Greetings and welcome to the Oshkosh Corporation Fiscal 2022 First Quarter Results Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. [Operator Instructions]. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host Pat Davidson, Vice President of Investor Relations for Oshkosh. Thank you, sir. You may begin.

Good morning, and thanks for joining us. Earlier today, we published our first quarter 2022 results. A copy of the release is available on our website at oshkoshcorp.com. Today's call is being webcast and is accompanied by a slide presentation, which includes a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures that we will use during this call and is also available on our website. The audio replay and slide presentation will be available on our website for approximately 12 months. Please refer now to Slide 2 of that presentation. Our remarks that follow, including answers to your questions, contain statements that we believe to be forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks that could cause actual results to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks include, among others, matters that we have described in our Form 8-K filed with the SEC this morning and other filings we make with the SEC. We disclaim any obligation to update these forward-looking statements which may not be updated until our next quarterly earnings conference call, if at all. As a reminder we have changed our fiscal year to align with the calendar year effective January 1, 2022. All comparisons during this call to the prior year quarter are to the quarter ended March 31st, 2021. Our presenters today include John Pfeifer, President and Chief Executive Officer; and Mike Pack, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Please turn to Slide 3 and I'll turn it over to you, John.

Thank you Pat and good morning everyone. For the quarter we reported sales growth of 3% with adjusted earnings per share of $0.24 modestly above the expectations we shared on our last earnings call. As expected, we experienced peak level price cost headwinds during the quarter which challenged margins throughout the company. We expect price cost dynamics to improve in the second quarter and into the second half of the year as we begin to more fully realize the benefits of higher pricing levels. Customer demand remains healthy as evidenced by strong order activity during the quarter and record high backlogs. Our long term growth outlook is strong. Early in the quarter we experienced modest improvements in supply chain and commodity costs. However, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has cause further inflation pressure in parts constraints across industries. In response our team has acted quickly and implemented additional price increases in our non-defense segments. In fact, many of these adjustments in the access and commercial segments were effective immediately. We are also closely monitoring COVID related lockdowns in China as this is impacting our production and parts availability in China as well as global supply chains. I'm proud of the efforts of Oshkosh team members who have shown their grit and determination as we work to overcome supply chain disruptions, freight, and logistics challenges as well as work force constraints. During the quarter we received our first order from the United States postal service for our cutting edge next generation delivery vehicles. We have also remained active in the M&A and investment space. We purchased CartSeeker Technology during the quarter and just yesterday we completed a minority investment in Robotics, an autonomy leader robotic research. You've heard us talk previously about the benefits we expect to generate with programmatic M&A…

Thanks, John and good morning, everyone. Please turn to Slide 8. Before I begin, I want to remind everyone that all comparisons to the prior year quarter after the three months ended March 31, 2021. Starting with first quarter results consolidated sales for the quarter were $1.95 billion or $57 million higher than the prior year quarter, representing a 3% increase. The consolidated sales increase was largely driven by a 20% or $145 million increase at Access Equipment due to strong demand, particularly in North America, partially offset by lower sales at defense due to lower FHTV and FMTV volumes. Consolidated operating income for the quarter was $29.3 million or 1.5% of sales compared to adjusted operating income of $143.3 million or 7.6% of sales in the prior year quarter. Consolidated operating income decreased due to unfavorable price cost dynamics and increased manufacturing costs due in part to component shortages and labor challenges, offset in part by improved mix. Our consolidated price/cost headwind in the quarter came in higher than prior expectations at approximately $125 million, which impacted adjusted earnings per share by approximately $1.40. Adjusted EPS for the quarter was $0.24 compared to adjusted EPS of $1.48 in the prior year quarter. During the quarter, we amended and extended our credit agreement to March 2027. In conjunction with the extension, we repaid our outstanding term loan with a balance of $225 million at December 31, 2021, and increased our revolver availability from $850 million to $1.1 billion. We repurchased approximately 751,000 shares of common stock for a total cost of $85 million during the quarter. Please turn to Slide 9 for a discussion of our expectations for 2022. Companies around the globe are facing more challenges in 2022 than previously expected just a quarter ago. The most notable change…

While we're facing short-term challenges with global events that have emerged over the past quarter, the market dynamics in all of our businesses remain strong. We have market-leading innovative products, and we are demonstrating leadership in this highly inflationary environment. We remain confident that the actions we are taking will enable us to return to stronger margins in the back half of the year and into next year. We are excited to see many of you next Friday at our Investor Day at the New York Stock Exchange. We are going to share our out-year targets for sales and earnings as well as key growth drivers in our businesses. You will also have the opportunity to meet the newest addition of our leadership team, Jay Iyengar, who serves as our Chief Technology Officer and Chief Source Strategic Sourcing Officer. She will be sharing many of the exciting new technologies that we're developing. Okay, Pat, back to you.

