Thank you, Jay.
First, I want to remind you that our typical contract period is on June 1 to May 31 of the following year. Net premiums earned for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, we were $181,000 compared to $264,000 in the prior year. The change is due to lower capital deployed in the current year.
Net investments and other income in the first quarter totaled $14,000 compared to $33,000 last year. Net realized investment gains were minimal in both periods.
Total expenses, which includes policy acquisition costs as well as general and admin expenses was $222,000 (sic) [ $272,000 ], which was consistent with prior year first quarter at approximately $275,000.
For the first quarter of 2021, we recognized a fair value gain in equity securities of $124,000 compared to a loss of $326,000 last year. The change was due primarily to depressed capital market experience [ due to decreased ] opportunity and due to the uncertainty created by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. With this change, this positive change in fair value of our equity securities in the first quarter of the new year, we are pleased to generate net income of $28,000 compared to a loss of $364,000 from last year's first quarter. And as Jay mentioned, we experienced no underwriting losses for the first 3 months ended March 31, 2021.
With respect to our financial ratios, as we discussed before, we use various measures to analyze the growth and profitability of our business operations. For reinsurance business, we measure underwriting profitability by examining our loss ratio, our acquisition ratio, our expense ratio and combined ratio.
Our loss ratio, which measures underwriting profitability, is the ratio of losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred to net premiums earned. For the 3 months ended March 31, 2021, and 2020, the loss ratio was 0% in this period due to no losses or loss adjustment expenses in the period.
Our acquisition cost ratio, which measures operational efficiency, compares policy acquisition costs with net premiums earned. Our acquisition cost ratio for the 3 months ended March 31, 2021, was 11%, which is consistent with the same period last year.
Our expense ratio, which measures operating performance, compares policy acquisition costs and general and admin expenses with net premiums earned. The expense ratio for the 3 months ended March 31, 2021, was 150.3% compared to 104.2% for the same period in 2020. The increase was due to the lower denominator in net premiums in this quarter resulting from the lower capital deployed when compared with the first quarter of 2020.
Our combined ratio, which is used to measure underwriting performance, is the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio. Our combined ratio for the 3 months ended March 31, 2021, increased to 150.3% from 104.2% last year. Again, the change is due to a lower denominator in net premiums earned resulting from lower capital deployed compared with the prior year.
Now turning to the balance sheet. Total investments totaled $1.6 million, up from 784 -- $787,000 at December 31, 2020. The increase is due to the purchase of equity securities during the period. At March 31, 2021, cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents totaled $6.8 million, stable with $7.5 million at December 31, 2020. Total shareholders' equity at March 31, 2021, was $8 million, which was consistent with $8 million at the end of 2020.
Now I'd like to turn the call back over to Jay to wrap up before we take your questions. Jay?