Good morning and welcome to the Sun Life Financial Q2 2024 Conference Call. My name is Galene, and I will be your conference operator today. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise and the conference is being recorded. After the presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. [Operator Instructions]. The host of the call is David Garg, Senior Vice President, Capital Management and Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Mr. Garg.

Thank you and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Sun Life's earnings call for the second quarter of 2024. Our earnings release and the slides for today's call are available on the Investor Relations section of our website at sunlife.com. We will begin today's call with opening remarks from Kevin Strain, President and Chief Executive Officer. Following Kevin, Tim Deacon, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, will present the financial results for the quarter. After the prepared remarks, we will move to the question-and-answer portion of the call. Other members of management are also available to answer your questions this morning. Turning to Slide 2, I draw your attention to the cautionary language regarding the use of forward-looking statements and non-IFRS financial measures which form part of today's remarks. As noted in the slides, forward-looking statements may be rendered inaccurate by subsequent events. And with that, I'll now turn things over to Kevin.

Thanks, David, and good morning to everyone on the call. I hope you're all having a great summer. Turning to Slide 4, we delivered strong second quarter results with a record $1 billion in underlying net income representing 9% growth over the prior year, underscoring the strength of our diversified business strategy and our commitment to drive growth and deliver long-term value for our clients and our shareholders. Our results this quarter were driven by strong individual protection sales in Canada and Asia while U.S. Group Benefits continues to perform well. Our wealth and asset management businesses saw good earnings momentum on increased assets under management. Strong individual protection sales for the quarter were driven by stronger sales from both SLFD and our third party channel in Canada, strong momentum from our bancassurance partnership in Hong Kong and our joint venture sales in India. Strong individual and group protection sales drove our new business CSM growth which was up 62% year-over-year. Wealth and asset management results were lifted by higher fee income from MFS. We are also pleased to have executed the largest transaction in the Canadian pension risk transfer market by a single insurer, representing a 1.2 billion institutional sale in our Defined Benefit Solutions business. Our underlying earnings were partially offset by continued headwinds in our U.S. dental business. Most of the Medicaid dental business is being repriced during 2024 and as we reprice, we are seeing increased premium rates more consistent with our expectations. As a result, we continue to expect underlying earnings levels from dental to be approximately $100 million for 2025. MFS continues to experience net outflows this quarter at $14.8 billion. This was driven by secular shifts from active to passive, public to private and alternatives, as well as cyclical impacts of investors remaining…

Thank you, Kevin. Good morning, everyone. We're now on Slide 7. We are pleased with our strong results this quarter. Underlying net income of $1 billion is up 9%, and underlying earnings per share of $1.72 is up 10% year over year, achieving the higher end of our medium-term growth objectives. Underlying return on equity of 18.1% also achieved medium-term objectives, supported by strength across our diversified businesses. Wealth and asset management comprised 41% of Q2 underlying earnings and was up 9% over the prior year on higher fee income, largely due to higher asset levels driven by equity market appreciation, this was partially offset by higher expenses. Group health and protection businesses comprised 28% of underlying earnings and were down 15% year over year. Results reflected strong business growth in the U.S. group benefits in Canada that were more than offset by unfavorable morbidity experience and lower U.S. dental results. Individual protection comprised 31% of underlying earnings and was up 31% from last year, driven by business growth in Asia and Canada and favorable mortality experience across our businesses. Reported net income for the quarter was $646 million. The difference between underlying and reported net income was driven by unfavorable market-related impacts, a restructuring charge of $108 million post-tax, or $0.18 per share, acquisition-related items, and the amortization of intangible assets. The restructuring charge reflects actions taken to improve productivity and help continue to deliver earnings growth at the higher end of medium-term objectives. Actions under the program included accelerated digitization of our business, addressing duplicative and redundant capabilities and optimizing our external spend. We expect these actions to be implemented over the next 18 months and deliver over $200 million pre-tax in cost efficiencies by 2026. Market-related impacts were primarily driven by unfavorable real estate experience. This reflects…

Thank you, Tim. To help ensure that our participants have an opportunity to ask questions this morning, please limit yourselves to one or two questions and then re-queue with any additional questions. I will now ask the operator to poll the participants.