Thanks, John. I would like to remind everyone to limit their questions to one plus a follow-up and we need to be disciplined on the follow-up question please. After the follow-up we ask that you get back in queue and if you like to ask additional questions please do so. Operator, please begin the question-and-answer period of this call.

Thank you. [Operator Instructions]. Our first question comes from the line of Steven Fisher with UBS. Please proceed with your questions.

Thanks very much and good morning. Just within the low to mid-single-digit margin outlook that you have for the second quarter, can you just give us a little help on what the dispersion is there by segment, please?

Sure, I can take that. Again, it's -- we're going to see progression really in all the segments. I would say sort of a similar progression across the board so I don't -- one segment is not really standing out notably versus others, I'd say, maybe Access is a bit higher. And again, a lot of what's really driving that progression to the second quarter is the cost/price. It was $125 million in the first quarter, we expect that to be about $65 million in the second quarter as significantly more price comes online.

Okay. That's helpful. And I guess, just continuing on with the second quarter, it seems like you took most of the guidance reduction in the second quarter. I guess I'm curious at this point, how derisked do you think that second quarter is and I guess, kind of similarly for the second half, how much risk -- what do you see the biggest risk from here for that second half?

Sure. And I think it makes sense to just step back for a minute just on that progression because obviously, by your implied guidance, you can see that the second half, as we've been talking about for -- even back at the last earnings call is notably higher. So it's really the price/cost phenomenon and pricing is the story. So again, I just mentioned between the first and second quarter, we see about $190 million price/cost headwinds that was up versus our prior expectations. We have a lot more price coming online in the second quarter and then in the back half of the year, we're largely price/cost neutral. Now one of the things causing additional pressure, obviously, following the -- we all saw the commodity and component and freight markets go up following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, we saw some nice decreases leading up to that earlier in the quarter. But we took immediate action at Access and Commercial where we saw some of the higher inflation impact and that price is coming online fairly quickly. So even by -- as we exit the quarter, it's really solving for that additional inflation that we're seeing and that's why you see a notably different margin profile in the back half of the year. So it's really -- we see the price in backlog, the level of price increases we've implemented between 15% and 20% plus across our segments is really the big driver. And by the time we exit the second quarter, we're going to be realizing price at that level.

Thanks a lot.

Thanks Steve.

Our next question comes from the line of Tami Zakaria with J.P. Morgan. Please proceed with your questions.

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. So my first question is, what's the magnitude of pricing that you're taking for next year's 2022 orders for the Access Equipment segment, meaning, are you aiming for price cost neutrality for next year's orders or do you expect to recoup some of the margin loss this year?

Hey Tami, this is John. That's a great question. We have done a lot of pricing actions over the past year and as Mike just described, our second half gets materially better because we start to get that backlog at full price versus what we're doing now, which is clearing backlog at old price. So we have not yet fully opened 2023 yet for orders. We're actually having negotiations now in the Access Equipment segment, for example, on annual purchase agreements for 2023 and we have clauses that we've now put in place. We're starting to do business a little bit differently that give us in 2023 as we take orders, we'll take -- we're taking orders today at full price, we'll take orders for 2023 at full price, but we'll also have conditions that say, should there be further escalation in material costs, we'll have pricing escalators or the ability to reprice at the time of manufacturing and delivery. So we feel pretty good about what we're doing in 2023. And quite frankly, that's what we have to do because of the big backlogs that we have and the long lead times that we have right now. And so that's a little bit of a different way for us to operate, but it's the right way for us to operate.

Got it. Makes sense. And my follow-up is, I think it seems like your price/cost headwind expectation for the year is now an incremental $40 million to $50 million versus what it was last quarter. But then your operating profit guidance is lower by, call it, about $60 million to $70 million. So what is the delta, what line item is driving that delta between lower operating profit guidance and the incremental price/cost headwinds?

