Greetings. And welcome to the Rexford Industrial Realty Third Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. [Operator Instructions]As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Steve Swett of ICR. Thank you, sir. You may begin.

We thank you for joining us for Rexford Industrial’s third quarter 2019 earnings conference call. In addition to the press release distributed yesterday after market close, we posted a supplemental package in the Investor Relations section on our website at www.rexfordindustrial.com.On today’s call, management’s remarks and answers to your questions contain forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements address matters that are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from those discussed today.For more information about these risk factors, we encourage you to review our 10-K and other SEC filings. Rexford Industrial assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements in the future.In addition, certain information presented on this call represents non-GAAP financial measures. Our earnings release and supplemental package present GAAP reconciliations and an explanation of why such non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors.Today’s conference call is hosted by Rexford Industrial’s Co-Chief Executive Officers, Michael Frankel and Howard Schwimmer; together with Chief Financial Officer, Adeel Khan. They will make some prepared remarks and then we will open the call for your questions.Now, I will turn the call over to Michael.

Thank you. And welcome to Rexford Industrial’s third quarter 2019 earnings call. We are extremely pleased with our third quarter performance, which reflects both the ongoing strength of the Rexford Industrial operating platform, as well as our focus within the infill Southern California industrial market.In terms of results, it’s been a tremendous quarter and an exceptional year so far. Adeel will elaborate on our financial results and guidance. But from an operational perspective, the team has been firing on all cylinders.We signed 91 leases for approximately 1 million square feet. Our leasing spreads were 31.2% on a GAAP basis and 19.4% on a cash basis. On new leases, our spreads were 38.2% on a GAAP basis and 26.1% on a cash basis. And at the end of the quarter, our stabilized same-property portfolio was 97.7% occupied.We completed approximately $227 million of acquisitions in the quarter and including transactions closed after quarter end, our year-to-date investment volume is $773 million, with 75% of this year’s investments acquired through off-market or lightly marketed transactions, leveraging our proprietary originations platform.Further, our acquisitions, as well as our completions from our value-add repositioning work continue to generate strong above market cash yields, which Howard will elaborate upon shortly.As we near the end of the year, it seems appropriate to reflect briefly on a few key elements that make the Rexford opportunity and our performance somewhat unique. To begin with, the Rexford opportunity is unique by our focus on the largest supply constrained industrial market in the nation, with the sharpest submarket focus of any industrial REIT. 100% of Rexford’s portfolio is located within the exceptionally high barrier infill Southern California industrial market, where the supply of industrial property is extremely scarce and is generally diminishing over time.Key tenant demand fundamentals within our target infill markets…

Thanks, Michael, and thank you everyone for joining us today. The infill Southern California investor market remains exceptionally strong, with a supply/demand imbalance that continues to drive rents and occupancy levels benefiting owners of well-located industrial real estate.Our target markets, which exclude the Eastern Inland Empire ended the second quarter at 2% vacancy, with asking rents of 7.8% on a weighted average basis over the past 12 months.With regard to recent investment activity, during the third quarter, we completed nine acquisitions totaling approximately $227 million, adding 943,000 square feet to our portfolio. In aggregate in-place rents for these acquisitions are estimated to be 13.9% below market, and all the ones in our low coverage sites with excess paved land a container or vehicle parking, which is ideal for last mile e-commerce use. Seven of these transactions about 78% were off-market or lightly marketed and sourced through our proprietary research and broker relationships.In July, we acquired Eastgate Drive, a 27,000 square foot building on over 3 acres of land in the Central San Diego submarket for $8.2 million. The 22-foot clear building has only 21% site coverage, with a large paved yard and was leased long-term during escrow to a national tenant stabilizing at a 6.2% yield on total cost.We acquired the fee interest in a land lease for a 1-acre paved parking lot at the Rexford-owned Glendale Commerce Center located within the LA, San Fernando Valley submarket for $3 million.In August in a sale leaseback transaction, we acquired East Ana Street, 106,000 square foot building on 6.1 acres of land located within the LA South Bay submarket for $18.8 million equivalent just to land value. The initial yield is 6.1% and at lease roll we plan to implement a value add plan to reduce the building size and add 25…

