Nucor Corporation (NUE) Q4 2025 Earnings Report, Transcript and Summary

Good morning, and welcome to Nucor's Fourth Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] And today's call is being recorded. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to introduce Chris Jacobi, Director of Investor Relations. You may begin your call.

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Nucor's Fourth Quarter Earnings Review and Business Update. Leading our call today is Leon Topalian, Chair and CEO; along with Steve Laxton, President, COO and CFO. Other members of Nucor's executive team are also here with us today and may participate during the Q&A portion of the call. Yesterday, we posted our fourth quarter earnings release and investor presentation to Nucor's IR website. We encourage you to access these materials as we will cover portions of them during the call. Today's discussion will include the use of non-GAAP financial measures and forward-looking information within the meaning of securities laws. Actual results may be different than forward-looking statements and involve risks outlined in our safe harbor statement and disclosed in Nucor's SEC filings. The appendix of today's presentation includes supplemental information and disclosures, along with a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures. So with that, let's turn the call over to Leon.

Thanks, Chris, and welcome, everyone. For as long as I've been Nucor's CEO, we have opened our earnings calls by recognizing our safety performance, and I am pleased to continue that tradition again. In 2025, our team achieved the lowest injury and illness rate in our history, marking the eighth consecutive year of improvement. And we finished the year with incredible momentum as the final 2 months of the year were the safest 2 months we have ever recorded. These milestones have occurred during a period of significant growth and transformation for Nucor, and I am extremely proud of how our team continues to prioritize safety in everything we do. However, as we pursue our goal of becoming the world's safest steel company, our safety journey will not be complete until we operate injury-free every day. Before I comment on our results, I would like to briefly address the management changes we announced at the end of last year. Effective January 1, Steve Laxton was promoted to President and Chief Operating Officer. Throughout his 23 years at Nucor, Steve has demonstrated strong leadership and has played an important role in shaping our growth strategy. In this expanded role, he will have an even greater impact on the company's future. Steve will also continue to serve as CFO until a successor is named. Congratulations, Steve. I would also like to acknowledge the many contributions of Dave Sumoski. Dave has served as our Chief Operating Officer since 2021 and will retire in June after more than 30 years at Nucor. Over that time, Dave has been a trusted leader, and his deep operational expertise and strong commitment to advancing our safety culture have made a lasting impact on the company. He will be missed by all of us when he begins a well-deserved retirement in June. On behalf of our teammates across Nucor, we wish Dave and his family all the best. Turning to our financial performance. We delivered adjusted earnings of $1.73 per share in the fourth quarter and $7.71 per share for the full year. EBITDA totaled $918 million for the quarter and approximately $4.2 billion for the year. We remain committed to balancing long-term growth with meaningful shareholder returns while maintaining the strongest credit profile in our industry. For 2025, we reinvested $3.4 billion into the company, with the majority of that capital going to projects that were completed in 2025 or will be completed later this year, returned $1.2 billion to shareholders through dividends and share buybacks, representing approximately 70% of net earnings and finished the year with $2.7 billion in cash, providing ample liquidity to support the business and finance our growth objectives. We begin 2026 with real momentum built on years of hard work, disciplined investment and a relentless commitment to Grow the Core, Expand Beyond and Live Our Culture. Since 2019, we have strengthened our steel mills segment through 15 major projects across our sheet, bar and plate groups. These investments have enhanced our capabilities while shifting our product mix toward higher-margin products that address growing customer needs in key markets. We have also expanded our steel products portfolio by delivering more comprehensive customer solutions and adding steel adjacent businesses supported by strong secular demand trends. The progress we made in 2025 marked a meaningful inflection point as a number of projects transitioned from the construction phase to the ramp-up phase. Major projects completed include our new rebar micro-mill in Lexington, North Carolina, a new melt shop at our bar mill in Kingman, Arizona, a new Nucor Towers & Structures facility in Alabama and new galvanizing and prepaint lines at our Crawfordsville sheet mill in Indiana. All of these projects are on track to be fully ramped up and