Sure. Yes, you're correct. The first and largest piece is the price/cost, and that's largely hitting the first half of the year, as you pointed out. The other large piece of that is manufacturing inefficiencies I mentioned in my prepared remarks, with the lumpy supply chains that is having an impact on manufacturing efficiencies, so that's really the other piece of it.

Got it. And that's also largely the first half. You don't expect manufacturing inefficiencies in the back half?

We do expect that supply chain moderates somewhat over the course of the year from a delivery perspective. But to be clear, we're not expecting it to be perfect by the end of the year. And our guidance does obviously accommodate a range of scenarios there.

Thanks Tami.

Got it, perfect. Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of David Raso with Evercore ISI. Please proceed with your questions.

Hi, thank you. Just curious, the backlog in Access is about $900 million more than the rest of the year implied Access sales. So obviously, its visibility into 2023 to some degree, if I'm doing that math right?

That's right, David, yes.

Can you give us some perspective on that $850-ish million of backlog that's already earmarked for 2023, a little more granularity on is that early conversations with majors, is it independents looking to get ahead, I'm just trying to get a sense of the demand where it's coming from for 2023, where they're willing to lock in business already, if you can give…?

Yes. David, as I said before, we haven't fully opened our 2023 order book yet, but we have completed some purchase agreements for 2023 with some of our customers. It's -- I can't back up my head, it is a mix of IRCs and a couple of larger nationals. But those are reflective of those purchase agreements that we've concluded that are in the backlog.

And anything unique about the mix from aerials, big booms versus scissors or teles, any color on that, I'm just curious on the mix?

From a mix perspective, what we're seeing is continued robustness in all the categories, and that really aligns with the fleet ages. Really all the categories are quite aged to really record levels at this point.

So the follow-up then on the margins in the back half of this year for Access feel like they're kind of north of 12% or so, assuming kind of mid-single-ish, a little better for the June quarter. And I'm just trying to think about that as you think about 2023, and I guess you hinted at this, we'll get some color next Friday on how you're thinking about Access margins, can you give us any perspective and I'm not asking for 2023 guidance, but you're going to touch bigger picture views of Access profitability at the meeting. Can you give us any perspective of how to think about that 12% plus in the back half of the year and how that might lead our thoughts on 2023? Thank you.

I would just say overall, with margins for Access, obviously, as we've talked about, a lot of the price cost dynamics we've had in Access, and we have a lot more price coming online. And as we've talked about a lot over the last several quarters, we're taking the right actions to get our margins back to what we expect and we believe we're well on the path to do that. Obviously, it's been a unique set of circumstances over the last year or so, but we believe we're well on track to get back to those normal margins in Access.

David, I think what you see in the back half of 2022 is indicative of what we will do in 2023.

Okay helpful. Thank you so much.

Thanks.

Our next question comes from the line of Jamie Cook with Credit Suisse. Please proceed with your questions.

Hi, good morning. I guess just my first question on defense, understanding the puts and takes of what you said about margins for 2022, but they're sort of below where we had would have hoped. I'm just thinking defense margins until the Postal Service award starts to kick in, in the back half of the year, is that how we should think about margin. So that headwind sort of continues into 2023 or is there any reason to be more optimistic there? And then my other question or follow-up question is, it's nice to see you guys are putting the surcharges out there. I mean I think you said April is when you announced them. Did you see any deterioration in orders after the surcharge or maybe perhaps a pre-buy ahead of the announced surcharge which led to above average orders in the quarter? Thanks.

Sure. I'll start with the first one on defense margins, and John can talk a bit about the surcharges. So in quarter, we had -- so with the Ukraine invasion by Russia with commodities going up with our accounting method, basically, you have to look out and the inflation environment is now viewed to be a bit more sustained. And what that does is you have to look out in those contracts and calculate your estimate and complete that cost, the cumulative catch-up adjustment were about 75% delivered on the majority of our contracts. So you have a catch up all at once. I think as John and I said in our prepared remarks, we don't expect that our program margins are notably lower going forward because of that. Actually, defense has done a nice job managing it. It really goes back to -- you really need to look at defense margins over time. So I would expect that generally from a cumulative catch-up perspective, that's not necessarily a headwind that were -- that in our base expectations for the rest of the year that we're expecting. So I would expect stronger margins through the remainder of the year. You are correct. We do expect that margins in general are going to -- if you look at sort of our guide, our initial guide for the year, sort of hovering at the high single-digits until our new programs start ramping up, that's where we're going to see growth return in the defense segment with NGDV as well as MCWS and some other adjacent programs. So -- and that begins late 2023.

