating expenses were $10.9 million and 11% reduction as compared to $12.3 million for the prior-year period. We recorded lower operating expenses across all major categories including $4.1 million of interest expense and amortization of fees, $3.1 million of base management fees, $2.4 million of incentive fees, $500,000 of administrative expenses, and $800,000 of general and administrative expenses. Net investment income was $9.4 million or $0.30 per share for the second quarter, compared to $8.9 million or $0.29 per share for the first quarter. Net unrealized gains on investments for the second quarter were $3.2 million or $0.10 per share, resulting primarily from favorable fair value adjustments on debt investments of $1.9 million on warrant and equity investments of $800,000 and favorable changes in foreign exchange rates of $500,000. During the second quarter, the company recorded a one-time $681,000 or $0.02 per share net realized loss on extinguishment of debt. This was the result of the full redemption on April 5th of our baby bonds. With this redemption complete, we expect a positive effect to earnings as we continue to lower our cost of capital going forward. Net asset value increased quarter-over-quarter and year-to-date. Net increase in net assets resulting from operations was $12 million or $0.39 per share, despite the one-time loss on extinguishment…

Operator

Operator

We will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Our first question today comes from Finian O'Shea with Wells Fargo.

Finian O'Shea

Analyst

Hi, everyone, good afternoon. First question, Sajal, just to ask about the growing venture landscape on both the debt and equity side. I know we talk about new debt entrance often on this call but seeing more financial investment firms across the board going into venture equity, can you talk about how generally these pockets are in terms of their demand for venture debt in their strategies? Is it generally more or less? Jim, actually, do you want to talk about the competitive landscape and maybe?

Jim Labe

Management

Yes. Finn, from a competitive standpoint, at least in terms of the market we're serving and recall, we're only working with a group of the better select venture capital investors. There surely been no change. It continues to be the aggressive equity environment and there is some balance to that now, which is the only competition we worry about. There're certainly folks there that try to dabble in venture lending or new entrants and why not? Because look at the attractive yield that we generate in this business, but at the end of the day, the barriers are about reputation, references, and relationships. It's not about just having capital in a business card and it continues to be about not only the venture ecosystem of a community of networking and deal flow and entrepreneurs that we work with, but it's also about the specialized due diligence in this whole segment that it requires. So, at least from our standpoint, there really hasn't been any kind of change in the venture lending competition arena, if that's what you're referring to.

Finian O'Shea

Analyst

Yes, sure. Helpful. Another sort of high level, but as it relates to your origination portfolio, you saw a decent repays this quarter and decent impact of prepays in the topline, but feels like it's maybe not what it used to be something we've been thinking here in recent quarters, perhaps a trend, but is that something you observe and how would you comment on that?

Sajal Srivastava

Management

Yes, Fin. This is Sajal here. What I would say is one of the benefits of working with quality sponsors in great companies is they support their companies. So, particularly, last year right during the uncertainty of COVID, what we saw was our VC investors deployed more capital into their portfolio companies. So, we saw a significant amount of equity raising within the portfolio and as a result, we saw particularly robust prepay activity last year. I think now we've seen the mindset or there is more balance in the system, I would say, but last year, it was more reactive in terms of the equity raise. Now, we're seeing folks are kind of now back to good old growth. So, the capital raises our balance with regards to equity raising and debt raising. So, I would say, because of that I think we're seeing kind of stabilization is what I can say or more return to normal when it comes to prepay levels and prepay activity. Then I think, as Jim mentioned in his remarks, more interesting is, we're seeing those companies that were so well funded with fresh equity last year, now coming back to the debt markets, because they realize that that's a critical part of the cap structure and they are looking to top off those reasons. So, I'd say, definitely, we are seeing more balance and more thoughtful use of both equity and debt for companies that are raising equity now.

Finian O'Shea

Analyst

Sure, makes sense. And I'll go for a third one possible. So, we've seen a, this is something that happens a little bit over time but feels like another increasing trend of your portfolio companies showing up in other BDCs not only venture ones, but more typical ones. Would you describe that as these companies graduating into more traditional financing or those other BDCs being perhaps more aggressive? And that's all from me. Thank you.

