Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Papa John's First Quarter 2023 Conference Call and Webcast. After the speakers' presentation there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to Stacy Frole, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Good morning, and welcome to our first quarter earnings conference call. This morning, we issued our 2023 first quarter earnings release. A copy of the release can be obtained on our Investor Relations website at ir.papajohns.com under the News Releases tab or by contacting our Investor Relations department at investor_relations@papajohns.com. On the call this morning are Rob Lynch, our President and CEO and Chris Collins, our Interim Principal Financial and Accounting Officer. Before we begin, I need to remind you that comments made during this call will include forward-looking statement within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements may involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. Forward-looking statement should be considered in conjunction with the cautionary statements in our earnings release, and the risk factors included in our SEC filings. In addition, please refer to our earnings release for the required reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures discussed on today's call. Lastly, let me thank you in advance for asking only one question and getting back in the queue for more follow up. Rob?

Thank you, Stacy. Good morning, everyone, and thanks for joining us. Overall, we are pleased with our first quarter performance, which was consistent with our expectations and resulted in the highest global system-wide sales and company history. Our North America comparable sales were in line with our record results we achieved a year ago and supported by 3% growth in our domestic company-owned restaurants. In the first quarter, we also opened 59 new restaurants. We are extremely proud of our accomplishments over the last three and a half year. We've built a unique infrastructure and business model that is designed for sustainable sales growth. We've built an amazing product pipeline with new platforms that keep producing new ideas. We have also significantly improved our operations to support our business moving forward, and we have built a company culture that makes us all proud. But we know there is more to be done, and we have yet to realize our full potential. We continue to see opportunities to get better and create value for our customers, our franchisees and our shareholders. This is why I'm so excited about the future of Papa John's, the challenges and opportunities that we have to get better. fees: Our track record of delivering three straight years positive comp sales gives us confidence that we can deliver on our long term targets. Over the past several years, we have been investing in technology and building an organizational infrastructure necessary to operate an industry leading CRM platform that is designed to drive brand engagement through relational and set of transactional experiences. Today, approximately 85% of our sales come through digital channels and we have nearly 30 million loyalty member accounts. We have a significant data platform that we must utilize to enhance our brand and make the…

Thank you, Rob, and good morning, everybody. I'm excited to speak with you today and look forward to working with you and the Papa John's team as I take on this interim role. As you read in our earnings release this morning, we continue to deliver top line growth on top of significant gains over the past few years. For the first quarter, global system wide restaurant sales were $1.2 billion, up 2% in constant currency and excluding the franchisee suspended restaurants announced last year. Net unit growth primarily in international markets contributed to the higher system-wide sales. For the first quarter, North America comp sales were flat with last year's record first quarter sales. A result of a 3% growth in our company-owned restaurants, and a decrease of 1% across franchised restaurants who are coming off a strong first quarter a year ago. For added color, in the first quarter, we have lapped our largest January ever, when customers were staying closer to home due to the impact of Omicron. On a two year and three year stack, North America comps were up 2% and 28% respectively. International comps were down 6% in the first quarter as inflation continue to pressure consumer spending across markets. Similar to the fourth quarter, the challenges we faced in the UK market had a significant impact on our International segment results. First quarter comps were also impacted in Asian markets due to the Chinese New Year and the loosening of COVID restrictions. Strength in our other international markets especially in the Middle East and Spain partially offset these pressures. Total revenues for the first quarter were $527 million, up slightly from the same period last year when excluding the impact of refranchising in 90 restaurant joint venture in 2022. Now turning to margins.…

Thanks, Chris. I've said it before, Pizza is a uniquely special food. It almost always brings friends and families together some form of celebration, whether it's the Super Bowl or a casual Friday night gathering. We believe that the world deserves better pizza and that we deliver it. But we remain hungry for better. I'm proud and thankful for the last 3.5 years, but I'm most excited about the future of this brand. With that, I'll turn the call over to the operator for Q&A.

Thank you. And as a reminder, we ask that you please keep your questions to one and queue up again for additional questions if needed. Please standby while we compile the Q&A roster. And our first question comes from the line of Sarah Senatore with Bank of America. Please proceed.

