Glynis Bryan
Analyst · Stifel Nicolaus
Thanks Ken. Consolidated net sales in the fourth quarter decreased 1% year to year to $1.35 billion and on a constant currency basis, sales decreased by a similar amount. Gross profit was $180.4 million, up 1% year over year and gross margin was 13.4%, an increase of 24 basis points from the fourth quarter of 2011, reflecting an increase in product gross margin and a high mix of fees from software enterprise agreements.
Selling and administrative expenses increased 4% year to year in the fourth quarter and as a percentage of sales, decreased to 10.5% from 10%, 1 year ago. We continue to drive initiatives to reduce our fixed operating costs so that we can invest strategically in sales and services positions.
In Q4, we recorded severance and restructuring expenses of $1.9 million in support of these initiatives. And as a result, earnings from operations decreased 13% to $36.6 million or 2.7% of net sales compared to $42.2 million or 3.1% of net sales in the same quarter of 2011. Excluding severance expense in both periods, earnings from operations margin was 2.9%, down from 3.2% last year.
Our tax rate in the fourth quarter of 2012 was 40.3%, higher than our normalized range due to the mix of income earned in foreign jurisdictions which generally have a lower statutory tax rate and valuation allowances we recorded in certain countries in EMEA. This is notably higher than the 15.8% tax rate in the prior year quarter that reflects a significant benefit from the reorganization of certain of our foreign subsidiaries. All of this resulted in net earnings of $20.8 million and diluted earnings per share of $0.46 in the fourth quarter. Excluding severance expense, diluted earnings per share was $0.49.
Within these results, net sales in North America were $908 million in the fourth quarter, down 2% year to year. Sales in our software category increased 8% year to year due to higher spending by new and existing clients, primarily for business productivity products. Hardware sales decreased 5% and services sales decreased 21%, reflecting lower volume primarily in the large enterprise client group.
Gross profit in North America decreased 2% year over year to $118 million and gross margin decreased 12 basis points to 12.9%. Increases in margin due to higher product gross margin and increased fees from enterprise agreements were more than offset by the effect of lower services sales.
Selling and administrative expenses for North America in the fourth quarter was flat year to year at $89.5 million and as a result of -- and as a percentage of sales increased 13 basis points to 9.9%.
We also recorded $535,000 in severance and restructuring expenses in this segment in the fourth quarter compared to $464,000 in the same period last year. Earnings from operations in North America were $27.5 million or 3% of net sales in the fourth quarter of 2012, down from 3.3% of net sales in the fourth quarter of 2011.
Moving on to EMEA. Our EMEA operating segment reported net sales of $378 million, up 2% in U.S. dollars. In constant currency, net sales increased 3%. Also, in constant currency, sales of hardware grew 21% due to the effect of our recent acquisition of Inmac.
Software sales decreased 6% year to year due to lower volume across the region and sales of services increased 38%, both of these in constant currency.
Gross profit in EMEA increased 4% in U.S. dollars and constant currency terms, with gross margin increasing 21 basis points to 13.4%. This increase was driven primarily by improved margins of our software category despite lower software sales in the quarter.
Selling and administrative expenses in EMEA in the fourth quarter were up 13% in U.S. dollars and in constant currency, these expenses were up 14%. This increase year-over-year was primarily driven by higher salaries and benefits from investments in headcounts and the addition of Inmac to our portfolio in February of 2012.
We have taken actions in the second half of 2012 to reduce our cost structure in EMEA and we will continue to review this in light of expected market and business performance in 2013.
In the fourth quarter, we recorded severance expense of $1.3 million in the segment, up from $163,000 recorded in the same period last year. Earnings from operations in EMEA were $4 million in this fourth quarter, down from $8.5 million recorded last year.
In APAC, our Asia Pacific operating segments reported net sales of $60 million, down 12% year to year in U.S. dollars and down 15% in constant currency terms. Gross profit was $12 million and gross margin was 20%, up from 14% last year due to higher partner funding and a higher mix of netted software sales.
Selling and administrative expenses in APAC increased 11% in U.S. dollars and 8% in constant currency due to investments in sales and services headcount. Our Asia Pacific segment reported earnings from operations of $5.1 million, which was up 52% year-to-year.
Moving on to our cash flow performance. For the year ended December 31, 2012, our operations generated $67 million of cash, compared to $116 million in 2011. This decrease was primarily due to an increase in purchases from partners financed onto our inventory financing facility. The cash for these partner transactions are reported in the financing section of our statement of cash flows, but related client account receivables are included in operating cash flow.
In addition, our cash conversion cycle was 24 days in the fourth quarter, up 2 days year to year, due primarily to higher accounts receivables in North America. Also, our accounts receivables and accounts payable balances increased notably year over year due to a single significant transaction with a public sector client late in the fourth quarter.
In 2013, we expect cash flow from operations to be within our historical range of $80 million to $110 million. We also invested $30 million in capital in 2012, compared to $27 million 2011, primarily related to our IT systems integration initiatives in North America and EMEA. And we spent $3.8 million on the acquisition of Inmac and EMEA in the first quarter.
All of this led to a cash balance of $152 million at the end of 2012, of which $127 million was resident in our foreign subsidiaries and $80 million of debt outstanding under our debt facility. This compares to $128 million of cash and $116 million of debt outstanding at the end of 2011.
One last item before I turn the call over to Ken. As announced today, our Board of Directors have approved a plan to repurchase up to $50 million of our common stock. These share repurchases will be made on the open market through block trades both through 10B5-1 plans. We intend to execute the buyback in the first half of 2013, subject to general business conditions and working capital requirements.
I will now turn the call back to Ken for his closing comments.