[Operator Instructions]. Our first question is from Meny Grauman with Scotiabank. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning. I wanted to ask about the restructuring charge and just get a better understanding of what cuts you're making and where from a segment point of view as well? Thanks.

Hi, morning, Meny. It's Tim. Thanks for the question. First, I would say that financial discipline is a key part of our client impact strategy and is a priority for us. So, I would characterize this as a modest enterprise-wide program that we expect to execute over the next 18 months. And it's really across all of our business groups and corporate functions. And the types of areas that we're focused on are opportunities to accelerate the digitization of our business, eliminating duplicative or redundant capabilities, and optimizing our external spend. I would say we've run similar programs from time to time. So, this is not new for Sun Life, but it's been some time since we've executed on a focus program like this. And as we've indicated in our disclosures, we expect these actions to deliver over 200 million pre-tax of efficiencies by 2026. And this is really to help moderate expenses and support the earnings growth at the top end of our MTOs. So, you'd expect the majority of this would flow through earnings over time, starting in the second half of this year through to 2026, with the small portion being strategically reinvested to help accelerate our digital transformation and areas of investment in AI. So, we'll really show up in a variety of line items, including other expenses, other fee income, which is net of expenses, our corporate segment results, and to some extent in CSM.

So, just to clarify, so pretty broad-based across segments, like we shouldn't expect one segment to show more of a benefit of that 200 million that you're indicating versus another?

No, that's right. It's quite broad-based across all of our business groups.

And then just as a follow-up, so you took the restructuring charge non-core through corporate, but are there any benefits coming through this quarter already in any of the segments on an adjusted basis?

Yes, a small portion has come in, but I would expect that to ramp up in the second half of this year as the actions that we're taking will occur over time. But you'll start to see that coming through, as I said, through the second half of this year, relatably through to 2026.

Would you be able to quantify what's coming through this quarter already?

It's not very material in the grand context. It'd be probably more in the second half.

Okay. Thank you.

The next question is from Tom McKinnon with BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Yes, thanks very much. Maybe a question for Kevin. I understand that the partnership with MFS has been a long-term, well-entrenched partnership, but consistent net outflows really make it tough to be able to grow over time with more normal markets in line with your medium-term objectives. You can see that if outflows are 2% of the AUM and markets even grow at 8%, this is like a six grower, not the 8% to 10% you would want. In your talks to the board, how do you justify this? Is it just strictly because you like the free cash flow? And as a follow-up, I assume the broad-based expense cuts that you're implementing, some of those must be in MFS, and how do you think that should impact margins there? Thanks.

Thanks for the question, Tom. It's Kevin. MFS is absolutely included in our medium-term objectives and is part of those numbers that we give. When you think of our medium-term objectives, we've factored in what MFS is going to contribute to that. MFS is an important part of our asset management strategy. We're the largest asset manager in the country. We have 1.47 trillion in assets under management. We like the fact that we go from public equities and public fixed income into the alternatives and a growing asset management business that combines between Manjit's leadership and Steve in Asia. MFS is an important part of that. For sure, and you heard this in my opening remarks, they're in a cycle where they've had some headwinds around passive and alternatives. That's why we built out the alternatives platform. But we do believe that they're taking all the right actions, they're doing the right things, they have a strong team, they're client-focused, and so they're an important part of this company and they're an important part of our overall asset management strategy. And as I said, we like the fact that it goes from public equities and fixed income right through alternatives.

And the fact that it hasn't really hit your medium-term objectives, if you look back for the last seven or eight years, what does it really contribute to the story then if it's not growing at the 8 to 10 that you want it to grow at?

Well, as you know, MFS AUM has been growing despite the fact that they've been in net redemptions. And I think that that growth has been part of the earning story, but they've also been an important part, as you noted, of cash flow. And they send cash up to the Holdco, which has allowed us to do the M&A work and the capital work we've done over the past 10 years. So if you look at the significant deployment of capital we've done, MFS has been a good supporter of that deployment of capital.