Okay. Thank you very much. Question and then a clarification about unit growth. So, on the PJP's agreement for India, I know, predates you, Rob, but the India was a market that Papa John's was in and then left a few years ago. And I was just wondering if you could talk a little bit about what's changed? Whether it's evolution of the market or the positioning or just that are operating capabilities for your partner there? And the clarification, we just understanding the help you're giving your franchisees in the U.S. There's no sort of financial contribution from Papa John's just offering services and sort of the kind of upfront help that somebody who might be new to building or franchising might need that. Is that correct?

Yes, Sarah. Hi. Good morning. So, I'll answer the second one first. We have standard incentives that we offer for high levels of development across our domestic footprint that hasn't changed. We have equipment incentives and other types of incentives to spur development. But we haven't increased that or added any type of unique royalty relief or anything like that to spur development. We've created some services and some capabilities. What we heard from our franchisees domestically is it's never been tougher to get a restaurant build from a permitting standpoint, construction standpoint, while we have great resources to help our franchisees with that. So we set up a model that allows them to tap into our resources to help them with their permitting and construction needs. So that's really the only incremental support that we've added to the model. We're really excited about the new restaurant design. Our franchisees are excited about that. We're -- every new model moving forward will look like the new Papa John's. And I think that's going to have a nice impact on our sales run rate once we kind of give all of those stores a facelift and bring that new model to market. In regards to India, last time, like you said, it does predate me. I wasn't here the last time Papa John's tried to go into India, but I've definitely done my homework diligence on why. This is different than the last time. The last time we went into India, we didn't do a lot of due-diligence prior to entering that market. We went in and try to operate that market pretty much the same way we go into every market. India is a unique market with different dynamics, different supply chain, different cost structure, and most different is kind of the consumer price sensitivity and the consumer needs for a different type of product. So, we spent about a year and a half working with our franchisee from the Middle East who has done an amazing job building out that region and very successful. And they have gone in along with our support and done a lot of research to understand exactly what the needs are in that market. And so, we've built a business model and a business plan that we both believe can be successful. It's a lower priced offering that meets the needs of the consumers in that market, and it's going to be a more concentrated effort. We're going to go city-to-city and build scale in each city prior to gathering restaurants all over the market and fragmenting kind of the resource allocation for those individual markets. So, it's a very different go-to-market plan than I understand, we went to market in India in the past, and that's what gives us a lot of confidence.

Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Thank you. One moment for our next question please. And it comes from the line of Joshua Long with Stephens. Please proceed.

Great. Thank you for taking my question. I was hopeful we could dive into some of the Back to BETTER operational initiatives that are underway. Understanding that we're probably early on. But just curious how those are progressing? Maybe you could share some additional color there. You mentioned time out-the-door was getting better. I mentioned that there's some other kind of early wins, maybe at the store level that you could talk about that might inform this idea of the guidance or outlined by the guidance in terms of improving sales over the course of the year?

Yes. Thank you for the question. Yes, it has been transformational in our corporate restaurants. I think I've shared this before, but -- and it's probably not a big surprise to anybody in this call. But during the pandemic, staffing that's so challenging that literally our restaurants and our operators we're bringing in everybody and anybody from a labor standpoint to try and mitigate the staffing challenges. And really, the primary focus of every restaurant became staffing. And so we lost a little bit of the discipline on the KPIs. We kind of gave ourselves freedom to not meet the standards that we had always focused on in the past in terms of make time and out-the-door times and total into the door times. So, when as we came out of the pandemic and we looked at and we brought in some new leadership. We looked at all of the KPIs that have historically been so important from to this brand, because this brand has always prided itself on operational excellence. And we recommitted our teams to that discipline to make sure that we had -- we were tracking it. We were measuring it. We were reinforcing great behavior. We were addressing outages. And our corporate team just rallied around that. And that's why we have been able to deliver a 25% decrease in out-the-door times and increase customer service commensurately. So, how does that impact the margin and the productivity moving forward? Well, two ways. One, it gives you greater throughput. You can handle more orders and in the same amount of time, but it also gives you better labor productivity as we continue to operate better as it continues to become part of our DNA, we're able to allocate our labor much more efficiently and effectively. So, and lastly, as we deliver better service, we anticipate frequency increasing. As customers' expectations are met or exceeded, we anticipate that they're going to order more often from us. So, that's kind of what's baked into our operating model moving forward and that's why we have confidence in our restaurant margin continuing to improve sequentially throughout the year.