Yes. And Jamie I'll add to that, Jamie. I'll just emphasize, defense is a growth segment for us. Now it doesn't feel like that in 2022, but we've been talking for a long time, knowing what the Presidential budgets for the 2022 would be a low year for tactical wheeled vehicles. As Mike said, we get into 2023, we start to bring programs online like the Striker program, like the United States Postal Services, big programs. This drives long-term growth in both revenue and earnings. So that's great for our business. Just a quick comment on surcharges that you talked about, we didn't see any material pull forward because of surcharges, and we also did not see any material slowdown in order rates because of our pricing and our surcharges. Our order rates have been strong. The only reason you might have seen a little bit of slowing in the first quarter of this year versus the comparable quarter a year ago is because we haven't fully opened 2023 yet, and we're working on all those annual purchase agreements now. So order rates have been strong even at full pricing and even at surcharges. And we don't like to do surcharges. It's based on the realities of what's in the logistics environment today. And that's why we have to do it. But the business is strong.

Okay, thank you.

Thanks Jamie.

Our next question comes from the line of Stephen Volkmann with Jefferies. Please proceed with your questions.

Hi, good morning everybody. Thanks for taking the questions. I want to go back, John to the surcharge. It sounds like kind of a difference in the way you guys are doing business, which makes sense in an inflationary environment. But are you essentially like for the second half are you basically able now to sort of cover whatever happens on the cost side with surcharges kind of in real time or is there still a lag or is there maybe a percentage of the business that surcharges don't touch, I'm just trying to get a sense of kind of how protected you are in the second half as things change?

Sure, I can actually take that one. The -- so the surcharges kick on fairly quickly in the second quarter. There's, of course, a little bit of lag in some circumstances, but not significant. So we're really realizing all the price in the back half of the year and really without exception. Obviously, we're going to continue -- these are times where things are moving rapidly. So we're continuing to watch leading experts, projections on commodities, we're watching what costs we're incurring, and so on. And that's -- we're going to definitely remain agile and if we need to take further action, we're certainly going to do so.

Okay, great. And then probably the second half of that question is just on the cost side. Are you locked in essentially for kind of 2022 costs now or are those still pretty variable depending on market conditions?

For steel and aluminum, we're locked to a particularly hot-rolled coil steel. We had talked about on previous calls were locked of just north of 50% on those. Obviously, that -- as we get through the year, you have more and more visibility to that other piece. Obviously, with the volatility of the futures market is not great right now for doing additional locks on that aspect of it. And certainly, freight has been the one that's been particularly volatile, really following the fuel prices going up following the invasion. But again, it's something that we're just going to continue to monitor, and we're going to act quickly as we see changes.

Great, thank you.

Thanks Steve.

Our next question comes from the line of Jerry Revich with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your questions.

Yeah, hi. Good morning everyone. I'm wondering if you could just talk about on the Postal Service contract. Do you have pass-through on commodity setup given the inflation we've seen and battery costs in particular, I'm wondering how should we think about your commodity exposure on that contract and if you can comment on which contract drove the majority of the cumulative catch-up adjustment this quarter in defense as well? Thanks.

So I'll start with the Postal Service contract. The Postal Service contract, we're relatively well protected on this contract. There's two things to talk about. Number one, there's an economic adjustment in the contract, which helps protect us for a significant amount of inflation. But the other side of it is we've got long-term agreements with a lot of our suppliers. Now there's not long-term agreements on everything, so there's a little bit of exposure as you look to our supply base proposal. But there's also a lot of protection in it with agreements that we have with our supply base. So we feel pretty good about where we are with the postal contract. I'll let Mike comment on the cumulative catch-up adjustments.

Sure. On the cumulative catch-up adjustment, it's really on the Major Tactical Vehicle Programs really in proportion to the size of those programs. Again, it was -- as you look at the components and just in anticipation of extended time horizon for the inflation we are seeing it caused it. But it's fairly pro rata across the programs.