Sajal Srivastava

Management

Yes. Again, I would say listen we're supportive of our portfolio companies. We have the full capacity of our platform to meet their needs regardless of size or transaction type. I think though we stick to our knitting when it comes to return structure and again that thoughtful balance between debt and equity and we also have the benefit of insight with the venture investors that we have those long-standing relationships. And then because of our long history and let's call it the farm system of working through the platform. We also have the added insights of track record and performance of the credit. So I would say our thoughts are - we don't lose credits that we want to stay in assuming the risk return profile and balance is there and so we hope all of our companies recognize that it's not about the cheapest. The largest, it's about the balance and pedigree and as Jim talked about but not everyone necessarily sees that. So again, we've been doing this 23 years. We know you can't win them all and someone may come in with [indiscernible] term sheet are ridiculous size transaction and we're just not going to play in that market and so we just again stick to our knitting. And so what more power to others, if they want to get more aggressive with regards to price or size where we don't want it.

Finian O'Shea

Analyst

Very well. Thank you, Sajal.

Operator

Operator

Our next question comes from Crispin Love with Piper Sandler.

Crispin Love

Analyst · Piper Sandler.

Thanks. Thanks, good afternoon. So following up on the previous pre-pay question, just looking at the third quarter. I see the 18 million of pre-payments through August 4. Can you just talk a little bit about how July has compared to the first and second quarter and then with the third quarter, would you estimate that third quarter pre-payments should be similar to 2Q levels.

Jim Labe

Management

Chris, I'll start and then maybe if you can do some of the quarter-over-quarter comparison. So, Crispin, Welcome. I would say the - our prepay activity is primarily related here in Q3 to equity fundraising activity. So I'd say there is no pattern of they pay in July. First of the month or second month and third month, I think for these companies in particular this quarter it was a function of when equity rounds closed and large equity rounds and so the timing of paying us off was related to that and I'd say in general, as I mentioned earlier, the prior questions that we're definitely seeing more balanced with regards to the prepaid levels and not all portfolio companies that raise equity or necessarily prepaying all or some of their debt, so I'd say definitely more balanced. Chris, I know if you want to comment with regards to just prepay activity where we are today versus Q2 or Q1.

Chris Mathieu

Management

Yes. I would just add that the $18 million that was referenced on the call today is one transaction. And much like we've seen in the past, it's really measured-only; it's not - we're not a credit card business, where there's a lot of prepayment activity. It's very much specifically identified on short notice. And so, that, I would say that's consistent for both first quarter, second quarter and then the one transaction so, far this third quarter.

Crispin Love

Analyst · Piper Sandler.

Okay, thanks. That's helpful. And then looking at the funded debt investments in the second quarter believe it was the $76 million of the same portfolio companies. Can you just break out the mix of those seven companies was that a mix of new and existing portfolio companies out of the seven? And then, which what bare that sub-sectors you were you funded there. And I guess just also just which sub-sectors are you most excited about right now?

Jim Labe

Management

Yes. Maybe I'll work backwards and then give Chris some time to pull-in. So, I would say, clearly what we're particularly excited about Fintech, software e-commerce and HealthTech those are our core sectors that we deploy our capital in and then I think Chris as we said in the prepared remarks, you know the good the utilization this quarter of fundings or of new commitment funding. So, higher percentage of the portfolio companies that closed deals in Q2 actually utilize I'd say particularly high percentage were new customers, because the transactions this quarter were new customers. And then I do believe there were maybe one or two companies that were from existing customers that had follow-on fundings on their unfunded commitments. Chris, any more detail you wanted to add?

Chris Mathieu

Management

Yes. There were five new customers and two existing. So, very, very consistent with Sajal had referred to during his prepared remarks as far as existing relationships or existing commitments versus new commitments in the second quarter and actually funding as well.

Crispin Love

Analyst · Piper Sandler.

Great. Thank you for taking my questions.

Operator

Operator

Our next question comes from Christopher Nolan with Ladenburg Thalmann.

Christopher Nolan

Analyst · Ladenburg Thalmann.

Hey, guys. Chris, in your comments, did you say that you expect the quarterly EPS to cover the dividend in the second half?

