Ladies and gentlemen, greetings, and welcome to the Redwood Trust Third Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Kaitlyn Mauritz, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator. Hello, everyone, and thank you for joining us today for Redwood’s third quarter 2024 earnings conference call. With me on today’s call are Chris Abate, Chief Executive Officer; Dash Robinson, President; and Brooke Carillo, Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I want to remind you that certain statements made during management’s presentation today with respect to future financial and business performance may constitute forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, forecasts and assumptions and include risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. We encourage you to read the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which provides a description of some of the factors that could have a material impact on the company’s performance and cause actual results to differ from those that may be expressed in forward-looking statements. On this call, we may also refer to both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. The non-GAAP financial measures provided should not be utilized in isolation or considered as a substitute for measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures are provided in our third quarter review, which is available on our website, redwoodtrust.com. Also note that the content of today’s call contains time-sensitive information that are only accurate as of today. We do not intend and undertake no obligation to update this information to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. Finally, today’s call is being recorded and will be available on our website later today. And with that, I’ll turn the call over to Chris.

Thanks, Kate. As we work towards the end of a productive year, we find ourselves at the dawn of a new rate regime in a too close to call presidential election, which is now less than a week away. Many macro questions remain, particularly with respect to the speed and impact of monetary and fiscal policy shifts. What we do know is that the U.S. will have a new administration and a fresh take on improving access to quality housing, a challenge we have undertaken since Redwood’s founding three decades ago. Each major party candidate has acknowledged the need for more scalable solutions with proposals that include enhanced down payment assistance programs, incentives for increased construction and easing of the maze of local regulations that blunt housing development. In an otherwise polarized environment, it seems many have found common cause for an issue that is central to our company’s core mission. As we rise to meet this formidable challenge, our platform continues to make good operating progress. We recently increased our common dividend for the first time since 2021, up over 6% to $0.17 per share for the third quarter, reflecting continued growth in our operating activities. Our combined mortgage banking returns were the highest in over three years as each business unlocked operating leverage to achieve strong results. These were goals we outlined at our Investor Day earlier this year, and we’re pleased with the progress we’ve made towards them. We continue to spend a significant amount of time collaborating with our loan sellers, particularly as higher mortgage rates appear to be returning after a short-lived reprieve. Rates today sit nearly 70 basis points higher than their September lows and are effectively back to levels we saw in early July. In anticipation of this pickup, we’ve leveraged momentum in…

Thank you, Chris. Mortgage banking performance was a key driver of our strong third quarter performance, with GAAP contribution from these businesses tripling versus the second quarter on strong margins and continued broadening of our distribution channels. Our residential consumer platform remains a valued partner to both banks and independent mortgage bankers or IMBs, with third quarter results benefiting from tightening securitization, execution, accretive hedging and continued progress in capital efficiency. The third quarter brought some notable shifts in the composition of our lock volumes, reflective of both market conditions and strategic progress with our origination partners. We locked $2.2 billion of loans during Q3, compared to $2.7 billion in the second quarter, essentially flat when adjusting for the large pool of seasoned hybrid arms we discussed on our second quarter call. After a slow July marked by heightened market volatility that predated the significant rate rally later in the quarter, August and September volumes rebounded. In spite of the rate backup since quarter end, we are finishing up an equally active October, helped in part by a revamped set of guidelines on new production hybrid arms, which has been met with favorable early feedback across our seller base. Third quarter volume was split evenly between bulk and flow, with IMB volume accounting for close to 60% of total production. Our loan sourcing remains well diversified across a deep seller base and year-to-date we have locked loans with over 160 discrete originators with no one seller representing more than 7% of total flow volume. Interest rates moved significantly throughout the third quarter, including a rally in the 10-year treasury yield to just under 3.6%, that opened up a brief window for consumers seeking to refinance, a dynamic we haven’t seen in meaningful size since early 2022. Refinance activity represented 27%…