operating at positive EBITDA run rates within the year. Our growth strategy has never been about simply getting bigger. It's about generating more value for our customers, shareholders and teammates. Even as we've executed on these growth projects, we've also taken deliberate steps to realign our asset base and improve our cost structure by restructuring operations and repurposing facilities to better serve fast-growing end markets. For example, we converted 2 existing steel products facilities to support our Nucor Data Systems business as it supplies the rapidly expanding data center market. This demonstrates a core strength of Nucor. With the broadest range of capabilities in the North American steel industry, we are uniquely positioned to capitalize on new opportunities wherever they emerge. Turning to 2026. Several remaining projects will reach completion this year, and our teams are focused on bringing them online safely, on time and on budget. Within the sheet group, we are on schedule to complete construction of our new mill in West Virginia by year-end. Once online, this mill will begin supplying some of the cleanest and most advanced sheet steel in North America, serving automotive, construction and industrial customers. We will also start up the new galvanizing line at our Berkeley County mill with commissioning planned for mid-2026. Within towers and structures, construction continues on our greenfield utility pole production facility in Indiana, which is expected to begin full operations in the second quarter. Our third greenfield project in Utah remains on track for completion in 2027. When these facilities are fully online, we will operate 4 highly automated state-of-the-art production sites with national coverage in the high-growth utility transmission tower market. Since 2020, we have invested approximately $20 billion through CapEx and acquisitions to grow our core steelmaking capabilities and expand into downstream businesses while returning nearly $14 billion of capital to shareholders and improving our credit profile. With the majority of our recent investments largely complete, I'm confident it sets up Nucor to enter its next phase of growth from a position of strength, focused on disciplined capital allocation while driving long-term value for our shareholders. Moving to trade policy, vigorous enforcement of our trade remedy laws and the full reinstatement of the Section 232 steel tariffs without exemptions last year have helped drive down steel imports. Foreign import share of the U.S. finished steel market has dropped from approximately 25% at this time last year to 16% in October and an estimated 14% in November. We expect imports will continue to trend at or below those levels in 2026 as the market absorbs the full impact of the Section 232 tariffs and recent trade case determinations. During 2025, the Department of Commerce and the International Trade Commission made important rulings regarding unfairly traded imports of corrosion-resistant steel and rebar. Together, the Section 232 tariffs and product-specific trade cases provide vital defenses against countries that seek to dump their steel into the U.S. market. We appreciate the efforts the federal government took in 2025 to level the playing field for the American steel industry. Looking ahead, the trade policy will remain a priority for our industry. The formal USMCA review beginning in July offers the opportunity to drive additional steel demand in North America, crack down on efforts to transship steel through Mexico and Canada and address steel subsidies provided by the Canadian government. We must also continue to implement common-sense policies like Buy America that incentivize the use of American-made steel for infrastructure, shipbuilding and defense. Turning to our expectations for 2026. We continue to see strength in many of our primary end markets, including infrastructure, data centers and energy and in energy infrastructure. We are also seeing healthy demand related to advanced manufacturing in the border fence. While those markets remain strong, we have yet to see much improvement from interest rate-sensitive markets like automotive and residential construction. In total, we expect domestic steel demand to be slightly up relative to 2025. And as I mentioned earlier, we expect the full impact of the Section 232 tariffs and recent trade determinations will lower levels of imported steel in 2026. Against this supply and demand backdrop, we entered the year with historically strong backlogs, up nearly 40% year-over-year in the steel mills segment and 15% in steel products. Within that, our structural group really stands out. The team set a record in the first quarter of 2025, and the structural backlog we are carrying into this year is more than 15% above that, reflecting sustained demand across key nonresidential and infrastructure markets. For the full year, we currently expect Nucor steel mill shipments to increase approximately 5% compared to 2025. With that, I will turn the call over to Steve to provide additional details on our fourth quarter and full year performance as well as our outlook for the first quarter. Steve?