Thank you.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. And it comes from the line of Chris O'Cull with Stifel. Please proceed.

Thanks. Good morning guys. This is Patrick on for Chris. Rob, your guidance is obviously the same as positive comps for the year. And I'm curious if you can provide any additional color on current trends since we need to see that come up from the flat comp in Q1. And so, I'm just curious if you're trending towards that now or the lower end of that range at least or if you still have ground to make up. And if so, flatter, what gives you confidence that you can get there over the course of the year?

No. It's a great question, and its a question I ask my teams pretty much every day. Obviously, we reiterated our guidance for the year to be positive. And obviously, we were in -- we are flat in Q1. But the Q1 is definitely our biggest comp quarter. It's our highest sales quarter. We were positive last year when all of the competition was negative. And so, we knew this was going to be our toughest quarter. As you look out, through the balance of the year, the comps definitely get easier. But that's not the only confidence. The reason that we have confidence in our ability to change the trajectory. I mean, we today are launching our biggest innovation ever. We've got MOD [ph] and Doritos, Cool Ranch, Cool Ranch, Doritos, Papadia. We've put in a ton of support behind that. We've gotten a ton of amazing food reviews and PR surrounding that over the last week as we've kind of prep for this launch. So we're eagerly anticipating this weekend to see our customers' reaction. But that's just the first thing. So we have a great pipeline of innovation throughout this year. We've got continued improvements in our company operations that we're excited about. And then, I think our franchisees have a big opportunity as well to kind of tap into some of these resources that we build on our Back to BETTER initiative corporately, and drive those into our -- into their operations. So, that's all upside in the back half the year, and we fundamentally believe that that's going to deliver continued sequential comp improvement.

Great. Thanks.

Thank you.

Thank you. One moment for our next question, please. And it comes from the line of Alexander Slagle with Jefferies. Please proceed.

Thanks. Good morning. I wanted to just ask on franchisee health in North America and the volumes are better and margins are down a bit. But where does the average franchisee EBITDA or profit stand now versus 2019? I know we've asked on this topic and overall cash returns and investment costs before, and not something you might provide too many details on, but wanted to circle back on it for any additional perspective you can provide these metrics and become more focused for investors, understandably across the industry that gone through such an unusual time in the last few years. And I know you have the Back to BETTER initiatives kind of rolling out to franchisees, expecting a lot of improvements on these metrics. Over time, I just wanted to see if you could circle back on any of those metrics as expected?

Yes. I guess what I would share with you is our franchisee situation over the last four years isn't that dramatically different from corporate situation. So we don't disclose our franchisee EBITDA, but we do disclose, obviously, the makeup of our company P&L. So, obviously, our margins have come down year-over-year after an amazing 2021 and in front half of 2022 before kind of the inflation really started to take hold. But relative to 2019, our EBITDA margins are up and up pretty significantly. And a flip part of that is a function of our sales are up significantly. In 2019, our average AUVs across the system was about 900,000 and today, we're up pushing up close to 1.2 million. So, that level of sales and flow-through definitely creates some fixed overhead coverage and definitely create some improved profitability, which has helped us to mitigate some of this increased inflation that we've seen on both the commodities and the wages. And when I tell everybody about this business, is -- like if you believe that there is going to be a normalization of commodity costs over the next year, 18 months, then -- and you believe that we can hold on to the pricing that we've taken, which we've seen, an ability to do over the last year since we've come out of the pandemic, there's a ton of upside on operating margin. The commodity inflation that we've seen is unprecedented in this business. And record highs for a lot of the input costs. And I fundamentally don't believe that could stay that way in perpetuity. I believe in efficient markets, I believe that their supply is going catch up to the demand regardless of the macroeconomic environment. So I do believe that there's a lot of margin expansion at the operating level as we look into the back half of 2023 and beyond. So I do think that margins right now, although higher than 2019 are a bit compressed relative to what we're going to see moving forward.