Thank you, Dash. We reported GAAP earnings of $13 million or $0.09 per share for the third quarter compared to $14 million or $0.10 per share in the prior quarter. Our earnings available for distribution or EAD reached $25 million or $0.18 per share for the third quarter, up from $19 million or $0.13 per share in the prior quarter. This resulted in an EAD return on equity of 8.7%. As highlighted, income from mortgage banking activities increased by $21 million, driving the nearly 40% increase in EAD. Book value per share increased slightly to $8.74, up from $8.73 as of June 30. Year-to-date, our total economic return is approaching 7%, positioning us to potentially exceed our dividend yield on book value annually, a testament to our ability to grow dividends and book value. Our residential consumer mortgage banking segment achieved a return on capital of 30%, up from 16% in Q2, while the Residential Investor segment EAD return on capital was 58% compared to 13% last quarter. The segment’s return was driven both by higher earnings and lower working capital as Q3 marked the first full quarter with CPP Investments partnership. Higher residential consumer mortgage banking income was a result of lower rates, strategic positioning for interest rate volatility and spread tightening on our securitizations throughout the quarter. We anticipate that these elevated margins will normalize to our historical range of 75 to 100 basis points, particularly as longer dated interest rates have reverted higher on the quarter. During Q3, we optimized the use of high advance rate facilities in partnerships with banks and distributed $242 million of loans into our JV entities to reduce overall capital needs per loan by approximately 15%. In the Residential Investor segment, income was modestly higher due to stable volume and slightly higher…

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now be conducting a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] The first question comes from the line of Rick Shane from JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Thanks everybody for taking my question this afternoon. I’m interested in Slide 10 and obviously important, the net discount on the portfolio. You make the observation here that of the $2.09 of discount, $0.84 or about 40% has occurred since the Fed started tightening and implicitly that’s a call on spreads. I am curious, because I think that there are potentially different factors underlying the portfolio comp and I’m curious, when you think about that, how much of this is attributable to, and I’m going to call it the CAFL securities. Is there more credit risk there given what we’re seeing in that business? And is that statement sort of factoring in the potential higher credit risk with that portfolio?

Hey Rick, it’s Dash. Great question. I can take that. I would say, higher level, the discount is spread across a couple of principal asset classes. As you noted, the majority of it is still in the reperforming loan portfolio where performance continues to be extremely strong. Those are – consumers that have been in their houses for 15 plus years at this point. Estimated mark to market LTVs in the 40s have been prepaying in a very, very stable fashion. So I think it’s a different kind of credit risk than the capital securities which is obviously newer vintage loans, average seasonings probably three to four years in that portfolio. There is a lot of built up rental growth in our securities, because we’ve been selling a lot more term loans recently. That portfolio has more seasoning to it than if we were securitizing on the run more regularly. So I think the risks are different type within the capital securities book. The other thing I would say is if you look at, you know, some of the realized severities we’ve had, they’ve generally been below 100 basis points where there have been severities. So the realized losses have been really low. But you’re right, I mean those loans are exposed to different dynamics in the market than RPL loans. So you’re right to point that out, but I think the risks are just somewhat different nature.

Hey Rick, this is Chris. I’d also add to that, just not to lose the punch line, we do have this big investment portfolio which is carried at a pretty significant discount and I think the vast majority of that is recoverable. You mentioned that a huge portion of that has been due to spread widening since the Fed started tightening and late 2022. So now that we sort of at the dawn of an easing cycle we’re pretty excited about how that’s positioned. I think for the mortgage banking businesses, we’re different to the path of rates which we can certainly talk about. But for the book we certainly stand to benefit if some of that is recovered through tightening here, which of course we’d expect to start realizing over the course of the coming quarters.

For sure. Look, I think the mortgage banking business and the return year-to-date on – the ROE on EAD or however you want to describe it is good proof of concept. I’m just thinking about how we could see those discounts sort of evolve over time as well because obviously that’s a big driver of another out another significant allocation of your capital. Thanks guys.

Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Bose George from KBW. Please go ahead.

Hey, everyone. Good afternoon. In terms of the mortgage banking gains this quarter, is it possible to disaggregate that to some degree just in terms of the benefits you got from spread tightening. Just really trying to think about the cadence of the EAD growth from current levels.

