Good morning, and welcome to the TPG's Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that, today's call is being recorded. Please go to TPG's IR website to obtain the earnings materials. I will now turn the call over to Gary Stein, Head of Investor Relations at TPG. Thank you. You may begin.

Great. Thanks, Bailey. Welcome everyone. Joining me this morning are Jon Winkelried, Chief Executive Officer; and Jack Weingart, Chief Financial Officer. In addition, our Executive Chairman and Co-Founder, Jim Coulter; and our President, Todd Sisitsky, are also here with us and will be available for the Q&A portion of this morning's call. Before we begin, I'd like to remind you this call may include forward-looking statements that do not guarantee future events or performance. Please refer to TPG's earnings release and SEC filings for factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. TPG undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Within our discussion and earnings release, we are presenting GAAP measures, non-GAAP measures and pro forma GAAP and non-GAAP measures, reflecting the reorganization that was completed during 2021 and immediately prior to TPG's IPO. We believe it is helpful for investors and analysts to understand the historic results through our go-forward structure, and please refer to TPG's earnings release for details on the pro forma financial information. We will also be discussing certain non-GAAP measures on this call that we believe are relevant in assessing the financial performance of the business. These non-GAAP measures are reconciled to the nearest GAAP figures in TPG's earnings release, which is available on our website. Please note that, nothing on this call constitutes an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to purchase an interest in any TPG fund. Looking briefly at our results for the fourth quarter, we reported GAAP net income attributable to TPG Inc. of $24 million and after tax distributable earnings of $227 million or $0.59 per share of Class A common stock. We also declared a dividend of $0.5 per share of Class A common stock, which will be paid on March 10th to shareholders of record as of February 27th. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to John.

Thanks, Gary. This morning, we are looking forward to discussing our results now that we've completed our first full year as a public company. Since our IPO early last year, we have navigated markets with more disruption and volatility than we have seen in over a decade. There has been pressure from persistent inflation, rising rates and geopolitical conflicts. This macro environment has led to challenges in our industry, marked by tougher fundraising, a slower deal environment, tighter financing conditions and declining valuations. Against this backdrop, TPG has demonstrated resilience in growth. We not only delivered, but surpassed what we set out to accomplish in our first year as public company and we finished 2022 with another strong quarter. We deliberately chose to go public, as we were launching several flagship fundraisers so TPG's public shareholders could share in our accelerated growth. Despite difficult industry-wide fundraising dynamics, we raised $30 billion of capital in 2022, a 47% increase over the prior year. Global private equity fundraising declined 19% in 2022. But we believe we gained share as LPs continue to consolidate their GP relationships, among their best performing managers, including TPG. We held early first closes across all our flagship funds in the market including TPG Capital, Healthcare Partners, Capital Asia and Rise. Although this is one of the most challenging fundraising environments we have seen, we are very pleased with the quality of engagement and continued support from both our longstanding and new limited partners. However, as we look ahead, we are not immune to the fundraising challenges our industry is facing, which will continue to drive uncertainty as campaigns are completed among alternative asset managers. As a result of our fundraising momentum in 2022, we finished the year with $43 billion of dry powder, which is up 51%…

Thanks, John. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining the call. Our fourth quarter results once again reflect the resiliency of our FRE centric business model. We finished 2022 with total assets under management of $135 billion, up 19% from the prior year. The key drivers of this increase include $30 billion of new capital raise and almost $7 billion of value creation across our portfolios, partially offset by $16 billion of realizations. Fee-earning AUM increased over the year from $60 billion to $78 billion at the end of 2022, up 30%. At the end of the year, we had $13 billion of AUM subject to fee earning growth, of which 78% was not yet earning fees. We continue to reach record levels in our financial performance. Total fee-related revenue was $307 million for the fourth quarter, up 29% year-over-year. Fourth quarter management fees were essentially flat, compared to the third quarter due to a one-time step down in fee-earning AUM following the activation of the newest vintage funds for capital and healthcare partners. Similarly, the recent step down of our Capital Asia Fund will impact our fee-related revenues in the first quarter of this year. Transaction fees were particularly strong in the fourth quarter, due to our capital markets business, which continues to be an important differentiator for our investment business. During the quarter, our in-house debt capital markets team had a -- role in raising a total of $5 billion of total debt financing in connection with several of the recent investments that John discussed. For the full year 2022, we reported fee related revenues of $1.1 billion, a 24% increase from pro forma 2021. FRE grew 39% from pro forma 2021 to $454 million for full year 2022, driven by a combination of strong management fee…