Got it. Thank you.

Thank you. One moment for our next question, please. And it comes from the line of Eric Gonzalez with KeyBanc. Please proceed.

Hey, thanks and good morning. It sounds like you're reiterating that flat to slightly up margin outlook for the year. And I believe you said that you expect a large uptick in G&A in the second quarter due to convention in the fairly large step up for the full year. So perhaps you could help us understand where the other offsets might be from that G&A line? And how much commodity normalization you're baking into that outlook? Thanks.

Yes. I mean, our team has been focused on G&A really since day one this year. And we've been very efficient and productive. I don't think that we're going to have a significant uptick on our -- I think about it on our run rate G&A. The biggest impact of G&A this year is we paid zero bonus last year across our company. We didn't achieve the targets that we had put in place. Obviously, that was driven by an unforeseen and unprecedented level of cost coming into our P&L and our corporate restaurant ownership has proportionately impacted us relative to our peer group, but we did the responsible thing. And we made sure that we were good stewards of our shareholder value. And so we didn't pay any bonuses last year. This year, we have baked in return to performance compensation. So that's really the big impact on G&A this year. Our actual operating G&A is actually become more efficient. So that's how we think we're going to manage through some of these challenges. Obviously, yes, Q2, our first conference. But even the conference, we're able to come in under our budget and deliver a great conference. So, I'm really excited about our team's focus, understanding kind of how we need to tighten the belt while the cost structure continues. And I'm confident that we'll be good stewards of P&L.

If I could jump back in, the question is really about what are the other parts of P& L understanding that you do have that – the bonuses in the G&A. So, if you could speak to maybe the company margins or other offsets that could get you back to that, keep that top margin flat?

Yes, I mean 2% to 4% sales growth is part of it. The other part of it, I think we've guided to sequentially improving operating margin. So, those are kind of two of the big drivers. And then our development. We're going open up across the system between 270 and 310 net new units, so, over 400 units built this year. So between those three drivers, I mean, that's kind of – those are kind of the drivers of our earnings growth.

Got it. Thanks.

Thanks. One moment for our next question, please. And it comes from the line of Lauren Silberman with Credit Suisse. Please proceed.

Thank you very much. Rob, the pizza category broadly seems to be facing some slower trends compared to what we've seen elsewhere in QSR. Can you just speak to your view on the pizza category, and whether you're seeing any changes in customer behavior signs of trade down? And then anything you can share in performance between delivery and carryout would be helpful?

Yes. Great question, Lauren. I mean, the pizza category on average over the last 10 years has been relatively slow growth category. During the pandemic, obviously, we, the pizza industry category outperform all of QSR. So, I think as we head in, we're coming out of that. This is kind of the last quarter where for us where there's kind of a still a residual, big, COVID impact. People forget that was only a year ago that Omicron was kind of wiping out, a lot of the labor market, the challenges with that, and people were staying home again the last January and February. So, we're – that positively impacted our category, we're obviously negatively impacted a lot of the sit down and fast casual. So as you see these positive comps that a lot of the restaurant industry is coming with this quarter, me to reflect on kind of what everybody's lapping from last quarter. So now, once we get past all that, we look forward, I mean, we believe that we can continue to grow between 2% and 4%, and that will probably outpace the rate of growth for the category. I think that there's going to continue to be pressure on 40% to 50% of the category, that's the mom-and-pop segment. The cost structure is really hard for them to make it work. They don't have scale to drive the kind of productivity and efficiency that some of the larger groups do and their prices are 40%, 50% higher as a result of that. So, I don't know how long that can sustain itself. I think that the category in this business is becoming even more digital and IT dependent. But I think that also puts stress on the smaller players that don't have the resources infrastructure to invest in those capabilities. So, I think that we'll be able to continue to take share from some of the smaller players. And then, I think we've got a great value proposition moving forward relative to the rest of the industry. Our innovation pipeline continues to fill up with great ideas. And so, despite call it low single digit growth from the category, we're confident that we'll be able to continue to deliver between 2% to 4%.