Thank you, Howard. Beginning with operating results, for the third quarter 2019, net income attributable to common stockholders was approximately $9.7 million or $0.09 per fully diluted share. This compares to $6.3 million or $0.07 per fully diluted share for the third quarter of 2018.For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the company share of core FFO was $33.9 million, as compared to $26.1 million for the three months September 30, 2018, representing a 30% increase. On a per share basis, company share of core FFO was $0.31 per fully diluted share, representing a 10.7% increase year-over-year.Consolidated property NOI was $50.9 million, up by 24% on a GAAP basis and 22% on a cash basis year-over-year.Same-property NOI was $38.8 million in the third quarter, which compares to $36.8 million for the same quarter in 2018, an increase of 5.2%. Our same-property NOI was driven by a 4.8% increase in same-property rental revenue and a 3.7% increase in same-property operating expense. On a cash basis, same-property NOI increased by 6.8% year-over-year.Turning now to our balance sheet and financing activity. As we continue to seek opportunities to drive long-term growth, we intend to maintain a strong liquidity position and balance sheet capacity to allow us maximum flexibility and favorable access to capital.During the third quarter, we issued approximately 1.2 million shares of common stock through our ATM program at a weighted average price of $44.24 per share, which resulted in net proceeds to Rexford of approximately $51.1 million.September, we closed on an $86.3 million offering, a 5.625% Series D Preferred Stock. Net proceeds will be used to fund near-term acquisitions and repositioning activity.At the end of the third quarter, we had approximately $197.5 of cash, full availability on our $350 million credit facility. We also ended the quarter with $483.1 million…

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Thank you. Our first question comes from the line of Jamie Feldman with Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Please proceed with your question.

Great. Thank you. I guess just to start, looking at your retention rate in the quarter down to 62%. Can you talk about how we should think about that versus what it’s been in prior quarters, were there any particularly large move-outs or anything we should be thinking about?

Hi, Jamie. It’s Howard. Nice to hear your voice. No, this past quarter was fairly typical. There weren’t really any larger move-out. It was just a bunch of blocking and tackling as usual. And as you might recall, the retention bounces around from quarter to quarter, but it seems typically at the end of the year averaging somewhere in the range of 70%.And don’t forget, part of our strategy has always been to actually push tenants out of our spaces when we can capture substantially higher rents from some of our repositioning work, so that actually has quite an influence on the retention. So, all in all, it’s actually probably not a good indication of what’s happening within the portfolio because of some of these forced vacate.

I am sorry, I was on mute.

Are you there?

Yeah. I was on mute.

Oh!

I had a great question though. So I was just going to say in the supplemental it shows expiring leases placed into repositioning and that was actually zero. So wouldn’t that say most of these were actual move-outs instead of forced move-outs?

Yeah. Hey, Jamie. It’s Michael. It’s really about when a tenant expires they are not necessarily going into repositioning. So that was probably not really capturing the entire essence of the activity.But more often than not, when a tenant doesn’t renew, it’s not because they didn’t necessarily want to stay, it’s because we saw an opportunity to re-tenant at a much higher rate. And more often than not, that doesn’t require repositioning, maybe just carpet and paint, a little fluff up of the space or just remarketing of the space. So, I think, that probably gives you a more clarity.

And Jamie, just to add to what Howard and Michael just added, absorption is very important, if you take a look at absorption number for the quarter, it was flat, but that’s also very telling sign. And I think that kind of nails -- drives the nail in the coffin that it solidifies what we were just talking about is that absorption and where the occupancy levels are, that also gives you the Q -- that while we are not renewing, we are absorbing it.