Thank you, Leon, and thank you all for joining us on the call this morning. During the fourth quarter, Nucor generated adjusted net earnings of $400 million or $1.73 per share. For the full year, adjusted net earnings were approximately $1.8 billion or $7.71 per share. As noted in our earnings news release, adjusted fourth quarter earnings exclude $27 million or $0.09 per share of charges related to onetime noncash asset impairments, primarily related to discontinued operations that were recognized during the period. Full year results also exclude approximately $23 million or $0.10 per share of after-tax charges incurred in the first quarter, primarily related to closing or repurposing facilities in the steel products segment and ceasing production of wire rod at our Connecticut bar mills. Turning to the segment level results. For the fourth quarter, the steel mills segment generated $516 million of pretax earnings, down roughly 35% from the prior quarter. Shipment volumes declined 8%, reflecting seasonal effects, fewer shipping days in Nucor's fiscal fourth quarter and the impact of both planned and unplanned outages. While average realized pricing improved in our bar and structural groups, those gains were more than offset by lower pricing in our sheet and plate groups. This decline was expected as lagging sheet prices from the fall flowed through in the quarter. Sheet prices began to rise in November and December, with most of that benefit expected to be realized in the first quarter. Turning to steel products. We generated pretax earnings of $230 million, down from $319 million in the third quarter. Consistent with our steel mills segment, volumes declined sequentially across the steel products portfolio. Our rebar fabrication business accounted for roughly half of the quarter-over-quarter volume decline, in line with its typical seasonal volume trend. Turning to our raw materials segment. We generated pretax earnings of approximately $24 million compared to $43 million for the prior quarter, primarily reflecting the impact of 2 scheduled outages at our DRI facilities. As we continue to advance our long-term multiyear growth strategy, 2025 CapEx totaled approximately $3.4 billion. With several major projects reaching completion this past year, we will see a meaningful step down in capital spending for 2026. Our current estimate for 2026 CapEx is approximately $2.5 billion. Growth-oriented investments will represent roughly 2/3 of our planned spending with our West Virginia sheet mill remaining the largest single use of capital. Our growth efforts are also having a pronounced near-term impact on profitability. For 2025, pre-operating and start-up costs totaled $496 million. Looking ahead, we expect these costs to remain elevated in 2026 as several projects move beyond the start-up phase, offset by higher expenses associated with others, particularly bringing West Virginia online. Nucor remains committed to a balanced capital allocation framework anchored by 3 principles: maintaining a strong balance sheet, investing for value-creating growth and making meaningful direct returns to shareholders. In the past 3 years alone, Nucor has invested over $9.5 billion through capital spending and acquisitions. During that same period, Nucor returned over $6 billion to shareholders in dividends and share repurchases, an amount equal to roughly 73% of Nucor's net earnings during that time frame. Even with these historically sizable investments and returns, we have preserved low leverage and substantial liquidity, supporting our industry-leading A- and A3 credit ratings from all 3 major rating agencies. It is worth noting that in December, our Board approved an increase in the quarterly dividend to $0.56 per share, extending our record of paying and increasing our regular quarterly dividend for 53 consecutive years. Turning to our first quarter outlook. We expect higher consolidated earnings with improved results across all 3 operating segments. Shipment volumes should increase in each segment, supported by a healthy demand environment, typical positive seasonal trends and fewer outages relative to the fourth quarter. The steel mills segment is expected to drive the largest portion of the sequential earnings growth due to higher volumes and higher realized pricing. All product groups within this segment should see improved results with our sheet business contributing the most to the overall increase. In the steel products segment, we expect higher volumes and stable pricing. And in our raw materials segment, earnings are expected to improve modestly following the successful completion of planned DRI outages in the prior quarter. These gains will be partially offset by higher profit eliminations upon consolidation. Before we take questions, I'd like to spend a minute on what has long been both a source and evidence of Nucor's resilient and sustainable business model, our ability to generate free cash flow across a wide range of market conditions. Last year, Nucor had negative free cash flow, something that is very rare in our company's history. But this event was not a surprise. It was a measured and intentional result that was the product of advancing our aggressive growth initiatives and strategy. We prudently positioned the company with ample liquidity ahead of these expected results to afford the ability to maintain our growth and return commitments. With lower capital spending, incremental EBITDA from recently completed capital projects and improved market conditions as a backdrop, we expect Nucor to generate meaningfully higher free cash flow in the year ahead. We enter 2026 with healthy, favorably priced backlogs, supporting both higher shipments and better margins across most of our product lines, and we remain confident that with the broadest range of capabilities and solutions in the North American market, our driven and dedicated team is exceptionally well positioned to create value for our customers and shareholders. And with that, we'd like to hear from you and answer any questions you may have. Operator, please open the line for questions.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Lawson Winder from Bank of America.