[Operator Instructions] We'll take our first question from Glenn Schorr with Evercore.

Maybe if you could put some numbers around the points that you just brought up, you caught my attention on two things. One was the step down and one first quarter for capital healthcare and this may put some numbers around that. And the other part was the four buckets of fundraising and great to hear it. I know it's hard given the backdrop, but maybe we could put a range around what we could be expecting on the fundraising side?

In terms of stuff down on TPG just to remind people in Q4, because we activated TPG 9 and Healthcare Partners 2 in Q3. The, the fees charged on TPG 8, Healthcare Partners, sorry TPG 8 and Healthcare Partners 1 step down in Q4, that stepped down was about 2 billion in TPG 8. And it was about 500 million in healthcare partners. And then on your other question I think on a general fundraising outlook. Look, obviously as I mentioned, we feel very good about the progress we made in 2022. We feel like we gain market share, raising $30 billion in the complicated backdrop. And also capitalizing new businesses as I mentioned. I also talked about on the last call the fact that we expected fundraising conditions to remain challenging throughout 2023 and we continue to believe that will be the case. That the same liquidity factors are impacting certain segments of the LP base, but not all segments, primarily the more mature parts of the market, while other parts of the market are growing nicely. The fundraising market remains quite crowded with GPs. Against this backdrop, we do expect to continue to gain share this year and it has been helpful that as we entered 2023 LPs can now access the 2023 budgets and across all the flagship funds, we have in the market TPG Capital 9, Healthcare Partners 2, Asia 8 and Rise 3. We have very strong engagement with LPs. Given the time it takes for LPs to complete their diligence, most of that capital is lining up for Q2 and Q3. So I'd expect Q1 to be relatively light, with an acceleration in Q2 and Q3. It's too early to tell, if we will hit all of our targets, but we feel very good about the progress we are making across all those funds.

And we will take our next question from Ken Worthington with JP Morgan.

Good morning. When you look at the information and data that you are getting from your portfolio companies and maybe a little bit on the broader macro environment as well, how is this informing your view on the outlook for harvesting, as we look to 2023? I guess, first, have signals changed at all so far in '23 from what you may have seen a quarter or two ago? And if so, could this end up being a more constructive environment for harvesting gains, than what you might have been thinking about again three, six months ago?

Sure. Ken, thanks for the question. I think in a nutshell, across the board and particularly in the areas that we have been focused on, which are areas that are generally experiencing secular growth, we have seen steady and strong results. I think Jack took you through some of the numbers, and there really hasn't been a particular change or inflection this quarter. But we felt good about the company's performance both in the revenue side and on the EBITDA side. On the realization front, we continue to have a number of areas that we are exploring sales and alike. We did sell Neogene to AstraZeneca in January. So there is still activity. I'd say, it's a general matter, the skew of the neighborhoods that we are investing in the companies that we are backing and the growth orientation in our investment strategy, does lend itself to strategic takeouts probably a little bit more than the industry averages, and that market will remain active even in different environments. Having said that, our realization pace has been quite strong. In recent years, we have seen the overall industry slowdown a bit on realization front. So there is continuing to be opportunities for liquidity. We continue to see them. Probably not the pace of the last two years.