Yeah. And also, Jamie, not all of the spaces that we pushed tenants out of to capture those higher rents land on the repositioning page. Space has to be down for a minimum of six months and hit a certain size special. I think it’s about 35,000 feet right now. So that really doesn’t capture a lot of the repositioning and value at work we are doing just only looking at the repo page.

Okay. And then, I guess, bigger picture, I mean, your markets are clearly in high demand. We have seen downward pressure on cap rates. You guys, it sounds like you are doing a lot of investment stabilizing in kind of the mid-five, low to mid-fives. Can you just like help us talk through kind of strategically what gives you guys comfort to kind of continue on this plan, given how aggressive pricing has become in your markets?

Sure, Jamie. First, I think, when you talk about pricing, you are talking about market pricing on marketed transactions and that’s the bulk of what gets reported into the trades and whatnot. And I think it’s important to realize that as we stated in our comments, about 75% of our acquisitions this year have been through off-market and lightly marketed transactions, which directly translates into better than market cash yields.And I think the key to our business is that we focus and are able to continue to catalyze a lot of value-add opportunities that are able to generate substantially higher yields than marketed transactions.And also, from time to time, you will see us buying some stabilized opportunities. And our mandate is, when we combine it altogether to deliver to the market substantially better than marketed yields in the best industrial market in the nation.And we also believe that there is a place in our portfolio for stabilized assets that maybe slightly lower yields than our value-add opportunities, because we do know that in our portfoliowe have a lot of product that is multi-tenant, which we are continually capitalizing on opportunities to create value and so that creates transitions throughout our portfolio over time.And when we have those transitions, it’s very nice to have more stabilized product that is continuing to deliver on very consistent, maybe more moderated cash flow growth, but consistent cash flow growth through periods when we are having transitions and maybe driving space vacant for a short period of time to create some value.It’s also a great edge against the general economy or to the extent there could be a correction at some point in the future, although we don’t see any signs today. So we really do see a place in our portfolio for a blend of some of the value-add product, as much of that as we can find frankly, as well as stabilized product. Does that help answer your question?

Sure. That is helpful. Thank you. And then, I guess, just last for me, thinking about your same-store growth rate, we have seen a moderation on a quarterly basis certainly this quarter. Can you just talk about as we think about next year, like, what are the key drivers that could keep you either at a similar level or maybe it has to go lower just based on where occupancy is and where leasing spreads are?

Yeah. Jamie, thanks for the question. And first of all, I think, I will start with how we drive our guidance for the full year. Our guidance based on a full year that takes into consideration what the lease role might look like quarter-over-quarter for the full year, right, and it’s on a GAAP basis.So, having said that, when we first started with the guidance at the beginning of the year, we knew there was going to be a lot of expressions coming in Q3 and Q4. As a matter of fact, when we first launched the guidance, we had stated that about 70% of our role was going to take place in Q3 and Q4, fairly spread out between the two quarters.And if you kind of slice that back for the same pool, it was about 63% or so. So that’s what you are seeing essentially here in Q3 and a lot of this role that took place in Q3 was on the back part of the Q3. So you didn’t see the full benefit of it.Now, that being said, Q4 should pick the pace back up. But you are going to see the releasing spreads that we did in the quarter and for the year. That’s going to benefit the next few quarters in 2020 to your point.We will provide more guidance, but the lease trajectory that we have seen in terms of our ability to renew leases and new leases at the GAAP releasing spreads and the cash releasing spreads naturally will pay off in the future quarters, ultimately leading to 2020 guidance. So we are very optimistic about that. So what you saw in the quarter, it was just simply product of how the leases are rolling and nothing more than that.

And, Jamie, just to add to that a little bit, I mean, I think over half of the renewals during the quarter occurred during the third month of the quarter. And so that’s pretty impactful considering that the quarter was already very top heavy in terms of the annual expirations for the company and for the same-store pool.And if you were to normalize for that, meaning if you just take it even on a weighted average through the middle the quarter in terms of weighted average expiration and renewal timeframe, I think, you would see it normalizes to be pretty consistent with what we have been delivering in the last several quarters.