Steve and Dave, I would say congratulations on your new adventures going forward. If I could ask about CapEx and look out to 2027. And by the way, thank you for the detailed guidance on 2026 CapEx. As we think of how falling CapEx might help support Nucor's unfolding free cash flow inflection, could you just speak to your current view on CapEx for 2027? And in particular, maybe address -- one would be the $950 million for West Virginia in 2026 and how that might be expected to follow on in 2027 with some additional CapEx. And then the breakdown in 2026 CapEx suggests non-expansionary and non-improvement CapEx of about $950 million. And I think we've talked about $600 million in the past. Like what is the latest thinking on sort of ongoing non-expansionary CapEx to kind of keep the business running?

Lawson, I'll kick this off and then ask Steve to provide a little bit of color as we think about CapEx flowing into 2027, but I do want to begin where you started in thanking Dave and Steve both for their commitment. Dave's 30 years with our company. And again, he and I started our careers together building Nucor Berkeley in the mid-90s, and we appreciate everything you've done. And on behalf of our 33,000 team members, Dave, thank you.

Thanks, Leon.

And look, Lawson, the other thing I'll also just mention briefly is 8 straight years of safety performance, that our team continues to just exemplify the value of safety and what it means to accept the challenge of becoming the world's safest steel company. It is something that gives me tremendous pride in all of us in Charlotte as they execute each and every day across all of our product groups to these start-ups, the enhancements, the build-outs, the new lines and greenfield operations. It's an incredibly exciting time for Nucor that positions us well for the long term. And as again, we move to the future, we do see a day in time where Nucor will go an entire year without a single injury to any of our team members. So we're going to continue to focus on that as our primary value as we drive all of our business results and again, thanking our team for that. Finally, the last comment I'll make specific to the CapEx. Look, when we began this journey in 2020, it was to make sure Nucor remained a growth company. We've invested heavily. We've taken meaningful steps. But against that backdrop, Lawson, one of the wonderful things then and now is we didn't have to pivot. We didn't have to change tack of where the company was headed or the direction. In fact, we were coming off some of the best years we've ever achieved as a company when we added the Expand Beyond portion of our growth strategy, and it remains the same today that we can be incredibly prudent and disciplined with how we think about spending our valuable shareholder capital to grow this company meaningful. Again, the culmination of West Virginia that will start up later this year will really absorb the majority of that CapEx as we move into 2027. But Steve, maybe provide some additional details?

Yes, sure. Lawson, just to kind of follow up on what Leon said there. West Virginia will be done at the end of this year, and that team is doing a fantastic job moving that project forward. Busy, as you could imagine, it's a big project. And in the past, we have guided figures of what we would call maintenance capital. But included in maintenance capital, I would put safety, environmental compliance and a certain amount of efficiency projects that are smaller in nature that don't necessarily add new capabilities to us. I would guide you to a figure closer to $800 million a year now for that just because of the inflation that we've seen in the last several years post-COVID and just the size of our company. We're larger now. So as you think about modeling out things beyond '27 and beyond, I'd guide you more toward an $800 million figure plus whatever projects are going on.

Fantastic. And I guess just a follow-up would be on those potential expansionary projects. It feels like you're quite satisfied with the long product business at this point with the step back from a potential Pacific Northwest expansion. Are there areas of the business that you might be able to highlight today as places where you actually might consider some expansionary capital beyond '26?

Yes. Look, Lawson, I think without getting very specific and completely not answering your question, I would just guide you to the things that you've seen and how we've looked for growth. And it's coming through the megatrends in our economy, things like data centers, energy, energy infrastructure. Obviously, the ability for us to pivot very quickly and handle the increase in the border wall has been a nice boom for our businesses across Nucor. But -- and finally, the towers and structures segments of our growth that we are tremendously excited about. Every one of those continues to provide a platform for additional growth. For example, in data centers today, Nucor supplies about 95% of the overall steel demand required for the entirety of a data center. And so again, we look for, okay, what's the next step? How can we continue to maximize our capability set and continue to enhance the growth profile for our shareholders? So we're looking for things that aren't high CapEx. We're looking for businesses that might be countercyclical to the steel industry and trends that we've been a part of for 6 decades. And then lastly, I think in the core side, it's how do we continue to invest for the long term that moves us up the value chain and higher-value products. And again, you're seeing that in our galvanizing lines in Crawfordsville and Nucor Berkeley, the 2 galvanizing lines that West Virginia is building. So again, we're thinking about how do we continue to grow and enhance our differentiated position that we have to supply our customers with products that they're going to need today and down the road.

Our next question will be from Timna Tanners from Wells Fargo.

I wanted to take a step back and recall your November 2022 Investor Day where you talked about through the cycle EBITDA at $6.7 billion. And if you could just refresh us on where we stand relative to that number, what it might take to get there considering the projects that you have. I know those were -- that number was assuming they are complete. But should we assume that, that could be the run rate in 2027 as you finalize some of these projects? Or any updated thoughts there, please?

Yes. A couple of thoughts. First, thank you for referencing that. For me, it was my first Investor Day as CEO. And again, Steve and his new role as Chief Operating Officer as well as CFO, at least for a short time until we announce his successor. Look, we're thinking hard about when the next Investor Day is, Timna, again, to provide an update against that backdrop. But look, it's something we spent a lot of time thinking through the investments we're making at that time. So look, to answer your question broadly, yes, I think you're thinking about it the right way as we culminate the West Virginia start-up and then bring that to its full ramp capabilities. At the same time, I would tell you, look, I'm an optimist, and I believe in the long-term growth strategy Nucor has had, but I also think we've reached a time in our economy where we've seen import levels, for example, I've never seen in my 30 years at Nucor. So we're poised today to capitalize on those trends as well as the opportunities. And again, I know your background and obviously, how well you understand sheet. The material decrease in the import levels on sheet alone are 4 million tons of consumption that the domestic supply chain gets to now contribute. It is a meaningful number. And so again, I don't know what the next administration brings, but certainly, as we look to '26 in the short-term horizon, may we see import levels staying or maybe even slightly coming down some more. So Steve, anything you'd add on the Investor Day or the EBITDA that we projected at that point?