Ken, the only thing I would add to that is that, we are seeing some improvements in the kind of macro and underlying kind of financial markets, as it relates to deal activity that may help from the perspective of realization. So for instance, financing, there has been a reasonably -- there has been a reasonable recovery, not full recovery by any means. But there has been a reasonable recovery when you look at what credit spreads are looking like, and the loan markets feel a little bit better to us in terms of sourcing, financing. And then also I think you have heard us go through some of our activity with respect to public markets on the IPO side, leading up to our most recent, which was Nextracker. And it definitely feels like there is some pent-up demand from the public markets as well, because it's been void of IPO supply for quite a long time. So there are -- the portfolio is performing well. I think we -- I think there is a broad range of sort of when things are ready to be monetized and we have reinforced that in the past that we are going to monetize, when we feel like, it's an optimal time to monetize. But there are some -- relative to last year, maybe some few green shoots here or there in terms of the market backdrop.

We'll take our next question from Brian Bedell with Deutsche Bank.

Maybe switching over to deployment and in the context of fundraising as well. So first on deployment, that sounds like the better improved marketing environment, it's following some of the expected or raising some of the expectations of sellers and therefore slowing the process. So maybe just your thoughts on if we could get a soft landing, is that going to hang up deployment generally? And then maybe through the different platforms? I know, Rise Climate of course is still ahead of schedule, in deployment, maybe it's just some commentary on whether you think that can continue to be the case especially with the new net zero industry act in Europe, is that even more potential than you thought even a quarter ago for that fun?

Thanks for the question. I mean, we talked about this last year, as you might imagine. It's an interesting environment right now, because some of the signals in the market, like some moderating and inflation although the CPI print this week, obviously raises questions on that, but some moderating and inflation rates may be inching back down a little bit. What I was saying before in terms of credit spreads, I mean, we saw, if you go back to '22, right, we saw some dislocation in the market, as inflation spiked, and there was, the overall geopolitical kind of backdrop. And this dynamic of buyers and sellers’ kind of not being in the same place, people trying to get their heads around valuations, slow the market considerably. The fourth quarter, the part of the end of the third and fourth quarter, there was definitely kind of a pickup. And you heard from already from the deal activity, we talked about, that there was a more active environment for deployment as we got toward the end of the year. It feels like because of these other signals, now, it feels like people are maybe there's like a little another, there's another little pause in the market. Because I think people's expectations on price are maybe going back up, I don't know, whether that's well founded or not, but I think they're going back up. So I think it's going to be sort of a dynamic environment in front of us in terms of fuel activity. It is also creating some interesting opportunities for instance, when you look at GP solutions, capital, continuation vehicles, things like that, it's sort of, as sponsors, try to think about how they want to monetize or partially monetize. So we've seen an uptick there. We've seen some interesting things like co-control deals, what we were we'd looked at a couple because people are looking to take some money out. So I think that's sort of the general backdrop. Jim, maybe you can talk about what's going on in climate.

Obviously, momentum on climate was good going into last year. And I would have to say that last year was a seismic change to the positive. Obviously, the political activities and IRA bill in the U.S. change the landscape and accelerate the landscape dramatically. But the events in the Ukraine and the resulting questions of energy security around the world, also substantially increased activity. In the comments, you heard about our investment in NPL growing 300% a year if you can imagine a German consumer rooftop solar in this environment would be a much more interesting energy security question for them, given the changes, and we're seeing that type of thing happening across markets. So activity levels have picked up, there will be a time for them to feather in, because, for example, in the IRA, it's out there, people know it's coming, but it hasn't been fully enacted yet. We're expecting that to happen over the next few months. But generally, the backdrop and interest in climate investing has moved substantially to the positive.