Okay, understood. Thanks.

The next question is from Doug Young with Desjardins. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning. Maybe just kind of a big, big picture question for, like $1.72 of underlying earnings, Kevin. Is this the true earnings power of the company? Obviously, it was a lot less last quarter and it's bounced around a little bit. Can you talk a bit about when you think of that and trying to gauge whether that is the case? Like what went for you and against you this quarter when you think through that?

Doug, as we talked about, I see last quarter as more of the anomaly and this quarter as a return to sort of what our expectations would have been. We had a number of things that went against us last quarter and we talked about those. For sure, the dental results will continue to impact us this year, but we see ourselves earning our way through that. So I see this as a return to more of what our expected levels of underlying earnings would be.

Okay. I'll leave it at that. And then Dan, on the US stop loss side, you had negative morbidity experience, yet it was attributed to just normalizing claims utilization. So does this imply that you're baking in more COVID utilization into your pricing? Or can you help me think through this and talk about pricing trends in this business and why as dental gets better, obviously there's going to be potentially a deterioration in the stop loss business. Why shouldn't we be kind of worried about those two opposing trends?

Sure, Doug. What we've seen this year is, as we've talked about, a normalization of utilization, especially hospital utilization and things like outpatient surgery. That normalization back to pre-COVID levels happened a little faster over the past two or three quarters than I think anybody was expecting. It had been happening gradually over time. Most likely that is due to hospitals, big hospital systems, especially now being able to staff fully when that was a challenge for quite some time, even lagging after the worst of COVID. So we seem to be back to normal utilization. As far as the particular sequential quarter results, we do have some seasonality in our reserving. Generally, the way the reserves emerge, we release some reserves in the first and fourth quarters and strengthen reserves in the second and third quarters. So most of the sequential difference that you saw was simply that seasonal reserving pattern. What's most important in what we look at is the year-to-date results and right now both our loss ratio and our margins in the stop-loss business are consistent with our pricing targets. Going forward, we see some signs that utilization is stabilizing. You may hear that from some of the health insurers as well and we are taking as we always do a conservative approach toward pricing. Over the past few years some of our competitors were - this is what happens. They have good results, they get aggressive. We generally did not participate in that and now in some other competitors' calls they've talked about raising rates. So we're probably looking toward a 1-1 next year where the market starts to push pricing upward.

Okay. I appreciate the color. Thank you.

The next question is from Tom Gallagher with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.

Good morning. A few questions on the U.S. The 100 million of dental earnings that you're guiding to for '25, is any of that driven by this 200 million of cost saves planned for '26 or is most of that expected to come from loss ratio improvement?

It comes really from all of that and other things as well. So we have a series of initiatives that are underway, most of which even though they've been underway for some time will start to show in the results in the second half of the year. So on the expenses that is one of the tactics we're using. The dental business is one of the larger consumers of the reserve and of those actions. So there's quite a bit of that that will start to layer into the results in the second half of the year. We also have a robust set of dental cost management actions, additional utilization review, claims edits and also adjustments to network composition to make sure that we're matching the cost to the prices that we're getting. And then prices themselves are a big aspect of this as well. 13 contracts have so far been renegotiated, 12 of those 13 have been at or above the levels that we thought were needed. That represents about half the business. Another 40% or so will reprice between now and the end of the year. So we will start to see meaningful impact from the repricing as well. So it's really an all of the above kind of strategy.

Got you. Thanks. And then just for a follow-up on medical stop loss. So it sounds like pricing is firming a bit based on how you described it. Would you even though your, I guess, experience has been trending in line with pricing, would you still expect to be able to get some rate yourself or would you expect to take some market share and see better growth?