Sure, Bose, I’m happy to take that. Since where a lot of the kind of alpha relative in margins relative to last quarter was centered around the residential consumer business, I’ll start there. Roughly half of the total mortgage banking revenue was really driven by rates. And then it was fairly divided evenly between spread tightening. We saw about 12 ticks of spread tightening on securitization execution on average throughout the quarter. And the remainder was really gain on sale and carry.

Okay, great, thanks very much. And then in terms of the lock volume, can you talk about lock volume in September? And you noted that the sort of the cadence there was increasing over the course of the quarter. Can you just talk about the monthly trends in lock volume on the residential?

Sure. On the consumer side, we ended the quarter with much higher sort of daily locks than we’d seen where we started the quarter. I think there are some seasonal factors that came into play. And then certainly the rate cut in September. I would say, the fourth quarter has started out much more briskly than the third quarter did. So October, we’re off to a great start. We did have in Q2 a big bulk deal that accounted for much of the difference in lock volume quarter-overquarter. So backing that out and just kind of focusing on the on the run, we definitely like where things are tracking. And then obviously the margin story was very good this past quarter. We continue to guide to the 75 to 100 basis points consumer business, but I would say we’ve been in the market each month with the securitization. We’ve been turning the capital over very efficiently. We’ve seen some real differentiation in pricing and execution versus some of the less episodic or more episodic issuers. So I think all of that’s playing into the margins that we’re realizing on the pipe. And hopefully we’re off to a good start in October. Hopefully we can continue to do that.

Okay, great. Thanks.

Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Jason Weaver from Jones Trading. Please go ahead.

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my question. Seeing in the deck the leverage picking up about a half turn. I’m thinking that’s more to do with a point in time as you’ve distributed so much in Q4. Can you give us some insight as to what that is currently and also how comfortable you are with the higher level of liquidity here?

Yes, Jason, I’m happy to take that. You’re exactly right. Dash and others mentioned $1.5 billion of distributions, we’ve been very encouraged by seeing a pickup in whole loan sale activity on the residential consumer side. And we’ve done a lot of securitization. So we really cleared the decks ahead of the election. And potential further increase in volatility. Leverage has trended back down to start the quarter. It’s probably close to where we were at Q2, around 2.2 times. That should really fluctuate throughout the rest of the quarter depending on pace of distributions versus our pipeline coming on balance sheet.

Yes, we’re pretty pleased with our leverage or recourse leverage being a 2-handle or thereabouts, 2.5, 2 to 3. We operate with, I think, meaningfully lower leverage than much of the sector. And Brooke and the team have done a great job of adding more non-recourse facilities, non-mark-to-market facilities. So quality of leverage, if you will, is quite a bit different than it’s been in the past.

Got it. Thank you for that. And then just something I believe that Chris mentioned in his prepared remarks talking about the breadth of your seller partnerships from banks, any sort of significant developments that have happened during the quarter or quarter-to-date, expanding that number of partnerships.

Well, it continues to expand. We’ve done business with I think 80%, 90% of our sellers this year. So the breadth is really, really strong. We’re not overly concentrated to any individual seller, whether it’s a bank or an IMB. I think banks are still trying to figure out the path of capital charges with Basel III, but we continue to add banks and we continue to build that business. So with this backup in rates, I think it just reinforces the value proposition that we offer. Particularly in the 30 year, we started to see more hybrid arms being originated. That’s something that we’re apt to participate in. And so we’ve been rolling out those products. But I think overall really pleased with the diversification of the seller base. And certainly, we continue to make traction with the banks and I think for many of them, we’re an exclusive partner.

Great, that’s helpful. Thank you again.

Thanks.

Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Doug Harter from UBS. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Looking at the investment portfolio, it seems like HEI income was down pretty noticeably quarter-over-quarter. I was hoping you could give us a little more insight into that and how to think about that going forward?

Yes, I’m happy to. On our portfolio about $400 million, you should expect kind of baseline accretion yield around $9 million as long as empirical HPA that we observe kind of falls in line with our assumptions. We saw both actual HPA come in above where we were modeling it. That was a stronger factor in the first half of the year where HEI income was elevated relative to our expectations. And so while it was still above kind of modeled expectations for Q3, we expect it to revert as HPA assumptions have been coming down. That discount rates are really the main drivers of that portfolio.