The only thing I was going to add is that if you look more broadly across the portfolio, by the franchise. We have others such as TTAD, which I think is really a solution face capital. That's actually, this is a great environment, and then that platform has been very busy. It continues to be quite busy. And then, John mentioned in his comments, the net cost associates carve out from a not for profit and that's, I think indicative of another thing that we're seeing in our pipeline quite a bit, which is the sort of unusual relationships, structured partnerships, our history of being a partner to everyone from Pfizer, Humana, Intel, AT&T, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, I think that serves us very well when it comes to more problem solving capital. And we spend a lot of time developing those relationships to take a little bit longer for the opportunities to play out, but that portion of our pipeline in our core private equity business remains robust.

We'll take our next question from Gerald O'Hara with Jefferies.

Maybe just kind of touching on FRE margin for a moment. I think, during the prepared remarks mentioned, Jack mentioned those somewhat elevated in the quarter, but also recognizing that you're kind of tracking ahead of prior, I guess, guidance towards that sort of 45% target. So maybe a couple of puts and takes that we're in the fourth quarter, and then sort of how you might see the trajectory playing out as we look forward into 2023?

What I meant by the elevated FRE margin in Q4 was largely related to the strong performance on the capital markets fees that I also mentioned on the call, which obviously have a high flow through margin associated with them. So if you normalize that for a more typical quarter, you bring it back down to as I mentioned, something closer to our four year FRE margin in the low-40s. Which is what I would call our kind of our launching pad for continued performance toward them. And we stick with the same target. We've been talking about getting to 45% on a sustainable basis by the end of the year, this year.

We'll take our next question from Michael Cyprys with Morgan Stanley.

Maybe just on credit, you guys have expressed interest to jump back in sounds like you're continuing to think about that and do some work. So just hoping maybe you can update us on your latest thoughts there. Sounds like you're continuing to evaluate ways to enter. Maybe you could just update us on what you're seeing how the environment is impacting those conversations and what learnings and insights have you gleaned from the work that you've done so far, and how that may inform your approach and timing?

I don't know if we have an hour on this call. It's a big question, big topic. Look, I think, we're continuing to be focused on it, particularly in this environment where we see valuations moving around a lot. We see, when you look at sort of where the return on opportunities are in a market like this, particularly with dislocation of capital availability, there are some really interesting capital structure types of opportunities, whether they are top of the capital structure, middle of the capital structure. So we continue to believe that, when you think about credit, you think about sort of the total return part of the spectrum there that is very synergistic with our business. You can hear us talk about our business and I'm sure you can glean that, we are very sector and company focused investors. Where we focus, we are deep. We have a lot of industry knowledge, a lot of company knowledge that dovetails very well with that part of the business. So I think we continue to have a strong interest in that. We have not backed-off what we have said earlier, which is we have an objective of reentering that space and we expect to at some point. Deal making, as you know, as far as inorganic treat deal making is always complicated particularly in these types of business. So we are working on finding exactly the right partners and the right opportunity. There is other parts of the credit landscape that also are really interesting. And I think you have heard us talk about, if you look at what's going on in real estate, there has been a pretty massive dislocation in the financing markets in real estate. And in some respect real estate valuations versus financing costs are upside down relative to where they have historically been. And so we are out in the market right now. I think we had announced on another earnings call, we hired a new head of our real estate credit business, Doug Clark, who came to us from Goldman Sachs, where he was many years. We are out in the market right now, raising an opportunistic real estate pool of capital, and we feel pretty good about it. There is a lot of receptivity around the market from our LPs that we are talking to and particularly given the strength of our real estate franchise, we are sort of -- we're drafting off of that in a lot of respects for this capital raise and we feel pretty good about it. So we are expecting that we will get some money raised there. We think that the opportunity on that side of the coin is probably as good as we have seen it in maybe a couple of decades. So we are focused on it. We are working on it and we will keep you up to date.

We will take our next question from Michael Brown with KBW.

Hi good morning. Thank you for taking my questions. I wanted to -- if you give a little bit more color about the management fees and does any additional need on [indiscernible] for the trajectory here. So just on the fourth quarter, once you step down fees and I don't have a modest impact in the first quarter as well. But you did talk about that there is $13 billion of AUM subject to fee-earning growth here. So any additional color you can add about how to think about the of pace of that potential $70 million of management fees could layer in over the coming quarters? And any other thoughts here on the fee rate going forward?