Yes, it's of course been a very unusual last four to five years with COVID. There's been a historic, a classic underwriting cycle on stop loss. Three years of improving results where pricing gets more aggressive and then three years of deteriorating results where pricing goes up. That whole cycle was delayed by three to four years by the impacts of COVID particularly around utilization. We've seen a pretty aggressive pricing market in the last year including currently. We're anticipating that pricing will firm as we head towards the one-one cycle. As you're seeing other companies report loss ratio is substantially higher than ours. We have been taking some share although most recently a lot of that has been coming from new partnerships that we've put in place. We have a really good set of partnerships both with health plans in certain markets as well as with captive management partners and that has contributed to our growth. In general, in the direct market we're a careful pricer and this is the time where we really have to be the most careful, but we're optimistic especially as we head into 2025, that the market will be one that's favorable to us.

Great. Thanks.

The next question is from Gabriel Dechaine from National Bank Financial. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Just a question on the dental business. Again, similar to the last question, but the $100 million target that's an absolute target. It's not an annual run rate, exit rate kind of thing for next year. I'm assuming that's the case. Then from a glide path sort of way is it more of a back-end loaded figure? How should we be anticipating that to evolve over the course of next year?

Yes. So to your first question it is a full year target that we're talking about. They're not just getting there at the end of the year. There is some seasonality in the dental business so we have to remember that there is a big portion of our dental business of course that is Medicaid and a big portion of that is kids. So we actually see some significant seasonality in the business. For example, the summer is when a lot of kids go to the dentist getting ready for the school year. Those kinds of things will create some natural volatility quarter-to-quarter. We think - we see recovery of the business beginning in the third quarter and then a significant recovery in the fourth quarter of this year puts us in a good position for next year.

Q3 of this year you expect better dental despite the whole back-to-school kids going to the dentist thing?

Yes. That is a mitigating factor. So we wouldn't expect to see a dramatic increase in the third quarter, but we do expect a more significant increase to emerge in the fourth quarter.

Got it. And then your comments on stop-loss in the U.S. again, I hear that competitors are going to be repricing because of under pricing previously. I'm not quite sure I got what your strategy is. Can you talk about the duration of these contracts as well and how quickly repricing can actually have an effect and then in Canada I guess the normalization of morbidity experience you're still positive, but less positive than it was before, so that tailwind is fading. Correct me if I'm wrong there. Like is this something that we should view as we're back to a new normal, or is there a similar re-pricing strategy afoot for the Canadian business?

Sure. This is Dan. I'll start with the U.S. loss question. So we tend to be a conservative pricer. So when there are these cycles, we are not one of the carriers that goes out and prices aggressively for market share. Now, you saw we had good sales results in the second quarter, but a lot of that came from some of these new partnerships versus from aggressive pricing. We do think that pricing will get more rational as we head into next year because a lot of our competitors are not having that same kind of experience. And on your question about how often this re-prices, one of the things we love about the business, but also one of the things that makes it most challenging, is almost all of it renews every year. We're able to re-price the business annually. That, of course, means we also have a big task. We have to try and renew all the business every year, but it does enable us to react pretty quickly to these kinds of changes in the market.

Gabriel, this is Jacques. Good morning.

Good morning.

You're correct. The experience and visibility is positive this quarter, but not as positive as the same quarter last year, as you pointed out. Keep in mind that at 372 earnings last year, that was already a record quarter for us. In terms of your comment on sustainability, I remind you, as we've discussed before, that some of it comes from the pricing actions that we've taken. We've been quite disciplined in terms of our pricing and wanting to make sure that we deliver on our objectives. So some of it will continue. At the level we're at now in terms of earnings, I would say there's probably going to be some moderation, but some of it is definitely going to continue.

Okay, great. Enjoy the rest of your summer, everybody.

Thank you.

The next question is from Paul Holden with CIBC. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning. I want to ask a question on the new disclosure around organic capital generation, so $588 million for the quarter. First off, thanks for that new disclosure. I find it very helpful. My question really is, is that a good, indicative run rate of what we should expect quarterly? Was there anything that may be added to it this quarter, subtracted? I was just trying to get a sense of run rate. Thank you.