No, not really. I think what I would be a little bit clear on, I think I heard you ask about is that good guidance for '27. And I want to hesitate to say that it's guidance for '27, the Investor Day materials, which you're familiar with, but others on the call may not be, was a mid-cycle guidance around -- after all projects at that time were completed, including West Virginia and the others. And just -- so I'd back off of that being a specific guide toward '27. All the points Leon made are solid and can be baked into your thinking around '27. But with respect to the ramp-up of West Virginia, that's a big complex mill. It's not going to be at its run rate of EBITDA in '27 among other projects, for example.

Okay. Appreciate that color. Along the lines of what Leon was talking about with the loss of imports, it does make sense that the domestic mills can take share. Can you just give us some thoughts on the spare capacity across your operations and what you might be able to do incrementally to take share from imports?

Yes. Look, again, I think overall, we're in a great position. We're roughly about 85% utilization across our sheet mills. That gives us opportunity to contribute into the spot market and as well as think about the long term. So again, with an import level overall ADC about 15%. It creates some unique opportunities that we have the room. We have the capability set in our mills and again, really creates a wonderful time for a ramp-up of a new facility in West Virginia. And so we see more opportunities there as well. I think the Northeast and Midwest corridors provide some unique geographic opportunities for Nucor. And again, I think from a cost position, that mill is going to provide a significant value for our shareholders.

Our next question comes from Bill Peterson from JPMorgan.

Again, congrats to Steve and Dave here. I wanted to follow up on the last question. You discussed shipments are -- your shipments are projected to increase by 5%, implying a higher share of U.S. market demand. I think you talked that there's some uplift you can see in utilization, you mentioned sheet. But I guess should demand support, is there upside to that 5% expectation? And what would drive that? Would that be more in your view, sheet, plate or I guess, bar considering that you have Lexington and Kingman coming online?

Well, yes, Bill, look, do I think it's sustainable? 100%. If you look at our backlogs, again, they're up 40% year-over-year in the steel group, 15% or 16% in our products group. In many of our product groups today, they are record-setting backlogs. I think maybe the -- our earnings call in Q3 and 4, I actually shared some volumes in our structural backlogs. And again, in my opening comments, they are record backlogs, and they are historic backlogs for what we've seen, and it's a market and an end-use customer in our nonres and industrial sectors that we know incredibly well. So when I'm talking to our customers and our customers' customers, the demand picture is robust, and it's very optimistic for 2026. We believe that the 5% is not only an achievable number, but the demand profile is going to create some uplift for virtually every product group. Finally, I'd tell you that as you look, it's a commodity across the board. We've -- it's a supply and demand environment. It's not tariffs or a single thing that's driving pricing, but the pricing that Nucor has realized that were announced in Q4 hits almost every product group, sheet, plate, bar, beam and many of the product group segments themselves that are all seeing that stick. So look, I think we're entering what should be a better year in 2026. We're very optimistic. And again, we -- the timing of our start-ups in several of the expand businesses and core are coming at a perfect time in a demand environment that's peaking in energy, infrastructure, nonres, border fence, energy infrastructure, towers and structures, and yes, I think positions Nucor incredibly well.

I wanted to follow up on your comments around trade policy with your expectations that the tariffs are going to continue without exemptions. So is that kind of a statement on 2026? I guess, are you expecting that to be durable beyond? I'm also trying to get a sense for the risk of lower tariff rates and/or quotas. Maybe these are on the table for the upcoming USMCA negotiations. And maybe what is Nucor lobbying for or positioning for? I guess bottom line is, are you supportive of lower rates for Mexico and Canada if they have equally high steel tariffs to other regions in order -- basically in order to mitigate transshipments? Any sort of specifics on your expectations around trade policy would be helpful.