Yes. Let me appreciate the question. We are getting a couple of questions, since posting our results this morning about the average fee rate. Let me try to clarify that. There is a lot of pieces moving around. It's always calculating an average fee rate based on average F AUM for a quarter. Is a very imprecise thing to do, particularly in a period like this, we are activating new funds and seeing step downs in other funds because we don't charge on a daily average basis. I can tell you first of all, we're not seeing any fee pressure in our business. We're not changing our fee schedules, we're not adding discounts that we didn't have before. That's the most important point. On the average fee rate calculation, there are couple of particular, couple of things flowing through that as you look at Q3 and Q4 in particular. For example, in Q3, as you know, we activated TPG 9 healthcare partners to in July. So we were actually earning fees for virtually the entire quarter in Q3 on that call it $10 billion. If you run your, I think the way most people calculate a weighted average FAUM for the quarter would be zero plus 10 divided by 2. So you'd assume we're earning fees on 5 billion, we're actually running about 10 billion. In Q4, we saw the opposite, right? Because the step downs that I just talked about, affected our fees for the full quarter, if you calculated average FAUM for the quarter, you would have picked up a higher number in the beginning a lower number in the end, but we actually had to step down affected the fees for the whole quarter. So that's some of the nuances that you see flowing through. On the shadow FAUM that you asked about. We did add nicely to that during the quarter. If you look at where we raised capital during the quarter. The three biggest areas were our digital media fund, which charges fees on invested capital only, that was 800 million, 350 million for T Ted, which is also fees on DRON capital only. And 500 million for TPG Next, which is a normal fees on committed structure, but we have not yet activated that fund. So all of that would have gone into AUM but not FAUM. And it'll flow in over time. Predicting when that shadow FAUM will pay fees, and over what time period is really impossible depends upon the pace at which we invest that capital.

And we'll take our next question from Alex Blostein with Goldman Sachs.

I was hoping you could attack some of the fundraising trends you saw over the course of the fourth quarter. And really how you think about 2023. So I guess first point is in terms of the ultimate sizes of some of the flagship campaigns that you guys are on today, any change and kind of how you think they'll shake out in terms of the absolute size, understanding the timing, might take a little bit longer? And then we'll look at the fourth quarter specifically, I guess, not a big surprise that capital segment didn't see a lot. But I was surprised by still pretty robust pace of fundraising and growth. So maybe just spend a minute on kind of LP appetite for the more kind of traditional sort of PE fundraising versus the growth franchise?

Sure, we try to address several of those points out. First of all, the appetite continues to be on your last point continues to be quite strong. You guys can look at our performance and make your own assessment, we think we're performing quite strongly in generating returns, and importantly, delivering liquidity to our LPs. I mean, our DPI is quite high relative to our peers at a time when others are not distributing as much capital as we have over the past year or two. So the result of all that is strong appetite across the flagships we have in the market. I think I mentioned last fall, we did expect Q4 to be quite light. Just given how tapped out LPs were as we entered Q4, and we actually were able to raise, as you saw over 3.5 billion of capital across other businesses, most notably the ones I just mentioned, TTAD Digital Media, there's also some co investment in there on growth and capital as we close those deals and brought in our LPs as co investors, that co investment capital, largely does not pay fees, but it's highly strategic to us. As our LPs expect us to deliver that co investment. So that's how I characterize kind of Q4. As we look out to this year, as I mentioned a few minutes ago, we do continue to see strong demand these fundraising always has kind of a natural arc to it. And oftentimes after a large first close, we've had all these funds, you tend to see a bit of a back loading to the remainder of the campaign. And I think that's always true. It's even more true in today's kind of fundraising environment. So as I mentioned, we have a lot of people doing work and doing their diligence, I'd expect Q1 to be relatively light, but a good acceleration into Q2 and Q3. We haven't changed our targets on any of the funds. But it's too early to tell whether we'll hit all those targets or not.