Hi, Paul. It's Tim. Thanks for the question. You're right. This is a new disclosure, and we really sought to help give more transparency to how we view a more normalized capital contribution in the same way we think of underlying net income, but for capital. So, this would be excluding market-related impacts. So, taking our underlying net income and our organic CSM movement, less our shareholder dividends. So, you're right that the number that you referenced, the $588 million for this quarter, was net dividends, and we haven't set a formal target, but generally expect that organic capital generation should range between 20% to 30% of underlying net income. So, for Q2 at almost $600 million, that's almost 60% of UNI, so obviously above target result and really driven by strong sales in Canada and Asia that we referenced, and that created the higher new business CSM versus our expectations. So, elevated this quarter and last quarter because of the strong sales growth, but over time within that 20% to 30% range net of dividends.

Got it. Okay. Thank you for that. I guess a second question is with respect to SLC and the net income target there for 2025. So, just looking for confirmation that that has not changed and wondering if the recently announced cost restructuring will have any impact on or really help your ability to achieve that 2025 target? Thank you.

Hi, Paul. Thanks for the question. It's Steve Peacher. Yes, I think that we're still on track for the targets that we put out there. We'll talk more about our longer term expectations for ‘25 and beyond at the Investor Day in the fall. We did for -- SLC is participating as part of the cost reduction initiative that was discussed, but I would say as much as anything, we're also looking to keep investing in the business as we try to get benefits out of the platform, as we approach the foot calls and we invest more in distribution with resources that can sell the entire range of products we have across SLC. So, I would say we expect to grow earnings by growing AUM and delivering more strategies to existing clients and to new clients over time. And while cost discipline will certainly be part of that, it's really about growing revenue in AUM and less about cost. So, will we get some benefits out of cost reduction? Certainly. And we're trying to be mindful of that, but I don't view that as a driver of our earnings going forward.

Well, that's helpful. I'll leave it there. Thank you.

The next question is from Mario Mendonca with TD Securities. Please go ahead.

Good morning. This might be for Dan, maybe Tim. Tim, in your opening comments, you referred to the higher loss ratio in Medicaid. You said it was largely related to the re-determination. And I look at that increase in the loss ratio from 86.2 to 94 in four quarters, and it just seems like such a significant increase for when 19% have left. I mean, that notion that the payers have much higher utilization, maybe that chart makes me think that there's more going on here than just the re-determination. And then your phrase, the Turner phrase, that largely related to the re-determination made me think there's more going on. So, maybe this is a question for Dan. What else is going on in dental beyond Medicaid re-determination?

Yeah. In terms of the dental, the Medicaid loss ratio, it really is the re-determination. And let me give a little more color on that kind of loss ratio impact. A lot of the people who had become enrolled during the public health emergency no longer needed the coverage. There's a fair amount of churn, people coming on and off the Medicaid rolls as they get jobs, et cetera and then get other coverage. So, there were a significant number of people for whom the states were paying premium but who were not using the benefit. And the way they price, of course, as any actuary would price they look at the most recent periods of experience and that got baked into their pricing. And then when you have in some cases, in a very short period of time, a state disenrolling a big portion of the membership, you can get a very big mix shift. So, Texas, for example disenrolled one-third of its entire Medicaid population. So, it's not surprising that you'd get a 6% or 8% change in the loss ratio with a 19% change in membership. Now, related to that, of course there are dentists and what are called DSOs large groups of dental practices that primarily serve the Medicaid market. So, if they lose 19% of their members and therefore 19% of their revenue and they have a certain amount of capacity they're going to do everything they can to fill that capacity. In some cases that means taking people off of waiting lists and getting them in for care sooner, which is a good thing. But in some cases, it may mean providing more dental care to those people in order to fill those appointments. So, that's part of the story here as well. And it's also the reason why we're putting in place significantly more robust utilization management capabilities to make sure that we're facing off appropriately against that dynamic.

Okay. Maybe a sort of follow up question to that and more from a positive perspective. Sun Life paid, I believe it was 2.5 billion U.S. for DentaQuest back in 2021. Your aspirations are for U.S. 100 million next year. Just looking at those numbers makes me think that your longer term goals must be for more than 100 million. So, what do you think this business is capable of in a normal environment?