Chris Mathieu

Management

I didn't say that. What I was what our trend will be is to originate to get to a level where it's sustainable. So, we clearly need to get to the $100 million, $150 million in the third and fourth quarter. And then we're on track for doing that.

Christopher Nolan

Analyst · Ladenburg Thalmann.

Great. And I guess for Jim, strategically, given the discussion in Washington of raising the capital gains tax. What do you think would be the implications for the venture debt market?

Jim Labe

Management

Yes. So, in the whole venture lending arena. I think it's mostly due to the nature of the companies and also the nature of the business and the tax losses in those kinds of things that changes in capital gains in the effect on venture lending at least so far hasn't come up is any kind of potential issue for companies for prospects in the venture lending side. I do know on the equity side of Venture capital. There's a lot more debate, lot more issues, lot more concerns, but at least right now, we don't see that as a factor in terms of whether not be company wants to use debt financing with warrants attached to grow their business.

Christopher Nolan

Analyst · Ladenburg Thalmann.

That's it from me. Thank you.

Operator

Operator

Our next question comes from Casey Alexander with Compass Point.

Casey Alexander

Analyst · Compass Point.

Hi, good afternoon. Just one probably not very important question, but the scheduled principal amortization was a lot higher for this quarter, does that include like a full pay off at maturity as opposed to regular kind of quarterly drip by drip amortization.

Jim Labe

Management

Yes. Casey that included the $5 million that Sajal had referred to in his prepared remarks.

Casey Alexander

Analyst · Compass Point.

From Prodigy [ph].

Jim Labe

Management

From Prodigy. Yes, a little bit lumpier than you would have otherwise expected.

Sajal Srivastava

Management

Yes. So we shouldn't be looking at that level of regular quarterly amortization next quarter.

Jim Labe

Management

That's right.

Casey Alexander

Analyst · Compass Point.

Yes, okay. And Sajal, you made reference, and forgive me, I didn't quite catch it at the time about doing something to encourage better utilization of the unfunded commitments that you have and I'm not - I didn't quite catch it, if you could go over that again, it would be helpful.

Sajal Srivastava

Management

Sure, Casey. So as we looked at the $76 million that we funded this quarter, 95% of those were obligor's where we closed transactions with them in the quarter. So rather than having entered the loan commitment and then waiting for them six months to 12 months to potentially draw on their unfunded commit with us this quarter, we drove higher utilization of the new commitments to actually drive closed.

Casey Alexander

Analyst · Compass Point.

Is there something that you're doing to encourage that or what is driving that?

Sajal Srivastava

Management

Not channel perspective. So, the yield went up and the warrant value went up. I would say it's an element of use case of how some of the companies were using the debt just negotiating discussions with them and. And I would say, again, kind of where these companies are from a growth perspective - just wanted to accelerate growth in and utilize the capital now. So, I'd say it's a little bit of structuring, a little bit of specific to the companies, and then a little bit of it is how the capital is actually being used.

Casey Alexander

Analyst · Compass Point.

Okay. All right, great. Thank you. Appreciate it.

Operator

Operator

Our next question comes from Devin Ryan with JMP Securities.

Devin Ryan

Analyst · JMP Securities.

Great. Good afternoon, everyone. Great to see the growth of the pipeline and maybe into dig in a little bit more. If there is any other or any additional color you can share, just on the makeup? And how it's been evolving? Whether it's the pricing structure and the kind of comparing the first companies in versus the last companies.

Sajal Srivastava

Management

Jim, do you want to take that pipeline question?

Jim Labe

Management

Yes. So, in terms of pipeline growth in some of the drivers, I'd say it's a little bit more of a balance environment now. It was one thing during let's say the height of the 2020 pandemic where there were huge rounds and on a per new orders, we're grabbing big valuations and $200 million, $300 million at once in rounds in them, that was the, those are the primary way to finance companies. And now I think with a step back, even with these kinds of valuations in this environment it some you know after all using debt to complement and enhance the equity raise using debt to finance acquisitions versus just pure equity dollars in some of the other things going on as I mentioned in prepared remarks about the SPAC environment, some of the, call it the interest rate increases and inflationary fears out there and everything, it's like. I would say there is a lot more, I guess I keep using the word balance here that we're seeing and the pipeline literally increased 50% over last quarter. And I'm actually expecting that kind of rate the previous this current quarter. I don't know if I answered your question or not but in the market today is despite

Devin Ryan

Analyst · JMP Securities.