Okay. Great. And just to clarify, you guys always -- you guys talk in terms of GAAP. If we were to think in terms of a cash same-store number, what would that look like versus your GAAP reported number?

Well, I think the cash same-store number was reported. So I think what you are seeing is certainly a cyclical and that those leases are expiring. So I think that’s also a trend, which is kind of matching what the re-leasing spreads are seeing. So you are seeing the cash expiring rents are higher. So I think that’s what you are seeing essentially.I think -- in terms of our guidance, I think, we continue to provide guidance, I think, on a GAAP basis, I think, that’s naturally the one thing we have done. So I think you are seeing a trend, the expiring cash rents and they are pointing and aligning themselves pretty nicely to what they are re-leasing spreads you are seeing consistently. On the re-leasing spreads, we tracked our eight quarters, 10 quarters, 12 quarters and they have been very consistent now in the 30 and on the GAAP side and in the high 20s or low 20s in the cash side.

Right. No. I was asking on a same-store basis, same-store NOI, the delta between cash and GAAP, what does that look like these days?

Well, I think, Jamie, I think, that is a product of how the leases are rolling. I think they can flip the other direction. I bet if you were to take a look at a couple of years ago. I think that the GAAP was probably a little higher, so I think that’s what you are seeing here.That’s simply a product of how the roll takes place. And now naturally, if all else being equal, if you had a similar kind of product for in-place portfolio, you can see a similar trend come up three years to four years from now.I think that’s all you are seeing in that. So I think we have seen early on in 2014 and ‘15 the trend go the other direction, the GAAP is higher. So I think that’s all you are seeing. I think, obviously, GAAP is, in my opinion, it’s a more normalized number to be able to see. But I think the cash is simply what that is, is that the leases are on the last leg of their cycle or the last leg of their tenure.

Okay. All right. Thank you.

Our next question comes from line of Manny Korchman with Citigroup. Please proceed with your question.

Hey, everyone. I am just wondering does the lack of widespread institutional ownership of assets in your markets that certainly helps your acquisition pipeline. But does it hurt rental rate growth, are those private owners less sophisticated because they push -- can they -- do they lag pushing rents versus one institutional owner might be pushing?

Hi, Manny. It’s Howard. Well, I wouldn’t say we only buy from non-institutional owners. One of our largest transactions this year was from an institutional seller, and that being said, they don’t push rents as hard either as we are able to do.But keep in mind on these nonprofessional owners which really gets to the heart of a lot of the off market transactions we do. Most times, we -- what we find is people are trying to sell for keeping tenants in buildings long-term.And the easiest way for these private owners to do that is to not push their rents and they tend to avoid investing capital into the properties, whereas you look at what Rexford does when we buy a property, we go ahead and modernize and really unlock the value so we are able to achieve a market rent on the space.So, you are correct, these people just don’t push those rents. And a lot of it is also due to their length of ownership of a property and they don’t they really need to. They are more interested in consistent cash flow versus squeezing the last nickel out of a rent.

And by the way, Manny, it’s very interesting out there. It’s Michael. When we talk to private sellers and owners, as well as institutional sellers and owners, we hear from both camps. Some instances where they are pushing rents, but just because their institutional also doesn’t mean they are pushing rents. So that creates tremendous opportunity for us.And I think that the driver of rent growth in our market is not so much the owner behaviors today. It’s really about availability or the lack of availability of space. And when you drill down to Rexford’s portfolio and mandate, which is to create and deliver the most functional product in each submarket that we operate in. That’s really, at the end of the day, how we are able to outcompete. Not just today when things are going really well.But even more importantly at some point in the future when the market plateaus or we see corrections. That’s when you see the flight to quality and that’s when we are really going to be able to outcompete even further I think, as we did during the great recession, frankly.

Thanks. And in your remarks you talked about a few assets that had excess land, sounds you are getting ground up in a lot of that. What should we expect in terms of timing of those projects? And I assume that they would be sort of more speculative in nature where you are just going to build inventory and given the tight markets they fill or would you look to have leases done before you are on ground up?