I guess, just more broadly on that delivered a 12% return on equity or return on capital this quarter. You’ve been kind of targeting returns well north of that for quite some time. How should we think about what the segment can result and try to square those two numbers?

Well, with respect to HEI, I think as Brooke said, a big part of it is the path of home prices and discount rates. So I think in the long run we’re very bullish on HPA. Obviously, housing activity has been very slow, so there hasn’t been any near-term catalysts to move that one way or the other. The huge undersupply of homes is just a great technical support, we think for that asset class. But over time, it’s going to come down to efficient financing and ultimately the path of home prices. So well, 12 is double digits and is fine. We still think there’s real upside down lock in that portfolio and then certainly as we focus on potentially originating more of those pricing – price discovery will be a big part of that.

Great, thank you.

Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Don Fandetti from Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Yes, can you talk a bit about how the rate move higher rates in Q4 has impacted book value and any EAD considerations for Q4, I guess, gain on sale margins will be more normalized. Anything else to consider?

Yes. I think I mentioned in my remarks that book value was flat. We think that’s pretty consequential, because as rates have backed up I think many would assume that either the pipes down or certainly the sector has been impacted. But we’re really pleased with how we’ve hedged the pipeline and how we’ve managed distribution. So for us, it’s not been a headwind per se. And in fact, as I mentioned before, the banks as things have backed up, become more engaged versus wanting to put more 30-year fixed rate mortgages on their balance sheets. So we think EAD, certainly we had some one-time items. In Q3, margins were very elevated. We continue to guide to normalized margins, particularly for the consumer business. That said, we’re pretty happy with how the quarter has begun, how October certainly has begun from a volume standpoint. So we’re optimistic that there’s enough levers to continue the momentum that we’ve been able to generate.

Got it. Go ahead.

Sorry, one thing I would just add to that in terms of VAD and the hedging is Brooke and Chris both referenced this earlier in the Q&A and in the remarks, where we’ve sort of pivoted from a hedging strategy perspective has had an impact on carry but also on the contingent in risk capital we have to hold against our hedging instruments. So it’s a use of capital, but it’s accretive to NII and also accretive to the amount of risk capital we have to hold just based on how those instruments are marginable or not. So as Chris said, that strategy has paid some dividends here, particularly early in the fourth quarter as rates have backed up and they were also a meaningful driver of mortgage banking income in the third quarter.

Got it. Okay, I’m all set, thanks.

Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Eric Hagen from BTIG. Please.

Eric, are you there? Operator, we can go to the next question. Operator? Hello, do we have the operator there? Please hold while we reconnect with the operator.

Crispin, your line is unmuted. You could please ask your question.

Hi, this is Brad Capuzzi on for Crispin Love. Can you guys hear me?

Yes.

Okay. Can you just speak on your current thoughts on the dividend? Obviously, your operating earnings covered the dividend this quarter, but wanted to get your thoughts, if you and the Board believe you’re at the right level now at $0.17 when you look at rate outlook and what do you need to see to continue covering the dividend with EAD? Thanks.

Yes. So we can certainly dig into specifics if that’s helpful. But I think at a high level, we were pleased to raise it this quarter and I would say, we believe that most shareholders continue to value the dividend, particularly a growing dividend, as does the Board. So we’ll continue to look for ways to raise it incrementally as the quarter’s progress. I think we were certainly tracking to ahead of schedule on EAD this quarter. We probably cite the guidance that we gave at our Investor Day in March as far as the path to growing the dividend. So we’re very happy that we got there a little bit ahead of schedule. But I think from a sustainability perspective, we want to continue to tether to that guidance and continue to build over the coming quarters. But certainly, I think the Board is – was pleased to raise it and will continue to value an increasing dividend as the quarter’s progress.