Yes. So, absolutely yes is the answer to that question. Our longer term aspirations and all the modeling we did is obviously much greater than that number. And generally, the way we thought about this is we still think that all of that is applicable but pushed out by about a year or so by the events of the redeterminations. One good way to think about the business is a 5% after tax profit. That seems to be what most of the business supports across the states and the non-government business as well. It's a little different in the different segments but that's a reasonable rule of thumb. So, we are a little shy of 3 billion in revenue today but we see lots of growth opportunity in the business. First of all, Medicaid continues to grow and will now that the redeterminations are over. We continue to have a great pipeline there and to win contracts. But we also have lots of opportunity to grow in Medicare Advantage, in Affordable Care Act exchanges and especially in commercial. So, we see significant revenue growth in the future and you can do your own calculations based on that 5%.

Thank you. Mario, it's Kevin. I would just add to it that when we did the acquisition it was during COVID and we actually knew that the public health emergency would end. We did modeling of that. The public health emergency went longer and was deeper than we expected, and some of the impacts were probably more than we expected in this year. But over the long term, we still expect as Dan had talked about that this is going to be a very good business for Sun Life and we'll return back to the sort of pricing that we would have expected and we're seeing that as we reprice the business. So, I think overall, our thesis for the dental business in the US hasn't changed and I think you see our culture and our financial discipline in action by how we've disclosed this transparently to our investors and how we're taking action to deal with it. Thank you.

Thank you.

The next question is from Lemar Prasad with Cormark Securities. Please go ahead.

Yes, thanks. My first question, just going back to the restructuring is probably appropriate for Tim. Is this the first of more restructuring charges? Like, is this a broader restructuring program? How big could further restructuring charges be? And then, I guess you mentioned the 200 million pre-tax savings portion of that. Is that portion of that 200 million pre-tax going to go through the CSM or is that 200 million pre-tax all going to go through the underlying earnings? Thanks.

Thanks, Lemar. So, this was a program that we just initiated now. It's a one-time charge of 138 million pre-tax the 108 million that flowed through reported net income and that's a singular program that will be executed over the 18 months that I had referenced. I did also reference financial discipline as a core part of our client impact strategy, so we're always going to be continually focused on cost discipline. But as I said, we hadn't run a program like this in a little while, so it was time for a bit of a catch-up just as we looked at our expense growth relative to continuing to ensure we can get to the top end of our earnings growth objectives. In terms of where this shows up this will come off across a variety of the line items. So, it's not all CSM. It'll come through other expenses. It'll come through other fee income, which is net of expenses. So, you'll see it in a bunch of places. And as I referenced earlier, we'll likely look to maybe take a portion of that, a small portion for reinvestment, as I said to probably accelerate our digitization efforts and look at areas like generative AI and the progress that we have been making there as a way to accelerate that. So, this is a singular program but we'll always be focused on cost discipline going forward.

Okay, and what about the mix through CSM and regular earnings?

Yes, predominantly earnings but there is a portion through CSM but you'd expect most of that through earnings.

Okay, perfect. Thanks. And then, just moving on to a different type of question here on MFS, if we see rate cuts play out in the U.S., do you think that's going to be helpful to the net flows performance at MFS just given its products mixed more towards value-based equities? Is that kind of the right way to think about the impact of lower U.S. rates on the MFS business?

Hey, good morning, Lamar. It's Mike Roberge. Yes, I mean, that's how we're thinking about it. If you look at prior cycles, as Fed and Central Banks start to cut rates and people look at their cash yields going down, they reengage back in the market with longer-term fixed income and equity products. If you look at industry sales rates, you look at our sales rate pre-COVID, which is probably the last normal environment that we have, and you apply that to our asset base today, that would take you back to net positive U.S. retail flows at MFS. And so, the question ultimately comes is, what does normal look like? We think the industry is going to look a lot more normal as cash rates begin to come down, and people have to seek returns in other parts of their portfolio, other than cash.

Okay, thank you. That's it for me.

The next question is from Nigel D'Souza with Veritas Investment Research. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning. I wanted to follow up again on the restructuring initiatives here. And cadence of the timing of how that flows through into earnings, is this a linear ramp up, or is it more back-end loaded? And is the right way to think about this that the 200 million will be fully flowing through underlying that income in Q1 of '26?