Yes, Bill, I'll touch on it. And look, let me begin with the end in mind. What Nucor is most in favor of is banning illegally dumped subsidized imported steel to come in and ravage the shores of the U.S. economy period, full stop. How we do that, how that's affected? Obviously, it matters greatly. And if you would ask me and you did a year ago, hey, did I think our trade agreement with USMCA as we reinstituted or Trump reinstituted the 232 tariffs would be resolved very quickly. I would have told you, absolutely, I believe that would have been resolved very quickly. But here we are a year later, still that not done. And then again, July, the renegotiations come up. But the reality is I can't tell you, does that end up with a trilateral agreement, a bilateral agreement and again, the one-offs on what this current administration is going to do. What I can tell you is what we've seen out of Commerce and USTR is a very supportive trade environment that's pro-America and pro-U.S. manufacturing. So what would we like to see ultimately? Manage strength in the rules of origin, continued enforcement of the 232 policies that are already on the books, the enforcement of them. That's why we've been such staunch supporters of the Level the Playing Field Act 2.0 (sic) [ Leveling the Playing Field 2.0 Act ] and still think that needs to pass. But look, I think as we look to the second half of President Trump's administration, you will see a continuation of those pro-America first trade policies and remedies.

Our next question comes from Phil Gibbs from KeyBanc.

On West Virginia specifically, can you just update all of us on some of the new products and end market capabilities that, that mill may give you relative to the current fleet of assets that you have right now on the sheet side, just to kind of go back over the investment case and why you're making the move here? And yes, that's effectively the question. Just kind of want a refresher in terms of what it brings because I know it's a different mill relative to what you currently have.

Yes. Look, Phil, I appreciate the question. I'll kick it off and then ask Noah Hanners to actually give you the specifics of that capability because it's going to be very unique for Nucor. But if we step back to the macro question you asked about why, look, it's the right opportunity. If you look at Nucor's market share in the largest sheet consuming region in the U.S., it's about 15% or 16%. So we have a huge opportunity to grow in that space against what we believe is some competitors that we have ample opportunity to continue to provide a better differentiated value proposition in that market. So the geography of West Virginia, coupled with the state in the Mason County, West Virginia, the people of that state fuels what we believe is going to be an unprecedented growth for us and a capability set unlike anything Nucor has brought to bear in the market. So we couldn't be more excited about the geographic, the technical and again, the people side of the state of West Virginia. They've been an amazing group to work with. We couldn't be prouder of the team we've hired, the work that's being done there. But Noah, why don't you touch on some of the capability sets in the mill.

Yes. Maybe just to add a little bit more detail to Leon's excitement there. One, we feel great about the strategy to get into higher value-added products. And specifically at West Virginia, that's about 1/3 of that production going into the automotive market. And some of those grades, the quality of the production there will be into exposed automotive, an area where EAF production really hasn't played broadly before in the U.S., and we're really excited about the capability to get there mostly because of the demand we hear from customers. We've recently gotten qualified on exposed automotive through another route to our mills, and that will really open the door for us to expand our business into the highest quality automotive production. The other point I'd highlight is in the consumer durables. We haven't had great market share there with especially items like appliances. And Leon hit the regionality of this, but we see some pretty substantial growth in demand through some reshoring projects that are being built in that region. So probably those are the 2 areas that I'd highlight for you, 1 million tons of galvanizing is going to play really well with that. We're going to have the capabilities to match what is really robust growth in demand for us.

And do you have any carryover CapEx from these major projects like West Virginia into 2027, Steve? I know you talked about $800 million maintenance plus whatever growth you have, and you always have some sort of growth element. But anything left on West Virginia or these other major projects in '27?

Yes, there'll be a small amount, Phil. That's very normal for us to have some carryover between calendar years. We'll update you more on the outlook in '27 as we get toward the end of '26. So I'd love it if that team beats every time and we don't do that, but that's been the historic pattern year on.

And then if I could sneak one more in just on kind of just a modeling question, high-level question, just because I don't have it in my model. Do you guys have an idea what mill utilizations were for Nucor in general in 2025?

Yes, we do. As I think about our major product groups, somewhere in that 82%, 84% range is about the right utilization, Phil.

Our next question comes from Katja Jancic from BMO Capital Markets.

I think earlier, you talked about beyond the current project pipeline, you would be looking at growth opportunities that would be less capital intensive. In the future, could you talk -- or could you provide a little more color on what the, let's say, annual growth CapEx could potentially be in a more normalized environment without these major projects?