One other thing I’d add is just that heading into a more accommodative rate cycle, we’ve been really focused on earnings available for distribution. But Rick very nicely pointed out the discount inherent in our book. We really should have an opportunity for our GAAP earnings to meet and exceed our earnings available for distribution over the next cycle as we pull forward a lot of the discount from the investment portfolio, even as we progress through time and not and recover some of what we have lost from technical spread and rate volatility over the last two years. And really the impact of SOFR on the front end for us, we have about a billion more floating rate debt than assets and with our fixed residential pipeline, we could see somewhat of an immediate pickup to NIM there. We’ve done a lot in terms of capital deployment on the year that should continue to provide a tailwind to both net interest income and earnings available for distribution and then mortgage banking as we keep rescaling those businesses. That should be a longer-term benefit to both GAAP earnings and earnings available for distribution as we move through this next cycle. So those are all longer-term tailwinds that we’re seeing that gave the Board comfort in raising it soon and should provide additional room for growth in the dividend as we move through time.

Thanks for that detail. And then Chris, in your prepared remarks, you mentioned the election. I was just wondering if you could expand on election implications for Redwood. We can see rate moves, potential volatility, housing implications. I was just curious on how you were thinking about it and positioning the company both over the near and intermediate-term on potential impacts on Redwood. Thanks.

Sure. Well, I actually think this cycle is pretty unique in that you have strong alignment between both major party candidates in the critical need to address home accessibility. So it’s literally the mission of this firm. And so in past cycles, we probably been rooting for one side or the other as far as how it helps or hurts the business. I think this time around both candidates or both parties will be focused on this issue because it’s a very, very big issue in the swing states. We spend a lot of time in the Midwest and other places and, and home prices are just very high and it’s very tough first time homebuyers or certainly others to access housing. So I think whether it’s on the supply side or the demand side, we’ll see programs implemented that we think will leverage our business and our products, particularly in the non-agency space. As far as rates, for many reasons, we are planning for the long end of the curve to stay elevated, if not go higher. A big reason why we’ve been focusing on expanding our distribution and certainly our seller base is for wallet share if you will. And with the banks in particular, if rates stay elevated, we think they’ll be less apt to resume portfolio lending. So that’s a huge opportunity for us. And why in many ways, higher rates, higher mortgage rates could actually be a good thing for mortgage banking businesses. But ultimately, we think that the volatility associated or that we’ve seen recently is mostly due to maybe the Fed getting ahead of itself. We’ve had some really strong, a good GDP print today, strong employment numbers. I think the volatility has as much to do with that as it does in election outcome. So those are things that we’ve been managing the past few years and we’ll continue to manage. But ultimately, I’m quite excited by the prospect of being a solution provider as the candidates focus on housing accessibility.

Thank you. That’s it for me.

Thank you. The next question is from the line of Steve Delaney from JMP Securities. Please go ahead.

Good afternoon, everyone. Thanks for taking the question. Obviously, everyone’s a lot of comments on rates, moves. Dash, I’d like to go to the real rate, not so much just following the 10-year. But could you comment on where your 30-year fixed rate prime jumbo loan coupons, where are you quoting those today to your IMBs and to the banks compared to where the low was, I guess late summer or maybe in September. Just like yes, what does it cost? What are your customers paying, your borrowers paying as we sit here today on prime jumbo. Thanks.

Sure. You want me to quote the Steve Delaney rate or our more generic rate sheet?

No, I don’t deserve a good guy rate probably, but just the straight up, no good guy discount.

Yes. I appreciate the question. Currently, obviously, we have LLPAs and things of that nature depending on the nature of the risk and the loan. But generically at the moment our 30-year fixed rate is sort of very high 6s, very low 7s. That’s where it sits today that’s probably five, eight to three quarters of a point in rate over the lows that we hit over the summer. And just a couple observations around that Steve, because as you know, a lot of this is borrower psychology. Notwithstanding that the 30-year fixed rate is pre-payable at any time. There is a psychology element to when, number one, consumers will come off the sideline for a rate but also the relative in the moneyness, which it would take them to move and where that rate is versus where their current mortgage is and what can get housing turnover rates finally higher. We definitely – I think the whole market saw some really interesting empirical evidence as we got into the low 6s. You not only did refinance pick up as we talked about, it was over a quarter of our flow volume in the third quarter, it’s been at least six quarters since refi volume was that much of our production, but we also saw purchase money pick up as well. And so you definitely started to see the benefit. But as Chris articulated, October has been on par so to speak from a volume perspective with August and September and I think that speaks to more of the wallet share piece and us continuing to gain share in the market. So just some additional perspective there.