Actually, really all the transactions we did in the third quarter are assets that -- we have been being modernized buildings, we may -- one that -- the one I mentioned, we are going to tear a piece of the building off. None of them are going to be ground up.And the reason why, what we are finding in our markets, there’s -- it’s really all about the movement of goods and getting product closer to the consumer, and that requires more parking for vehicles and containers.So we are finding there’s an extraordinary amount of value being created just to deliver sites that have this excess land that can be used for the tenants that are frankly driving most of the demand in the marketplace. So we build a building here and there. We have got a few things are about to come out of the ground. But in the infill markets, it’s not only about development, if you have some excess land.

Thanks, guys.

Our next question comes from line of Blaine Heck with Wells Fargo. Please proceed with your question.

Thanks. Good morning out there. So I know access to capital is not an issue for you guys whatsoever. But just given the high cost of properties in your markets, especially core properties that have been renovated or redeveloped, have you guys considered expanding your disposition program and maybe taking some profits on some of the buildings that you guys have done such a good job of redeveloping and stabilizing?

Hey, Blaine. It’s Michael. Thanks so much for your question. On the one disposition that we announced recently on Valley Boulevard is a great example of that, where we were able to harvest cash flow. Aand also disposed of an asset that was a little bit more management-intensive, more multi-tenant in nature, so contributes also to our operating margin in a sense.But we do continually look at our portfolio, frankly, on a continuous basis, where -- and look at where we might prune and create some incremental value for recycling in capital. So you are going to see us do that. I think in a similar fashion than we have done in the prior year or so. I wouldn’t underwrite anymore acceleration in that per se, but we continue to do that.And if you look at the portfolio going forward, there’s a tremendous amount of internal growth to be harvested. I think we estimate our expirations through the end of next year to be about 18% or so below market, just as an indication.And if you look at the NOI growth profile of the company today or at the end of the quarter, assuming we didn’t buy another asset, pretty interesting. I mean, we looked at having about 19.7% embedded NOI growth in the in-place portfolio as of the end of the quarter.And the biggest component of that -- the two biggest components starts with the repositioning. So that’s a great indication as to how we are going to able to continue to create value in these assets. And repositionings don’t only come from new acquisitions. A lot of repositionings we will do over time come from legacy acquisitions where we just couldn’t get to the space, because we had to -- a tenant had to expire for some time, sometimes many years.The second biggest component of that NOI growth comes from leasing spreads, and by the way, reposition is $14.5 million over the next 18 months or so of contribution incrementally and leasing spreads, using a very conservative estimate of leasing spreads about, frankly, half of what we have been doing, generates about $13.6 million of incremental NOI and so it’s just indicative of some of the embedded value in the portfolio that we intend to unlock.So -- and that’s across the Board by the way. So we are pretty excited about the portfolio and our ability create a lot more value in it going forward. But we will continue to prune as it makes sense as well. Does that help answer your question?

Yeah. Thanks. Thanks, Michael. That helps. And then just following up on spreads and growth, I think a few quarters ago you guys talked about how you were seeing and starting to push kind of 4% on annual rent bumps on some of the leases. Have you guys seen that become more of the norm at this point or maybe given those high increases in rent on expiration, are you seeing any pushback on those annual escalators? I guess, how do you guys think about balancing each of those rent drivers?

This is Howard. Yeah. It -- in selected instances we are pushing the 4%, but I think, for us we are not going to give up our ability to maximize the initial rent, because we want a 4% increase. So in some instances we are able to get them, but I wouldn’t say its common place in the market now. Other landlords are trying it selectively as well and it really it just depends on the fundamentals of the market.Obviously, when you have low vacancy like we do with about 2% on our infill markets, it’s going to be easier to push. But the markets are quite large and that’s really more selective pockets that have the tightest vacancy that we are trying to push it in a little bit harder very helpful.

Very helpful. Thanks, guys.