Well, Katja, yes, I appreciate the question, and I'll probably have you back into the numbers because we're not going to exactly tell you the exact amount of dollars. What I would tell you is this, we are committed to a long-term investment-grade credit rating. We're committed to returning at least 40% of our net earnings back to our shareholders in dividends and share repurchases. And quite frankly, beyond that, I want to use the rest 60% for growth, period, full stop. So I want us to be using the money that Nucor is generating to continue to fuel our growth for the next 10, 12, 15, 20 years and beyond. And so that's how you can be thinking about it. We -- again, we provided some details in the 2022 Investor Day that we had. And so again, if you think of a through-cycle EBITDA of $7 billion, okay, everything that didn't go back to our shareholders is then going to be used for growth. So again, our M&A teams are working hard, and we're really looking really hard this year at, okay, how do we invest that, how do we grow -- continue to grow Nucor in meaningful ways. And I think you're going to see a shift from heavy core investments to heavy adjacencies or what we call the Expand Beyond investments over the next several years.

Maybe just a follow-up to your comment about M&A, can you talk a little bit more? I know you said adjacencies, are there specific products? Or how should we think about these type of businesses?

Yes, Katja, again, I shared a little bit earlier, but look, we've been fairly open with our investment filters and strategy in M&A and particularly adjacencies that they're going to have some steel centricity. There's going to be some connection to Nucor gaining and using and having the opportunity to have synergies. So it's something that's going to connect us to, for example, like C.H.I., with the overhead door businesses in Rytec and what a wonderful adder, where they've been a huge player in the residential space, a little less so in the commercial. Well, again, that's where we play in the commercial side. So our teams and our Buildings Group, our Nucor Warehouse Systems groups to be able to use and combine forces to be able to provide that, the hyperscalers and colocators in the data center. It provides a wonderful platform for us to continue to grow Nucor and as well that business footprint. So when you think about the megatrends in the U.S. today, energy, energy infrastructure, data centers, towers, structures, those are the areas you can be looking and expect that Nucor is searching really hard for those companies that would be additive and where we see synergies and value [ in creating EVA ] for our shareholders.

Our next question comes from Andrew Jones from UBS.

Just a few questions. First of all, on pricing. I'm just curious how you're looking at your pricing policy now given, obviously, we have on import parity, your traditional importers are probably getting sort of close to $1,000 on HRC, I would guess. But I guess if you're talking about like East Asia, they can probably land HRC in the U.S. at close to $800. So given that gap is now growing to import parity versus, say, some of these East Asian countries, like what stops those volumes starting to tick up in the coming months? And do you see that as a material risk? And does that hold you back from potentially lifting prices much further from here? How do you think about that in the context of changing trade flows? And I've got a second question, if you answer that first.

Yes, Andrew, I want to make sure I'm getting at the heart of your question. I think I understood what it is. But Steve, if I miss parts of that or -- jump in. But look, we had similar questions back in '21 and '22 when the U.S. economy was so hot and the world pricing was less, right? We saw spreads of HRC that were $200, $300 a ton or in some cases, in short points greater than that. And what's sustainable? And are you taking -- look, we are a commodity-driven business who values our shareholders and our customers a great deal. It is that bedrock that ultimately dictates pricing, not our wishes. It is what the demand profiles and supply chain is looking like in the U.S. And what I would tell you is that the separation today in the U.S. from the world market is for a good reason. Look at the demand profile against the backdrop of a really healthy and robust economy outside of just steel. You're seeing growth, reshoring, investments, nuclear energy, like just a number of facets that are creating this. So it's not a false narrative that it's the only reason pricing is up because President Trump put in place tariffs. That's not it at all. Shoot, it wasn't 5, 6 months ago, we saw HRC at $800 a ton. So it's not that. It's a much broader economic picture of strength of the U.S. and why every foreign investment wants to come and build here. It's why you saw -- and now what was the -- a U.S. company, now a Japanese company and U.S. Steel. It's not an American company today. It is a Japanese-owned company. And you're going to see continued investments from foreign companies that are looking to capitalize and come to the U.S. because of that strength. And so, look, the forecasted [ touch on ] pricing, look, I'm not going to try to predict. What I would tell you is based on what we're sharing with you our historic backlogs, volumes, the demand, the robustness that we see in this economy, again, I think '26 is shaping up to be a very, very solid year for Nucor.

Okay. That's clear. And then just on the CapEx, I mean, you sort of talked about it a bit already, but I guess the guide for '26 was lower than what the Street had in. And if there isn't substantial overspill into '27, it looks like the cost of some of those projects have come down despite obviously all the tariff risks. I mean, what do you attribute that to? I mean were you building in a lot of contingency that hasn't come to pass? Or like what's changed?