That’s very helpful. And Kate, a quick question for you. Chris mentioned something about senior leadership. I didn’t see anything in the press release. I haven’t been all the way through. Where can we find that in your disclosures in your information?

Hey Steve, the press release is up on our website under the News section. I can send it to you as well, but that came up around…

It’s a separate stand-alone press release. I apologize. I didn’t – wasn’t looking at my newsfeed. All right. Thank you all for that.

No worries. Thanks for the question.

Thanks, Steve. Thanks.

Thank you. The next question is from the line of Brian Violino from Wedbush Securities. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks for taking my questions. I think there was a mention of a 50 basis point reduction in the accrual rate on the bridge portfolio this quarter, which had a negative NII impact. But at the same time, it sounds like you’re expecting some incremental NII growth in the fourth quarter from capital deployment. I was just wondering if you could give some more detail on your outlook related to overall NII in the fourth quarter and just going forward in general?

Sure. I’m happy to. The $157 million of capital deployment that we put to work should more than offset what we saw in terms of some modifications we made to rates with borrowers on the quarter. So in that regard, we expect some catalyst for growth to NII from here. We also mentioned – Dash mentioned that we are expecting to resolve or aiming to resolve about half of our focused asset portfolio by the end of the first quarter, which should provide a material pickup in earnings available for distribution and capital available for redeployment.

Great. Thank you very much.

Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Eric Hagen from BTIG. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks so much. Am I coming through now?

Yes.

Yes.

Okay. Super. I wanted to follow-up on the HPA discussion. What are your expectations for the loan level – loan limit increases from the GSEs that we should get here in about a month? Do you think that will create any new opportunities in areas where home prices have grown faster than the national average?

Eric, those are largely already priced in. A lot of the originators are – it’s basically a math formula, so modestly higher, not nearly as big of a jump as we’ve seen in recent years. Certainly, there’s opportunities. We’ve been very competitive on agency high balance as well as non-owner-occupied for some time now. So to the extent, some markets become more attractive, will – our guys will definitely be running the numbers and make sure that we’re pricing for that. But I think overall, it’s not quite as big of a story as it’s been in past years. To me, the bigger story is back to some of the mission stuff. ADUs in California are one in five new homes. Some of the expanded non-QM products that we’re focused on. There’s a number of underserved consumers out there, particularly ones that are dealing in high-cost areas like California where we are. So having the right product mix is really important. And then certainly, on non-agency, we feel like we’ve got the best pricing, particularly because our – it’s been a heavy year for securitization and our deals have priced obviously, very well, which allows us to pass that on in rates. So, we’re pretty well-positioned for the increase to answer your question. But I don’t expect it to have as much of an effect as it’s had in recent years.

Yes. Okay. That’s helpful. I actually have another one here on jumbo. I mean, do you have an estimate or any visibility into how much jumbo supply we could see next year at these rates and spreads? And are there any scenarios where you could actually see more jumbo securitization without rates necessarily falling? And if that were the case, like how do you think you could respond and take advantage of that if rates are higher and you need more capital to meet that opportunity, but again, rates are higher?

Yes. I mean, we – this year, I think, is tracking closer to 2020 as far as prime issuance goes and jumbo PLS 2021 was probably double what we’ll see this year. So there is – the capacity of the market is definitely there. From a funding perspective, we’re funded very efficiently, particularly in that business. So it definitely won’t be a matter of having the capital. I think it’s a matter of supply, like you said. And again, the vast majority of non-agency, particularly jumbo mortgages since the great financial crisis have been originated by banks for portfolio. And that’s why we keep talking about that opportunity. The biggest driver of the PLS market has been bank lending. And to the extent rates remain high, it’s going to be a huge opportunity for us to partner with these banks and securitize more collateral. So we could definitely see issuance levels continue to grow from here.

That’s really helpful. Thank you, guys.

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, this now concludes the earnings call. You may now disconnect your lines and thank you for your participation.