Our next question comes from the line of John Guinee with Stifel. Please proceed with your question.

Hi. Good afternoon everyone. This is Joab Dempsey on the line for John. Just had one question for you, it looks like you purchased a land parcel in the San Fernando Valley this quarter. Could you just detail how many open unencumbered lots you have now and how should we think about the potential square footage that could be developed on those lots?

Hi. This is Howard. Yeah. That parcel is something that was part of 0.5 million square foot business park we operate in the San Fernando Valley market and it was really just an opportunity to buy the fee interest out. We had a long term ground lease that parking lot was operating on.And interestingly the in-place rent we were paying, the purchase price equated to 5% return, but that rent was going to kick up to about 7.6% in terms of return on that cost within the next 18 months. So for us it was an opportunity to really just to control costs and operating that project.As far as other parcels that we have for development, we don’t have a substantial land bank. The infill markets as you know have very limited land opportunities. But we do have the ability to build, probably, right now somewhere in the 700,000 square foot range of new product, which is in our pipeline at varying phases of entitlement. We are about to start actually a couple of things in the next quarter.And yeah, occasionally, we find opportunities to buy land, but land is very expensive and typically in the infill markets when you look at construction costs and it is very difficult to deliver product on a for lease basis.So for us it’s really, sometimes we will find a land that is substantially below market price that we can be able to put those numbers together and work. Sometimes at the site that we buy that has excess land that the land is undervalued that we are able to add a little square footage. But for the most part the market is very challenged in terms of the opportunities.

Okay. Perfect. Thank you so much.

Our next question comes from the line of Tayo Okusanya with Mizuho. Please proceed with your question.

Yes. Good afternoon, everyone. Just a question in regards to the acquisition side again, just given that cap rates again continue to be very tight and you guys have a pretty low leverage, just curious your thoughts around using incremental leverage to kind of juice returns on the acquisition side.

Yeah. Hi, Tayo. It’s Michael. That’s a very good question and you are right. We have deliberately maintained a very low leverage profile for the company and we think that’s very appropriate particularly in general at this time in the cycle.And I -- we don’t really have it as a current strategy to, as you said, engineer higher returns through increased leverage. That’s really not a part of the near-term or medium-term thinking or business model for Rexford.And I think what you are looking at Rexford is an exceptional business model that’s performing in a way where we can deliver sector-leading FFO per share and FFO growth without needing to increase those returns through increased leverage.And that’s a luxurious position to be in and we are simply capitalizing on that. And we think that, over time, everybody, all owners, all shareholders of Rexford are going to be very happy with our low leverage profile of the company.

Got you. And then just going back to Jamie’s question from earlier on, again when I take a look at the same-store NOI guidance for the year, 5.5% to 6.5%, again and I kind of take a look at the first three quarters of the year when you were kind of high -- low-single digits, high-double digits, that kind of number. It kind of seems to still suggest that same-store NOI growth will further decelerate in the fourth quarter, and I think, I heard a deal, say, it was going to accelerate. I just wanted to kind of make sure I was kind of looking at this correctly and if it isn’t indeed decelerating in the fourth quarter, what’s kind of like the drivers of the further deceleration in the quarter?

Hi, Tayo. This is Adeel. So when I was talking about the same-store accelerating in Q4, it was a byproduct of a big quarter in terms of expirations that came in Q3. Obviously, with us doing a good job in renewing or getting new tenants in that space, Q4 is going to benefit from that, and as Michael pointed out, a lot of that roll took place in the latter part of the quarter. So Q3 didn’t benefit necessarily from the full impact but Q4 will.So what you saw in Q3 in terms of the same-store year-over-year is certainly going to look better in terms of Q4. Now Q4 still a pretty heavy quarter in terms of roll. But again, I point everybody to our ability to get great re-leasing spreads on a GAAP and cash basis. Ultimately, we are doing a great job in building a new NOI base, which is going to be beneficial to all the future quarters. So, that’s what I meant earlier…

Got you.