Andrew, this is Steve. In many regards, it's the -- you have to look at '25 coupled with '26. So if you're only looking at '26, it looks like maybe relative to what your estimate would have been that our forecast is lower. But we also -- we ended up spending $3.4 billion, which is a little bit more than a year ago on this call, we would have guided you closer to $3 billion for the spin. So our teams did an outstanding job advancing those projects. And we -- as Leon mentioned in his opening comments, we brought a number of projects online this year. So kudos to our team. They covered a lot of ground. We -- almost arbitrarily, there's a year-end stuck in there. But under the course of time, when you look at both of those 2 numbers together, it's in line. So it's not that there's been a reduction in cost. It's really just timing difference between the 2 periods.

Okay. That's clear. And just finally, on the M&A front, I mean, obviously, your peers have been pretty active. From the perspective of your market share, I mean, do you think that M&A would be possible for you on the actual upstream steel side of the market, given how large you are relative to others, obviously, with imports going down? I mean, do you have scope or interest in expanding in the upstream side? Or is it mainly just focused on some of those downstream areas you've alluded to?

Yes, Andrew, look, we are the largest steel producer in the Western Hemisphere. So yes, every M&A opportunity in our pipeline holds interest. And so where we think we can grow and do and move, we will absolutely do so. But make no mistake, Nucor is a steel company at its heart, and we will continue to grow through adjacencies and Expand Beyond, but it's the capabilities through our steel that fuel and fund all of that growth. And so yes, as those opportunities emerge, you can bet Nucor's looking hard and evaluating hard of how we think about growth in the core businesses.

Our next question comes from Tristan Gresser from BNP Paribas.

The first one is on the incremental EBITDA from the completed projects. Could you give us a sense of how much those projects contributed in 2025? And what do you expect in terms of EBITDA contribution for 2026?

Yes. Tristan, that's a great question. So if you just took -- are you talking about just -- I want to clarify, just if you're talking about the projects that came online last year, there's 4 major projects that came online. When you put those along with continued progress at Brandenburg, the delta in the EBITDA is about $500 million between just those 4 projects and progress at Brandenburg. So it's a meaningful uplift in 2026's outlook for us just from those recently completed projects.

Okay. Sorry, just to clarify, you expect a $500 million additional contribution from those projects plus Brandenburg in 2026 versus 2025?

Yes. That's the delta in EBITDA between all projects together. Correct.

Okay. Got it. And second question, could you provide us a bit of an update on the plate market? You referenced Brandenburg. It would be good to know where the -- what's the situation today. But also on plate, I think we've seen some price hike announcement in December, January. But when I look at spot prices, they've not moved too much. So are you facing some resistance? Can you discuss a bit the demand environment? And also keen to get some sort of update on the rebar market and where do you see the ramp-up at Lexington? That would be great.

Okay. Tristan, you have -- Brad Ford will kick us off on plate. And then maybe, Randy, why don't you touch on the start-up in Lexington?

Yes. Thanks for the question. Overall, we're pretty excited about where we're at on plate entering '26. As we touched on a few times on this call, backlogs are strong. Backlogs in plate are up 40% from this time last year. And we're coming off a pretty good year in terms of overall domestic consumption, which was up 15% year-over-year and really the best since we've seen since 2019. Obviously, couple that with an import picture where imports ended 20% down on cut-to-length plate for '25. And a lot of that was in the second half of the year as the market kind of worked through higher levels of imports from earlier in the year. So all told, we feel pretty strong going into '26. Strength in certain end-use markets, specifically energy, line pipe, transmission, wind are pretty strong. Nonres construction continues to be robust. I know Leon has referenced our structural backlog. And then infrastructure and specifically bridge continue to remain robust. So strong demand picture, low import levels and strong backlogs, we feel pretty confident going into '26.

Tristan, just to give you an update on Lexington. First, I certainly want to thank our Lexington and Kingman teams for their continued focus on safely and successfully ramping up these new investments. We are extremely encouraged by those operations. They're ramping up, developing and how that team is executing on those projects. We continue to hit more and more milestones. Each week, we're setting and breaking production records on a regular basis. So this is an absolutely fantastic time to be bringing these investments up. We are currently sitting with record backlog on that side of the business. So we remain confident that both, quite frankly, our Lexington and Kingman operations will be EBITDA positive by the end of the first quarter, and we would expect both also to be fully ramped by the end of the year.

We currently have no further questions, and I would like to hand back to Leon Topalian, Chair and CEO, for any closing remarks.

Well, thank you for joining us for today's call. We feel very good about the position we're heading into 2026 and look forward to the opportunities we have before us. Thank you to our team for the safety, operational and financial performance you delivered in 2025. And thank you to our customers for choosing to do business with Nucor each and every day. And thank you, finally, to our shareholders for investing your valuable shareholder capital with us. Have a great day.

Thank you. This now concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect your lines.