Hi, Nigel. It's Tim. Yes, as referenced earlier in some of the questions, we will start to see some of that expense savings come through, through earnings in the second half of this year. It's mostly rateably through 2025 into 2026. So, by the time we hit 2026, we'll have achieved the full 200 million pre-tax. In terms of how it shows up, as I said, it'll come through the variety of the line items that I referenced because of the way our disclosures under IFRS 17 require us to report expenses as a mix of the directly attributable as well as these other expenses that don't get allocated. So, you would expect to see that occur over time. As I said, it's an 18-month program, so there's some actions that we've already taken now. Dan referenced some of the dental business actions that were taken and will be starting to show through in the second half of this year. But it really is over time. And just to re-emphasize, this is really to help, again, hit our earnings growth targets towards the top end of our MTOs, so in terms of how you think about that in terms of forward guidance.

Yes, that's helpful. And then my second one was on other fee income. There's a bump up there in that line item this quarter. I understand part of that is related to expenses. The other part is related to wealth income. Could you kind of break that out for us and kind of get a sense of what the run rate is for other fee income going forward?

Great. So, I'll take that one and see if others want to supplement. So, the quarter-over-quarter increase, as you noted, we're seeing a nice uptick in that. And that's really on the strong performance of our wealth businesses. That's both in Canada as well as in Asia. So, in Canada, we had strong performance in the GRS business. We had favorable markets. Our AUM was up 10% year-over-year. We had net inflows of just under a billion coming into that business. Similarly, in Hong Kong, in particular, MPF business, we saw strong growth there. So, that's really driving the majority of it. On the quarter-over-quarter variance, we also had some costs because other fee income also includes our ASO businesses. So, whenever we're onboarding new clients, sometimes there's start-up costs related to that and the build-up of that. So, we had costs in the first quarter, and now we're reporting revenue on those businesses for some of our larger programs. And so, that's now improved the results because we're starting to report revenue through that. So, it obviously varies based on markets and where AUM positions are. So, you will get variability in that line from time-to-time. But on the basis that markets continue to perform and our AUM comes up, that's a healthy run rate for us.

Okay. That's it for me. Thank you.

The next question is from John Aiken with Jefferies Securities. Please go ahead.

Good morning. I apologize if you've addressed this already. And if that's the case, just send me back to the transcript. But I wanted to drill down a little bit more in terms of performance in Asia. Can you give us a little more detail in terms of, as you talk about the joint venture contributions that occurred in the quarter, and secondarily, talk about the sustainability of the sales levels in the new business CSM that was generated in the region?

Good morning, John. It's Manjit. In terms of the sales performance, I'm very pleased with the year-to-date sales performance that we've seen in Asia. And looking forward, I remain confident in our ability to continue to generate good sales growth. And that's really underpinned by a number of things. We have a good presence in growing markets with good and attractive demographics. We have strong focus on making sure that we're meeting our client needs. We've also broadened out, as we've talked about in the past, our distribution capabilities, both through new bank assurance partnerships, but also through growth and organic growth in our agency workforce as well. And that's resulted in good market share gains in several markets that we operate in. We're also investing in digital capabilities to make sure that we deliver simple, fast, and easy experiences for our clients. We've noted that we've also invested in brand, and we're seeing really good uptick in our brand awareness across our markets. And of course, all of that's underpinned by our strong team that we have in Asia. So with all of that, I remain confident in our ability to continue to grow in Asia.

And sorry, Manjit, can you address the sustainability of the new business, CSM, that was generated in your segment?

Yes, I think that is partially related to the sales growth, John. So I think we continue to remain optimistic in that as well. You're going to see quarter-on-quarter volatility from a number of factors, macro factors and competitive factors. But over the medium term, we continue to view our ability to generate CSM in the mid-teens rate that we've talked about.

Great. Thank you.

We have no further questions at this time. I'll turn things back over to Mr. Garg.

Thank you, operator. This concludes today's call. A replay of the call will be available on the Investor Relations section of our website. Thank you, everyone, and have a good day.

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