… when I said it’s a [inaudible] just because of that.

Okay. That makes more sense. And then just one more from my end, the same-store occupancy for the stabilized portfolio is about 97.7% and for the total portfolio it’s about 95%. Clearly, you have this fairly large gap because of a lot of the assets in the repositioning. Is that what we should be looking -- should we be looking for that gap, which again is at a historical wide really to start to close in 2020 and become a meaningful driver of earnings growth in 2020?

Hi, Tayo. It’s Howard. Well, I think, to put it in perspective, we operate single-tenant buildings and multi-tenant buildings. I think today we are about 65% multi-tenant projects. So those projects typically have a little bit shorter lease term than some of the single tenants. And so that overall portfolio occupancy really, I think, is more in line with how we would encourage people to underwrite the portfolio. And quarter-over-quarter, it’s going to vary, but in terms of gaining occupancy and pushing up the overall is substantially higher. I don’t think we would encourage you to underwrite that.

Got you.

And Tayo, one data point that I will add, obviously, the consolidated occupancy will bounce around based on our acquisitions in the current year.

Yeah.

This year was an interesting year is that about $98 million of our 2019 acquisitions are going to be a key driver because of repositioning efforts and that’s about 770,000 square feet called on our repositioning piece.So, yeah, absolutely, to your point, that is going to be a driver for future earnings in a very meaningful way and that’s also the contributing factor to why the overall consolidated occupancy is little lower than the stabilized same-store occupancy.

Got you. Helpful. Thank you.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Eric Frankel with Green Street Advisors. Please proceed with your question.

Thank you very much. First time caller, long time transcript reader, just a couple of questions for you, talking about redevelopment activities again and just escalating land values. Had you ever -- maybe you actually marked on this earlier in the call. Is there a larger shadow pipeline in your portfolio of larger buildings or maybe older vintage you bought a few years ago with the land values that come up enough and there’s not a lot of high quality product out there that it’s worth doing a more full scale redevelopment that’s not reflecting the redevelopment portfolio?

Hi, Eric. It’s Howard. Welcome, first-time caller. We appreciate you being here. That’s a great question and we look at our expirations and consider redevelopment each time we have a single-tenant building that’s expiring. And what we typically find is that there’s a bit more yield to be achieved in some of the repositioning work versus going ahead and performing a full-on redevelopment to construct a new building.That said, there are a few things that, because of the functionality, we may go ahead and build some new buildings here and there. But the market is so tight and there’s such a lack of space. The demand is still there, and I think, when you are thinking about redevelopment versus new, you are probably asking a question of the functionality, the clear heights and so forth.And in the infill markets, that -- those basic factors aren’t necessarily as important as if you are in a non-infill market, for instance, like the Inland Empire East, where you could have a building that’s probably an A quality building in the infill markets, but it’s going to be a B or a C out there. So the dynamics function very differently. But that said, we are still able to achieve these superior returns in our markets because of the demand profile.

Got you. Next question just regarding, obviously, you guys see the source a lot of kind of lightly marketed, off-market opportunities, you just have really intensive canvassing efforts. But have you seen cap rates for marketed transactions trend in any direction this year, do you think investment activity is even more intense than cap rates for highly marketed deals have kind to be even lower over the last couple of quarters?

Well, certainly on larger transactions, obviously, we have all seen some of these larger portfolios transact. And the product that’s within Southern California, we certainly see those cap rates come in, one-offs, single buildings, we have seen the cap rates tighten a bit. But for the most part, I think it’s a bit hard to generalize some of the cap rates…

Yeah.

… unless you are talking about a newer building with a fully valued lease on a comparative basis. But what we tend to find and what really we are able to arbitrage on in our acquisition is the fact that rents are all over the Board and a lot of the people we buy from don’t push rents.So depending on where the rents are on a property in terms of below market, the cap rate could be lower or higher. So we find that it’s a little harder to really just sort of put it all into one pot and try and make those comparisons.But in general, I -- we haven’t seen the typical transactions that Rexford is buying, these $20 million to $40 million deals, have any -- substantive cap rate compression. It’s more on the larger stuff.