Yes, Jim.

Jim Labe

Management

Despite robust…

Devin Ryan

Analyst · JMP Securities.

Yes, go ahead.

Jim Labe

Management

If I might add, I would say, Devin, it's fundamentally the companies are focused on growth. And so what growth means is it's, they are accelerating spend, and so they need more capital, and as Jim was referring to. It's now - it's a more of a balance between using equity and debt. And I think it goes back to that core theme right now. Investors, private equity investors for the next round. Our rewarding companies for top line growth for achieving this business milestones sooner and faster, and so it's in the alignment for these companies to accelerate growth because they're being rewarded for it because that's what investors are focused on for this next rounds. And so, and then the value proposition of venture debt continues to be right, where less the dilutive than raising equity and so that's why we just continue to see strong demand.

Devin Ryan

Analyst · JMP Securities.

Okay, that's great color. Thank you. And then maybe a bigger picture question just love to get your reaction here, clearly, you guys have done this a long time. And so as you think about the evolution of the venture space and really you have the quality of the companies that are in this space. Today, whether it's Fintech or software commerce. Some of the areas that are attractive. How was that progressed, have you seen environment with as many call it quality companies as they are today in those areas. I know it's been an evolution here, but in a positive way. And does that at all change your thinking on leverage comfort or kind of bigger picture, does that change anything, just given that there has been kind of a progression in terms of quality. I think the entire universe but get your thoughts on that?

Sajal Srivastava

Management

Yes. I mean - let me start, and then Jim, please feel free to add. So I would say, again, we've been through these cycles. What we, - again, we can only comment on the universe of the venture capital funds that we work. Right. So it's an upper echelon higher tier. But what I would say, we're definitely strikes me is different is 20 years ago during the tech bubble, you would see six or eight companies that did the same thing. And they were funded by Premier, but they all kind of did I can tell you probably three different pet stores or equivalent. And so there were just a number. There was a lot more money funding, a lot more overlap in companies and I think what makes us feel really great is despite these strong levels if not record levels of VC equity investment activity. We're not seeing the fifth version of that whatever the getting funded and so it's, I think again, we're just seeing great companies, great subsectors getting funded, great teams, yes, there is some overlap, but it's not as head to head as we saw or commoditized, which makes us feel great. I think, interestingly enough. I would say we're not seeing increased levels of leverage within those companies because again we're in robust equity environment. And so we continue to have a playbook, we know what their representative amount of debt, a company in each stage of their development vis-à-vis their milestones and enterprise value and investor base should be. So, I don't think you'll see us kind of get overly aggressive from that perspective, because we've been done that. But I would definitely say we're just feeling great. I mean these are great companies, solid companies, and great backing and doing good things and achieving a lot of great things.

Jim Labe

Management

Yes. I can only add I haven't been involved in it that long. The '60s probably when VC started, but my observation is pretty much along those lines, as well as really venture capital, the field itself has progressed and maybe it's a recency effect, but I would absolutely agree that the quality is probably the highest over this long span of being involved in the business. And I think large part, some of it's due to venture capital is a lot more developed has progressed through the years VC firms are more organized sectors technologies structuring deals is much better understanding. Understood now, there may be 10 years ago and 10 years before that, and a lot of it's just learning from the ups and downs successes of the past. But it's a much more refined business and due to see all this money in the market today and the opportunities for debt in the quality of these companies and entrepreneurs again in that upper echelon that we deal in is we just have to use that were overused word exciting. It's very exciting times. And I think some of the best times we've seen in the market over the long span.

Devin Ryan

Analyst · JMP Securities.

Okay, I agree. I will leave it there. Thanks very much.

Operator

Operator

Our next question comes from Ryan Lynch with KBW.

Ryan Lynch

Analyst · KBW.