Okay. Great. And then given the move higher in cost in the first half of the year, I'm wondering if you could just comment on, is that a function of suppliers declaring force majeure and setting up new prices to you folks or is that having to be flexible going into second and third-tier suppliers at spot, can you just talk about the drivers of the near-term volatility given the factors you mentioned earlier in the call? Thanks.

Sure. I would say freight is definitely a big piece of it, and that's obviously that freight generally happens a bit more real time. So that's a piece of it. But obviously, a lot of movement in suppliers just in general with -- and particularly with commodities escalating following the world events. The other thing we're obviously watching very closely to is just the lockdowns in China as well. Obviously, that could have some impacts on supply chain but in general, we're -- it's really a combination of factors that are driving it.

Yes. And just to add a little bit of color on that, Jerry. I have mentioned, I think, in my opening remarks, we felt pretty good when we were in the early part of Q1 in January with -- as Mike mentioned earlier, we use an aggregate of forecast for commodities and material cost inflation. And then as we said, a couple of major events have happened with the Ukraine and with China's COVID situation, which has changed those forecasts, which is essentially what put us into the position to see some new cost escalation. It has happened both at the commodity level, but also we have a lot of very strong suppliers, and they've seen the same thing, and they have come with some accelerated price increases, which has also caused us to adjust some of those forecasts. So it's -- and then there's the freight side, which Mike talked about. I mean it's all those things changed dramatically in the middle to the end of the quarter.

Right, right.

Thanks Jerry.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Chad Dillard with Bernstein. Please proceed with your questions.

Hi, good morning guys. So in your revised guidance, I just want to understand what you're assuming about the supply chain, just like the slope of the improvement? And then also, if you can quantify the manufacturing cost absorption that you're seeing year-on-year? And then just lastly, I just want to confirm whether the surcharge, does that include airfreight as well?

It includes all things related. Yes, so for the -- so that was -- I guess, sorry, now I just lost my trick.

Supply chain.

Yes, supply chain. From a moderation standpoint, we're expecting it to moderate gradually over the course of the year. But back to -- I even believe comments last quarter, we're expecting that it does not need to be -- we don't expect it to be necessarily perfect by the end of the year. So it improves -- it expects some moderation, but not back to maybe fully traditional, what we've traditionally seen.

Yes. Again, it's based on that aggregate of third-party forecast. And we believe that -- we believe it's relatively conservative.

Yes.

Now as we talked about it deteriorated in the middle of the quarter due to some of these external events, but it's not expecting any miracles to happen. It's a relatively conservative outlook on where things should expect to be.

Got it. Okay. And I was hoping also if you could break down your Access outlook by geography just in terms of how you're thinking about revenue growth expectations for the year?

I would say generally similar to what we saw in the first quarter, North America is the strongest, but we're seeing Europe as relatively robust as well. China, obviously, with the COVID lockdown and so on that's probably under a bit more pressure. So I guess that's how I'd characterize the majority -- the most meaningful growth is really coming from North America.

Yes. And the Access Equipment market in general is very strong. I want to emphasize, we see -- continue to see, and it's reflected in our backlog and our strong order rates, multiyear growth segment, a growth ahead of us. And it's driven by fundamentals. It's driven by the aging of equipment, which we know the data of it's the most aged we've ever seen the boom market, for example. Used prices are really high. Nonresidential construction forecasts are pretty good in terms of the growth of that. That's a key indicator for Access Equipment. We're also seeing continued increases in applications for the equipment. So there's even a need for fleet growth. And all of this is leading to strong growth of the segment for several years into the future. We're also seeing that phenomenon unfold in Europe, where we're starting to see an aged fleet in Europe, and we expect that to continue to push up demand. So a lot of positive things about the Access Equipment market on the horizon.

Thank you.

Thanks Chad.

Our next question comes from the line of Mike Shlisky with D.A. Davidson. Please proceed with your questions.

Hey, good morning guys. Can you maybe just talk about the backlog in the quarter in the defense segment. I was curious whether the entire NGDV order was put into that backlog and whether any major chunks in other programs where there as well? If you back out the entire NGDV program, perhaps backlogs were down a bit from the prior quarters. I just want to get a little bit color about what how bigger parts were?