Got you. Thanks. Just one final question, obviously, it’s sort a human standpoint, it’s tough to see some of the wildfire that are brewing in southern urban California. Can you talk about how that might impact your business though positively or negatively or in terms of insurance rates or whatever have you?

Yeah. Hey, Eric. We haven’t yet seen any real impact to our insurance rates, obviously, we are going to that next year. But the bigger impact for insurance rates historically has not been so much fires in Southern California. There had been other actually much larger events throughout the country related to wind and whatnot. So we haven’t seen that so far.And in terms of the potential of displaced tenants which could have an actual impact on our markets. We really have been fortunate. We really haven’t seen any industrial areas that hit in that way. I think it has something to do also with the topography, because Rexford is focused more on these infill markets, so they are less surrounded by fuel for fires for instance and so we haven’t really seen that as an impact either.

Eric, and just to second Michael’s thought earlier and part of the question and the answer. As I discussed the insurance when we have the discussions with our carriers, Rexford is considered a great risk for their profile.And a lot of time it’s just the capacity worldwide and what the world is seeing in terms of calamities and all the issues in terms of tornadoes and hurricanes and so on and so forth. So we definitely re better risk profile for the carriers. But when we see increases and not necessarily anything contributing because of our portfolio, it’s just a general capacity across the world and how it impacts us.

Right. Great. Thank you for the context. Much appreciate it.

Our next question comes from the line of Chris Lucas with Capital One. Please proceed with your question.

Hey. Hi, guys. Just maybe a follow-up on the last question as it relates to a slightly different approach, which is, on these preventative power outages that the utilities have been running. Have you had any properties that have been impacted by those?

Hi, Chris. It’s Howard. We haven’t heard of anything and most of these outages are all in Northern California. Southern California, there’s been some discussion of some power outages, but we haven’t heard anything yet that’s impacted any of our buildings.

And then I am assuming that your tenants have BI insurance that’s a requirement for lease?

Yeah.

Okay. And then, I guess, taking a step back, just wanted to understand the capital markets activity decisioning in the third quarter. You did a nice execution on the 15-year private placement bond and you did a preferred offering as well. So a pretty healthy spread in the cost of those two and given the length of the 15-year bond, there was -- the payback period sort of between the two seems to be pretty far out there. Just kind of curious as to why you chose the mix you did during the quarter?

Hey, Chris. It’s Michael. I think the quarter is indicative of our goal, which is to have a balanced capital structure and to have a diverse array of tools at our disposal to grow the company. And that’s a great question about the preferred.But we think that there is a place for the preferreds in our capital structure. We think it’s accretive to common actually day one, even though it does provide a little bit of a hit to free cash flow and FFO per share on day one.And in particularly, for Rexford as a growth company, because when you think about the fact that those equity investors on the preferred are captive to a 5.625% yield forever and if you compare what we have been generating in terms of the return to common well in excess, multiples of that type of a return.So everything above a 5.625 was right to common and we have done the analysis in terms of how that’s impact us on our prior preferreds and it’s really, really a tremendous benefit to common. Also given the type of investments we are able to make that are adding value to the portfolio and giving us growth. So we believe that there is a place for preferreds in the portfolio. We think they are actually accretive common day one.And -- but I understand the question and I think that a lot of folks got a very short-term horizon. They may view a preferred as diminishing our current FFO per share, our cash flow. But the longer term your horizon is, the longer term your view is, the more on I believe would tend to view those preferred as equity, because they are permanent capital for us and no repayment requirement and a fixed coupon. So very attractive for our company in particular and we do think there’s a nice place for it on the capital structure.

Great. Thank you. That’s all I had today.

All right. With that, we would like to thank everybody for joining us this quarter. We wish everybody a wonderful holiday season and we look forward to reconnecting in about three months. Thank you everyone.

Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today’s teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation and have a wonderful day.