Thank you. Is there anything you can share on what you're seeing between delivery and carryout?

Yes, great question. Sorry, I didn't get there. We are seeing some shifts into carryout. Our carryout business has always been real robust. I know we haven't talked about it as much as maybe some of the other players in the industry. But we have a strong carryout business. And as these more challenging economic times and price sensitivity increases, you're going to see a little bit of a push in the carryout. That doesn't -- that does not necessarily a problem for us. We're excited about that. Obviously, it can help us maybe with some labor, and some staffing challenges. But it does reduce the ticket to some extent because of the delivery fee that goes with along with the delivery purchase. So, as the model shifts from delivery to carryout, you're going to have to be able to pick up some savings in the labor side, because you are going to a little bit of a challenge on the revenue side by foregoing those delivery fees. So – but I think some of our delivery business, organic delivery is supplemented with our continued growth with the third-party aggregators. I know that there's a lot of talk about their growth rates slowing now, but there's still grow, outgrow outpacing growth in the core pizza category. So, we're getting to benefit from that through our investments with them and our partnerships with them. So, our delivery business is probably holistic delivery business has held up a little bit better than maybe some other folks in the category.

Thank you very much. Very helpful.

Thanks, Lauren.

Thank you. One moment for our next question, please. And it comes from the line of Peter Saleh with BTIG. Please proceed.

Great. Thanks and good morning. Rob, I just want to come back to the conversation around the commodities. I believe last quarter, when you guys gave the full year outlook, you anticipated commodities maybe modestly deflationary for the full year. I know you ended the first quarter up about 4%. Are you still expecting commodities to be modestly deflationary? It does look like we've seen some moderation in some of your input costs. Just if you could give us a little bit more color on that, that would be helpful?

Yes. I mean, I think we did expect to see a little bit more deflation already this year, but we're starting – I mean, it's sequentially has continued to improve. I mean, it's just been very volatile. So, we do and our forecast have continued moderation of commodity costs even if Q1 hasn't fully realized those costs. When you look at what we're lapping. Q2 of 2022 was by far the highest input cost environment that we operated in. So plus 18% year-over-year. Average cheese price per pound was $2.30. So the markets today are in the dollar call it 80 [ph] range. So that's a big change that we're seeing in the current environment. But it's been very volatile, but we do see the full year being modestly deflationary.

Great. And then just on unit development, I know you guys reiterated your long-term target. And it does really imply a pretty meaningful step up in development in 2024 and 2025. So, just curious is how quickly can India come on track here and start building units? And so, what other markets do you think you guys need to open to really get to those development targets that you guys laid out this morning? Thanks.

Yes. I mean our current development targets sell and incorporate a significant amount of new geographies opening up over the next two years. It's really based on our current franchisees and the current agreement that we have in place. I mean Asia is a huge growth region for us right now. China is probably going to be our biggest unit development growth country for the foreseeable future. We are anticipating new units coming in from India in the back half of this year, or I'm sorry, starting in 2024. So we'll have two years of India development. And 650 units over a 10 year period, obviously, there'll be a bit of a ramp there. But that's a lot of units in 2024 and 2025 relative for the development that's going on elsewhere. So, we do believe that we can ramp pretty quickly. We're seeing – especially internationally, we're seeing continued strength in a lot of our Middle Eastern and in Asia markets. Obviously, I think we called out, we're in the UK where there's some franchise optimization going on there, system optimization, making sure that we are set up for long-term growth. So that's been a bit of a development source for us over the last four or five years that is evolving right now, but we feel confident that we can make up some of those challenges in some of these other markets.

Thank you.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. And it comes from the line of Dennis Geiger with UBS. please proceed.

Thank you. Rob, in your prepared remarks, you talked about your industry leading CRM platform and then the size of the loyalty program at point. Just wondering if you could talk a little more about the opportunity there to better leverage that platform. And related to that, I'm curious as it relates to third-party, which I don't know how much of that kind of integrates with loyalty or assume part of it is separate. Just curious within that -- if that third party business, if you can speak to has become a larger – if the mix continues to go higher of your total business. And how you think about that within the context of that – of your kind of internal CRM loyalty platform? Thank you.

