Samuel Rubio
Analyst · Clarksons
Thank you, Piers, and good morning, everyone. At this time, I would like to take you through our financial results and discuss some key points that make up these results.
I will begin by highlighting the full year activity and turn to the quarterly results. For the year, we generated revenue of $647.7 million compared to $371 million in 2021, an increase of 75%. The increase in day rates and the addition of the Swire fleet were the main drivers to the revenue increase. Vessel operating margin for the year was $244.1 million compared to $99.8 million in 2021.
We generated net income in the third and fourth quarter of 2022 and for the year, we reported a net loss of $21.7 million compared to a net loss of $129 million in 2021.
Operationally, average day rates improved almost $2,400 per day for the full year and vessel operating margins increased by 10.5 percentage points year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA was $166.7 million for 2022 compared to $34.7 million in 2021, an increase of approximately 380%. 2022 was quite a year, and we are pleased to report the success we achieved.
As noted on our earnings release, we have once again begun to report forward guidance. So as we look to 2023, based on our most recent forecast, we are estimating revenues to be in the range of $890 million to $910 million, and our vessel operating margins to be between 49% and 51%.
I would now like to turn our attention to the quarter. And as in the past, my discussion will focus primarily on sequential quarterly results, comparing the fourth quarter of 2022 through the third quarter of 2022. For the fourth quarter, we reported net income of $10.6 million or $0.20 per diluted share compared to net income of $5.4 million or $0.10 per diluted share for the third quarter. We have now reported consecutive net income for the first time since our emergence from bankruptcy in 2017.
Our revenue for the fourth quarter was $186.7 million, down $5.1 million from the third quarter revenue of $191.8 million. The decrease resulted primarily from the seasonal decline in our North Sea operations in the Europe and Mediterranean region, which normally occurs in Q4 and Q1 of each year. And in our Asia Pacific region, we saw vessels come off contracts and vessels transiting out of the area or vessels mobilizing to perform their dry docks that impacted our overall results.
Active utilization decreased marginally to 82.5% compared to 83.7% in Q3. Average day rates were essentially flat at $13,554 per day in the fourth quarter compared to $13,606 per day in the third quarter.
Gross margin percentage for Q4 decreased to 37.8%, down from 40.7% in Q3. Vessel operating costs for the quarter were $115.5 million, an increase of $2.5 million from Q3, principally driven by higher repair costs and higher fuel costs as we continue to mobilize vessels in and out of new contracts to achieve higher vessel margins.
In the quarter, we relocated 6 vessels to different areas, which added almost $700,000 of fuel costs to our operating expense. The result of the additional costs increased our vessel operating cost per marketed day to approximately $6,936 per day in the quarter.
We continue to realize, identify operating synergies associated with the SPO acquisition. Our original target was $25 million, and to date, we realized approximately $10 million. We anticipate the remaining synergies to be realized by Q3 of 2023.
In the quarter, we sold 4 vessels, 2 from assets held for sale during the fourth quarter for the net proceeds of $5 million and recorded a net gain of $1.1 million on the sale of these vessels. We generated operating income of $13.1 million for the quarter compared to $19.1 million in Q3. The decrease is due primarily to a decrease in revenue, coupled with the increase in operating expense.
G&A costs for the quarter was $28.6 million, $1.4 million higher than Q3. G&A for the fourth quarter included $5.2 million of transaction costs associated with the SPO acquisition compared to $4.3 million in Q3. G&A cost in the fourth quarter was also burdened by about $5.8 million associated with the legacy SPO cost, which continues to be well below our initial expectation of about $8.8 million for the quarter. On an annual basis, this replaces approximately $12 million, which is approaching our $20 million synergy target. We anticipate achieving that target by the end of Q1 2023 as a significant part of our synergies will materialize now that we have completed the SAP implementation.
For the year, our total G&A cost was $101.9 million. We do expect to incur additional transaction costs in Q1 of 2023. Excluding these costs, our G&A costs for 2023 is estimated to be $85 million.
In the quarter, we incurred $12.1 million of deferred drydock costs compared to $12.8 million in Q3. In the quarter, we incurred 539 drydock days, which affected utilization by 3%. For the full year, we incurred $56 million in drydock costs. Drydock cost for 2023 is expected to be about $77 million.
In Q4, we also incurred about $4.9 million in capital expenditures related to vessel modifications, including battery installations and IT upgrades, including fuel monitoring systems. For the full year, we incurred $16.6 million in capital expenditures, and we expect to incur approximately $14 million in 2023.
We generated $53.3 million of free cash flow this quarter, which more than doubled the Q3 amount driven by strong cash from operating activities, including increased accounts receivable collections, as we began to monetize working capital resulting from prior quarter revenue increases. We do expect to invest in working capital as revenue continues to grow; however, we have to continue to manage this as tightly as possible.