We'll take our next question from Brian McKenna with JMP Securities.

So I appreciate the detail on the number of LPs added during the year. Or can you remind us how many LP relationships do you have an aggregate across your business? And then what's the breakdown between the U.S. and the rest of the world and then kind of over time where you see the most opportunity to add new LPs?

I think the LPs, I can look up more precise number, for every LPs across all of our businesses are in the academy called call it 500 to 600 category. Although I think that may not be a bigger number, let me come back to you on that. What was second part of your question?

Just in terms of you know, where do you see kind of the most opportunity to add incremental LPs from here?

And we have been, that number has been growing over time, as John mentioned in his prepared remarks. We still have a lot of untapped potential in the LP base as we continue to grow new products that are more appealing to different segments of the LP market. And as we continue to build out our distribution platform, both the institutional side and the high net worth side, I think the biggest source of potential, we're fairly underweight in Europe. We have a lot of room to grow insurance. We have a lot of room to grow in the high net worth channel, as we've talked about many times will accelerate as we build out more broadly applicable products to that channel. And those are probably the biggest areas I'd call out. But we see a lot of potential and continue to expand our LP base.

I did several trips to Europe last year for fundraising most recently fourth quarter. And we have a number of really strong dialogues majority, there's 25 meetings we've had with new folks that we're getting to know, but it feels like there's a lot of untapped potential that we're just starting to make some progress on.

We'll take our next question from Adam Beatty with UBS.

I want to ask about the capital market solutions business or businesses. There's a couple of different elements in there you already mentioned. Some of the secondary is fundraising which is good. Also the strength in debt arranging in Q4. But just wondering about ECM and the public markets business. And then just overall, what kind of growth trajectory you are thinking about maybe near-term, long-term? Are you still adding resources there? And Obviously, any guardrails you could put around transaction fee expectations would be great. Thanks very much.

Hey, Adam. Thanks for the question. Just to kind of go in reverse order. We definitely continue to add resources in that area. We view the capital markets business to be, and I'll take one piece at a time, to be highly strategic for all the reasons we have talked about. We have added probably doubled the size of that group over the past couple of years. We added someone to lead debt capital markets, actually debt and equity capital markets for us in Asia for example, where we didn't have the team over there yet. On the equity capital markets side, that has not been in the fourth quarter, a major generator of fee revenue for us, but was highly helpful in helping lead the IPO of Nextracker, for example, where we brought in one of the key anchor investors in that IPO. So both the debt and equity side are continuing to be very strategic. The other piece of the business you didn't mentioned, I think it maybe within that Solution segment or platform is our CPaaS business, our public equity partners business. And the performance there was quite strong in 2022. So we see good LP, good engagement for investors and expect to expand that capital base this year. And then you mentioned the secondaries business where you saw we made progress in capitalizing those businesses in Q4. We expect to make continued progress this year.

We'll take our next question from Finian O'shea with Wells Fargo Securities.

Hi, everyone. Good afternoon there. A question on the impact in Climate franchise. This is an area with good tailwinds and demand as you have noted in the past couple of quarters. Can you talk about on the balance the incoming competition from some of your major peers there? And if that is driving a more challenging fundraising environment, than say, we would have thought a year ago?

Patient is always a form of flattery that I think tells you that, there is substantial interest in the marketplace. Our peers wouldn't be coming in if there weren't a lot of LP demand for this type of activity, which really highlights the value of our leadership position. Over the long arc of private equity, people have always underestimated the amount of market growth that any segments might have. And I think what we are seeing today is very substantial market growth, particularly around certain sectors of the impact landscape. As I said before, there is just a seismic change in what's happening in decarbonization and climate, but across other sectors like online ad, healthcare access, post-COVID, financial inclusion. If you thought of a landscape of sectors you might want to be involved in, they overlap the impact to investing marketplace very strongly. So we feel good about our position. We feel good about the flow we are seeing and we expect competition and we also expect to continue to grow against it.