Hey, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. The first one, I just wanted to hit on the kind of market activity in and the kind of outlook for exits and prepayments. I mean, so far in the first two quarters in 2021, it doesn't look like exits or prepayments have really been through elevated relative to the kind of activity that you're seeing in the venture capital space. And so I'm just wondering, do you expect that to change? Because one would think that given the activity in the venture space that prepayments and exits would actually increase. But again, we haven't seen that you expect that to occur in the second half of 2021, and do you expect your guys' fundings to be able to outpace that if that is going to [ph]?

Jim Labe

Management

Sure. Yes, right. So, I would say the prepayment activity for us has been primarily due to private raises of equity capital not M&A or IPO financings. We're not banking on a take out, we don't need that exit event to take us help, so it's primarily equity fundraising, because these companies just have so much cash in their banks that they're paying us off. So, when that the exit event actually occurs, there is no prepayment, because again we've been prepaid for some time. I'll pick on Revolut as an example, huge equity not an exit, but huge raise some, they had paid us off some time ago. So, I would say, clearly here and there, we do have some portfolio companies. Let's say the SPAC generation that may have some debt outstanding. But I would say, historically, it's been the take-out or the prepay has been as a result of an equity raise and that's why when we see the exit event being as an IPO and M&A or a SPAC merger, we're only seeing the uplift in the equity and warrants because we already saw the debt prepaid. Now, as we look to the second half of this year in terms of prepayment activity from our core equity raises, as I mentioned, we're just seeing a little more balance from portfolio companies that are fundraising or that are closing fund-raises, they're either waiting to pay off the debt, they're either not paying off the debt or we're talking with them about creative ways to keep the debt outstanding and again we're coming off a base of last year where there was just so much activity that we saw such unusual early high prepay activity, but definitely more balance this year and I think we expect more balances as we kind of end the year, which we think will then translate into meaningful portfolio growth.

Ryan Lynch

Analyst · KBW.

Okay, that's helpful color. Understood. Then the other question I had was, you talked a lot about, this is for the last really several quarters, the amount of capital coming into the venture capital ecosystem. The level of several portfolio companies engaged in SPAC mergers or raising significant amounts of capital during the private markets. It feels like it's a really robust exit environment/a good environment for capital raising and increasing valuations across the venture space. Now, I understand that you guys do have a big gain likely coming in the third quarter from Revolut, but are you surprised, because it's a little bit surprising given the level of activity that there is in the marketplace in the venture space that you guys book values only up 40 basis points in the first two quarters in total in 2021. I would have expected more gains in the equity and warrant portfolios just given how robust with the backdrop of the environment we're in and kind of what you've talked about as far as capital raisings and deal activity.

Jim Labe

Management

Great question. Chris, do you want to take it and comment on private company valuations and equity valuations?

Chris Mathieu

Management

Yes. It is an interesting question. The public versus private valuation cycle. It's not as simple as just taking the last round times the number of shares we hold, it's much more complicated than that. On the Revolut situation as an example, there is a range of acceptable private company valuation methodologies that have to be applied, including liquidity discounts, and preferences and alike. So, the other thing that we are experiencing that Sajal talked a little bit about earlier on the call was the impact of our approach to being more conservative on valuations for those portfolio companies impacted by potential upside valuation on the SPAC side. So, there is a handful of names that are already in the SPAC process that we expect upside, but you don't price deals today based on future value, but on current fair value. So, I think there is some hidden gems in there and so, those will come out over time in the SPAC kind of ultimate de-SPAC and going through that process, but again, all of our portfolio companies are private. So, we have private warrants preferred stocks, substantially all preferred stock. So, it's a little bit more complicated and there is a lag between those events compared to having all public listed securities, where you see that pop right away. It's just less volatile in our portfolio. So, we didn't have the downside that you might have seen in other portfolio, say, a year ago from today.

Ryan Lynch

Analyst · KBW.

Okay, understood. I appreciate the commentary. Those are all my questions. Have a good afternoon.

Operator

Operator

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I'd like to turn the call back over to Mr. Labe for any closing remarks.

Jim Labe

Management

Thank you, operator. As always, I'd like to thank everyone for listening and participating in today's call. We hope everyone enjoys the rest of the summer and have a very healthy August and continuing remain in good health. We look forward to talking with you all again next quarter. Thanks again, everyone. Goodbye.

Operator

Operator

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.