Okay. Good question. I just want to clarify, Mike. So the order that we received was the first order for U.S. Postal Service. It's about $3 billion. That went into the backlog. But that's not the entire program. That's the first order for the program. I just want to make sure that was clear. So that's in the backlog. That's the primary driver of that defense backlog change. Yes. And I would say just in terms of the other items in backlog, with tactical wheeled vehicle budgets ebbing and flowing they're down a bit, that obviously does put some downward pressure on backlogs for those programs. And those -- the backlogs on the tactical wheeled vehicles really varies based on -- we're still extended well out beyond this year from a backlog perspective. So we still have good visibility. So a lot of that, again, just comes down to the timing of those tactical wheeled vehicle orders.

Got it. I also wanted to ask separately in commercial about concrete versus refuse. It looks like concrete didn't have a great quarter this past quarter. I mean both of those models -- both of those products do use commercial chassis. So just give us an outlook and some color as to how concrete might progress through the year to 2023 here?

Yes, I'll take that. The commercial business, the backlog is strong. It's the strongest we've seen in a long time, and it's across both the refuse and the concrete markets. The reason you saw the concrete was a little bit subdued in the quarter was purely because of supply chain and our ability to produce based upon what we could get. Now some of that's chassis and sometimes it's control modules and electronic units, we can't get. So it's a number of things. Chassis are probably the headline. But both of those businesses have good backlogs and good order rates and are running strong. It's purely back to what we've been talking about earlier, supply chain constraining our ability to ship units.

Okay, thanks so much.

Our next question comes from the line of Mic Dobre with Baird. Please proceed with your questions.

Thank you, good morning. Just going back to Access, I guess a couple of questions. You mentioned that you're using escalators as far as pricing goes into 2023. And I'm sort of curious if that essentially cuts both ways, right, in terms of both commodity inflation, but potentially exposing you to lower input costs as well as far as your pricing goes? And then related to this, I think I heard you say that right now you're looking at price increases of 15% to 20%, and I'm presuming that, that applies to Access Equipment as well. Your customers, how are they sort of taking these kinds of pricing increases, is there any sort of pushback, especially from your larger customers when it comes to seeing this kind of move in price?

Yes, I'll answer the price side of that, Mic. Nobody likes the environment that we're in. Everybody is dealing with it in every industry that there is. And we try to be very, very transparent with our customers and of course, very fair. We don't like to have to increase price, but it's the realities of the climate that we're in. And so ultimately, our customers understand why we're doing what we're doing. Our prices have been sticky. We have not had issues with our order rates dropping or getting big cancellations because we've got price increases. That has not been the case. Our order rates continue to be strong at full price. And that's what I'd say, but I can't be any more clearer than that on.

Any comments on the escalator?

Yes. If commodity costs are coming down in 2023, that's good news. That's all I'll say about it. We'll have a lot better ability to drive the -- continue to drive the margins that we expect, which we'll see in the second half of the year if we've got a situation where we're seeing a lot of costs coming down. That's all I'll say about that.

Right. But I'm sorry to press you on this, there's a difference between a price increase and an escalator. An escalator would imply to me that things move both ways. And I'm just trying to understand how you're setting up your contracts, just to be clear?

Well, I'll be as basic as I can about it. It gives us the right based upon from the time we took the original order until the time that we ship. If there's a material shift in material cost, we can reprice the product. That's what we have negotiated for 2023 orders that we're taking now.

Okay. And then lastly, on defense. I'm curious if you're able to tell us from what's already in the backlog from the USPS, how much of that gets delivered into 2023 and we talked a little bit about margins and you talked about some of these contract adjustments. As we look into 2023, is it fair to assume that margins can start normalizing towards that double-digit run rate that we are kind of seeing two or three years ago or is that too optimistic at this point?

Just in terms of the Postal Service deliveries, we're really talking about the back half of the year. So it's not going to be a material portion of revenue yet in 2023. You're going to start seeing a much more meaningful ramp in 2024 and beyond. So I think that's just sort of a baseline. In terms of the margins, once we -- when we have a cumulative catch-up adjustment, we have it sort of resets our baseline of what we expect margins going forward. So ultimately, things that could change it is if commodities come down faster, that type of thing, that's where you could see some higher margins. But again, because there's an unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustment, that's not reflective of the program margins in the quarter that we delivered. It's -- our margins on the program, as I said in my prepared remarks, are only modestly different. But again, with -- if you're estimating this large contract, your estimate at complete and you have some inflation and you change that assumption, you can have a bigger impact in a single quarter. So again, we do not expect defense margins going forward to be meaningfully different than what we've seen over the last year or so in quarters where we didn't have the cumulative catch-up adjustments.