In Q4 of 2019, we began reclassifying vessels on our balance sheet from property and equipment to assets held for sale. We have since run 88 vessels through this program. At the end of Q4 '22, we had 8 vessels remaining in assets held for sale at a value of $4.2 million. During the fourth quarter, we sold 2 vessels from assets held for sale for proceeds of $3.3 million.
November, our redemption of the SPO warrants -- we completed our redemption of the SPO warrants with a public common stock offering for approximately 4 million shares to redeem the equal number of warrants remaining. In total, for 2022, we have redeemed all 8.1 million warrants that were issued to Swire as part of the acquisition.
I would now like to focus on the performance of the regions. Our Americas region reported operating income of $3.2 million for the quarter compared to operating income of $3 million in Q3 of 2022. The region reported revenue of $41.8 million in Q4 compared to $39.1 million in Q3. The region operated 31 average vessels in the quarter, which was unchanged from Q3. Active utilization for the quarter was 80%, also the same as prior quarter. Additionally, day rates increased 8.1% to $18,271 from $16,901 per day in Q3. The improvement in operating income was due primarily to the increase in revenue.
For the fourth quarter, the Asia Pacific region reported an operating loss of $800,000 compared to an operating profit of $3.3 million in Q3. The region reported revenue of $19.1 million for the fourth quarter compared to $23.9 million in the prior quarter. The region operated at 14 average vessels, which was down 1 vessel on average compared to Q3. Revenue decreases were principally influenced by the expiration of contracts, the movement of 1 vessel out of the region and dry docks incurred in the quarter.
Active utilization decreased to 79.5% in the quarter compared to 91.4% in Q3. Day rates declined slightly to $17,068 per day in Q4 compared to $18,530 per day in Q3. The lower revenues were partially offset by decreases in operating costs as we operate at 1 less vessel in the quarter.
For the fourth quarter, the Middle East region reported an operating profit of $492,000 compared to an operating profit of $605,000 in Q3. The region remained steady quarter-over-quarter and reported revenue of $30.6 million in the fourth quarter compared to $31.2 million in the prior quarter. The region operated 43 vessels, which was 1 vessel higher than Q3. Active utilization remained the same at 83% in the quarter. Day rates declined slightly to $9,498 per day in Q4 compared to $9,781 per day in Q3. The decrease in operating income was due primarily to the decrease in revenue.
Our Europe and Mediterranean region reported operating income of $3.9 million in Q4 compared to operating income of $13.1 million in Q3. Typical seasonality occurred in Q4 as we saw revenue decrease to $33.5 million compared to $39.7 million in Q3. The region operated 27 vessels in the quarter, which was an increase of 1 vessel from Q3. Active utilization decreased to 87.8% compared to 95.2% in Q3. The decrease in utilization was due to the seasonality as there is less activity in the winter months. In addition, we had a couple of dry docks in the process that affected overall utilization.
We also saw a 12% decline in day rates to $15,364 per day compared to $17,436 per day in Q3. You may recall that day rates in Q3 increased significantly due to the leading-edge day rates achieved by our anchor handler in the North Sea.
The decline in operating income for the quarter was mainly driven by the decrease in revenue, coupled with higher operating costs as we transferred and operated 1 extra vessel in the region.
Our West Africa region reported operating income of $18.3 million in Q4 compared to operating income of $12.3 million in Q3. The market in this area has continued to improve as we have seen revenues increase steadily for 8 straight quarters. Revenue for Q4 was $60.2 million compared to $56.3 million in Q3. The region operated 2 less vessels on average in Q4. Active utilization increased to 81.7% in Q4 from 79.4% in Q3.
Day rates continue to increase as we saw a 7% increase to $12,272 per day in Q4 from $11,467 per day in Q3. The increase in operating income from Q3 resulted from higher revenue, coupled with lower operating costs as 2 less vessels operated in the region.
In summary, we are pleased with our Q4 results. Q4 results were typically be below Q3, which is expected as seasonality occurs in the North Sea. In the quarter, we also relocated vessels to areas and had a high number of dry dock days that affected overall results. We are encouraged to see revenue increase throughout the year, driven by the increase in day rates and the newly acquired SPO vessels in the second half of the year. We also reactivated many of our previously stacked underutilized legacy Tidewater vessels, which will now put us in a strong position to take advantage of the upturn in the industry as we remain encouraged by the leading indicators we see for 2023 and beyond.
Finally, I do want to thank our teams for a successful implementation from the legacy SPO Oracle ERP system SAP. This was a lot of hard work, but we have a very talented group of individuals that made this possible in 8 short months. The SAP go-live was January 1, 2023, and we have since had our first month end close, which we accomplished in 4.5 days without a problem.
With that, I'll turn it back over to Quintin.