Sure. The aggregator business is not tied to our loyalty business. In fact, ideally, we would bring in new folks from the aggregators and convert them into loyalty members. I mean, the data that we have suggest is what the aggregator marketplace business is between 50% and 60% incremental new business for our business. So, that's something that is really part of our strategy. We're bringing in those new customers. They love our products. They love the innovation, the new ideas that we bring. And then, they want to come back, because it is more economical to order Papa John's through our organic channel. So that's kind of -- that's the long-term. That's the that's the business model. In terms of how much the aggregators represent of our business? Yes. I mean, obviously, if our comps this year are flat and our business with the aggregators is growing, then they are going to continue to grow as a percent of our business. It's still a very – it's a healthy amount, but it's not something that is becoming a situation where we're dependent on that business for us to be able to deliver our long-term objectives. It's a healthy growing piece of our business that we'll continue to invest in. It's profitable. But it's not so substantial that we feel like it's a liability And then the last the last question around our loyalty platform. I know, I've got like a broken record here, but we still have not fully capture the value of that program. We have not yet built out the capabilities to execute the level of one-to-one marketing and frequency building opportunities that I aspire for that program to achieve. And I take accountability for that, but I also get excited about it, because it continues to be upside. And so, we just hired a new CMO, Mark Shambura, who is really passionate about that work. And I'm obviously passionate about it as well. And so, that will be a big focus for us moving forward. And over the last three years, the tools and capabilities to leverage that huge amount of data that we're getting has changed significantly, just over the last three or four years. So we look to tap into that and leverage that to create a lot of value moving forward.

Thanks for taking us, Rob. Appreciate it.

Got it.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. And it comes from the line of Andrew Strelzik with BMO Capital Markets. Please proceed.

Hey, good morning. I guess I wanted to just try to tie some comments that you made together and ask about your value proposition, which you said is strong versus the industry. You've talked about the ability to hold on to the price increases. But at the same time, we're seeing some delivery shifts to carryout, which may be attributed kind of to cost and have talked about better check traffic balance. So, I guess, how do you think about getting there? I guess on one hand, it could just be as simple as not taking as much price this year. But are you planning to shift your kind of value messaging? Is there more that you think you need to do? You talked about the one-to-one marketing maybe that plays in. I'm just curious how you think about and reflect on the value efforts you've had so far and your value proposition going forward? Thanks.

It's a great question. Because we're definitely entering into a period if we're not already all the way there where value is going to become more important it has been over the last three years. And so, it's critical for us to have a compelling and successful value strategy. I mean, regardless of whether or not we are going to focus on our premium innovation. I mean, that's what we've done over the last three years of kind of our positioning in the marketplace. If you don't have a compelling value strategy, it's really hard to compete QSR, whether you're in pizza, burger, tacos, whatever. I mean, value is a big part of the business model. So, despite the fact that we focused on our premium innovation and that we've continued to drive a significant amount of check growth through trading customers up to products like Stuffed Crust and New York-Style and Chacaroni and all these other things. We've never walked away from value. I mean, we still offer great carryout specials on our app and our website. We still offer great bundle on our app and our website. So, we haven't necessarily taken the same approach as some of our competitors with big 50% off promotions and those types of things. That's not necessarily a part of our strategy. The value is a big part of our strategy. And we get at it a lot of different ways. I mean, our Papa Pairings platform is a way for us to bring great value on wings and other side items. Our carryout specials are tapping into a lot of the drive ports carryout. So, we fully believe that we have to be competitive on value. We just get at it a little bit different than maybe some of the other competitors in the industry. So, we're going to continue to invest on premium innovation. We're going to continue to push our most premium loyal customers into some of our new great products, but we know we have to meet the needs of that core customer and we're focused on doing that.

Great. Thank you very much.

Thank you, Andrew.