We'll take our next question from Rufus Hone with BMO Capital Markets.

Maybe coming back to the FRE margin and thinking about it from the expense side. Can you help us think about the jumping off point for fee related expenses heading into 2023? Is the fourth quarter level roughly the right level for the first quarter? And I suppose how are you thinking about your pace of hiring in 2023 relative to 2022 are use sling or investment part, any detail that will be helpful? Thank you.

Our [indiscernible] expenses obviously break down into two primary line items, comp and benefits and OpEx. Comp benefits in Q4 was 102 and change million. And I think that's a reasonable estimate for launching off that. As you know, sometimes what you see in Q4 moves around a bit in his industry, because if you haven't been accruing for bonuses, as you end up paying them, it can cause a change in Q4. In our case, we ended up right on our approval for bonuses. So Q4 is a good reflection of the launching off that for comp and benefits this year. I would expect that we are going to continue to invest in the business. So that should trend up a bit during the course of the year. But a lot of growth has occurred. On the OpEx line, OpEx for the quarter was 66 million roughly and that to reflects all the factors we've talked about full kind of return to office, a full return to a lot of travel, both for deals and for fundraising. That's causing that number to come back up a lot of the public company expenses, we had to account for it. That's all in that number now. So likewise, I think that is roughly a good run right number to think about, as you think about this year.

We'll take our next question from Luke Mason with BNP Paribas.

Just to follow-up on the fundamentals of portfolio companies. You mentioned strong revenue growth and some impressive figures, just for portfolio companies, and it just which areas are driving that growth? Is that across technology and healthcare, just pockets of weakness within the portfolio that you see?

Yes, I mean, just to take you through the qualitative start there. In healthcare, we continue to see strong demand tailwind for procedures, which has really been more of a rebound from the losses of procedures and other healthcare activity more routine health care activity during COVID. In the software, enterprise technology business, I think what we've seen actually is an increase in retention rates, and particularly at certain points last year, we saw a longer sales cycle in terms of new customer conversions. Although I think essentially improved, improved a little bit, but a little bit of a slowdown in this sort of the second derivative in terms of the rate of growth. But this companies are hanging in there very well. In our other technology, which we call internet digital media, the remains a persistent demand for content and streaming. And a particular rebound in live events, and domestic touring that sort of pre pandemic levels. And we were exposed to that in a number of our companies, certainly including CAA, among others. There has been a slowdown in ad sales. On the consumer side it's really a tale two different sort of groups on the high end. We've seen very strong demand in the consumer and increasing elsewhere. On the lower end, where we have, candidly less portfolio exposure. We've seen more of a more of an issue from inflation and a pullback in demand. Again, that's it's been a little less exposed for us. I think we've talked a bit about rise and climate, so that probably gives you a sense of it for those sectors. That's how we think about the world from a sector perspective. From an EBITDA standpoint, strong growth, they're certainly continues to feel, there has been particularly to the fourth through 2022 in the fourth quarter, some pressure from wage inflation. Our companies are important companies that have important relationships with customers. So most of the raw material price increases we've been able to pass through, but there certainly a lot of focus around wage inflation, and that's subsided a bit. But that was sort of the primary cost side of that, that flowed through in 2022. But overall margins are stable.

Thank you. This concludes the Q&A portion of today's call. I would now like to turn the call back over to Gary Stein for any additional or closing remarks.

Thanks, Shelby. Thanks, everyone, for joining us this morning. Do you have any follow-up questions, please circle back to me or Ebony. Otherwise, we'll look forward to speaking to you again next quarter.

This concludes today's TPG's fourth quarter and full year 2022 earnings call and webcast. You may disconnect your line at this time and have a wonderful day.