Thanks Mic.

Alright, thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Nicole DeBlase with Deutsche Bank. Please proceed with your questions.

Yeah, thanks guys. Thanks for squeezing me in here. Good morning. Can we just maybe talk a little bit about -- I hate to beat a dead horse here, there has been a lot of questions about the surcharge and price/cost. But like is what you're doing consistent with what you're seeing with peers in the industry, like is this -- like has everyone started instituting surcharges, like what are you seeing from a competitive perspective on pricing?

Well, what I can say about competitive pricing is just very, very general. All of our competitors are, of course, increasing prices. They're at same -- they're in the same climate that we're in. And that's regardless of segment that we operate in. I'm not going to go into who's doing pricing and who's doing surcharges. We try to analyze our business based upon the realities of what we are seeing. And particularly recently with the surcharges, it's all related to logistics and freight. And there's been a lot of disruption that continues to happen with freight, which is causing cost to continue to go way up. And so our analysis told us that surcharge is the best way to deal with it. But all of our competitors are doing something, and I'll leave it at that.

Okay. That's helpful, thank you. And then there's been a lot of discussion on Access and Defense on this call. But just maybe one on Fire & Emergency. I think the margins came in a little bit weaker than expected in the first quarter. Just -- I know you guys have embedded a path back to double-digit margins there. Is it just price/cost in that segment, or are there any other major factors that we should be thinking about?

There's some price cost, but I'd say it's much -- it's less than relatively speaking than like Access and Commercial as a percentage of their business or their revenues. The other piece there is, we did, as John mentioned and I mentioned in my prepared remarks, we did see some higher part shortage levels there. And obviously, there's a lot of parts that go into fire trucks. So that -- it's really those part shortages driving some labor inefficiencies in the quarter. Again, supply chains over time are going to stabilize. So it's not a long-term concern for us. We'll -- we expect to some normalcy to continue to return throughout the year. And that will drive the margin improvements that are implied in our guidance.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Courtney Yakavonis with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your questions.

Hi, good morning guys. Just wanted to go back to the change in the revenue guidance for Access. I think you mentioned obviously that you'd put the surcharges in, but you mentioned a couple of times that output has been limited by supply chain disruption. So I just wanted to confirm whether you are expecting reduced volume output versus your original guidance or if all of the increase is just same volume and upside just via pricing? And then, I guess, same question on some of the other segments that we didn't see guidance change. But you did mention that you're taking pricing there was it just too marginal to change guidance on the top line?

Yeah, first of all in Access, volume is pretty similar, maybe some small mix change in there, but the biggest thing is the surcharge revenue driving that change. So volume assumption is largely unchanged. And yes, with the other business, our non-defense businesses, I would say, there's additional revenue coming online for commercial, in particular, with their surcharges but it's sort of within the rounding range of our guidance. So within that, there's a bit of a pickup there, but it's less meaningful than Access.

Okay, great, thanks. And then I know there were some comments earlier about the USPS contract. But now that you have some clarity on the BEV versus ICE, just curious if there's a significant margin discrepancy between those two platforms and especially on the sales side as well, could there be a difference in how we'd be modeling that?

Yes. The best way to think about the ICE versus the BEV margin is that BEV is higher technology. There is a little bit more cost in the BEV unit. A BEV unit has a higher price point, and therefore, the margin dollars are higher than an ICE unit. So that's what I'll say about it. They drive higher margin dollars and higher price points.

Okay, got you. Thanks.

We have reached the end of our allotted time for questions. I would now like to turn the floor back over to management for closing comments.

Thank you. We talk a lot about the fact that we're facing short-term challenges with global events that have emerged over the past quarter. We've also talked about the market dynamics in all of our businesses and that they remain really strong. We have market-leading innovative products, and we are certainly demonstrating leadership in this tough environment. We are confident that the actions we're taking will enable us to return to stronger margins in the back half of the year and most importantly, in the next year and beyond. We are very, very excited by the way about next Friday for our Investor Day at the New York Stock Exchange. We hope to see many of you there. We're going to share our out-year targets for sales and earnings and key growth drivers in our business, and we look very much look forward to doing that and appreciate your time and attention today. Thank you.

Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation, and have a wonderful day.