One moment for our next question, please. And it comes from the line of Todd Brooks with the Benchmark Company. Please proceed.

Hey, good morning. Thanks. Quick question, taking the unit growth discussion to this year's level, Rob. I know you guys have reaffirmed your targets for net new openings this year. I think you got about 10% of that level opened in Q1. Can you just talk to the opening pace early in the year relative to how you expected the year to track? And maybe just on the 24 international closures. Are those concentrate in the UK or are they more broadly spread? Thanks.

Yes. I mean, we're actually right track with our forecast for the year in terms of net new openings and the closures that we have seen have been spread throughout our footprint are not concentrated in the U.S. We did a market transformation in the Netherlands, and I think that represented a big chunk of those closures. And we didn't necessarily have that in our plan for the year, but we were able to actually open restaurants at a higher rate and other geographies to mitigate that. Net-net, it puts us right on track with where we had planned on being at this point in the year. As I did mention though, just for color, I mean, and I think we disclosed in some of the discussions. We are working on the UK. And there will be some market amortization there, and there's probably going to be a little bit less development there as a outcome of that. And so -- but we have been able to fill that gap with upside in a lot of our other geographies and in a lot of our other markets. I mean, the reality is we have some really strong performance and sequentially continues to improve in Asia and Middle East. So, we're doubling down on those markets, which is mitigating some of market optimization that we're going to have to execute the UK.

Thanks Rob.

Thank you.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. And it comes from the Nick Setyan with Wedbush. Please proceed.

Thank you. We set some strength in both the commissary margin and international margin. Just wondering if there's anything sort of one time in international margin, for example, that we should be aware of. And whether that's sort of – how should we think about that international margin as the year progresses? And any reason why the commissary margin shouldn't stay at this level or even go higher as the year progresses?

Well, I'll remind you, our commissary margin is a fixed margin. So, on an annualized basis, we have a fixed margin of 4% on the commissary. The reason why it's higher year-over-year is because sometimes there are some timing issues around kind of last year we were chasing the increase in cost with increased prices out to the franchisees for the ingredients. And so, we weren't able to make the full margin in Q1 last year. This year is a little bit of a different dynamic. But for the full year, you should always expect that we're going to deliver about a 4% margin on that business. On the international side, it's really about just tightening the belt and making sure that we have the right operating model to operate that business. I think our leadership -- we put some new leadership in to that business over the last year. And they're very conscientious on their performance relative to their cost structure. And I think they've just been really great about doing the things necessary to hold costs down. The other piece is consistent with what I disclosed on the commissary in the U.S. We own the commissary in the UK. And last year, as we saw this kind of hyperinflation. We weren't really able to pass that inflation onto the franchisees as quickly as we needed to. So, there was a lower rate of margin during Q1, and I think even into Q2 this year that dynamic doesn't exist. So we're delivering a higher margin year-over-year in the UK Commissary. So those are I think the three key drivers.

Thank you.

Thank you. And this concludes our Q&A. I will pass the call back to management for any final remarks.

So, thanks everyone for the call today. It's obviously a unique time that we're all working through. So, our intent is to be as parent as possible on the business and on the industry because you guys can do your jobs. But to summarize, I just want to say, I'm thankful to our teams and our franchisees for continuing to deliver solid performance. We lap Q1 of 2022, which was our highest sales volume quarter in history, which lap Q1 of 2021, which previously had been the highest sales volume in history. So these are big laps for us. And the ability to lap flat or positive is indicative of the strength of the sales in the restaurants So, I'm thankful for our teams to continue to deliver these solid results. I'm also confident in and excited about 2023 and beyond. We have forecasted increased comps, forecasted some decreased cost and we're continuing to be strong developers throughout the system, throughout the globe despite some of the challenges that everyone highlights in the industry with development and construction at this point. And obviously, with kind of the macroeconomic and interest rate environment that's going on. So I'm very bullish about the future. I couldn't be more proud of the of the team and the and the way everyone's working together. And so, I just want to thank you all for your continued support, and thank you for your time today.

Thank you. And with that ladies and gentlemen, we conclude today's conference. Thank you for participating. And you may now disconnect.