Good afternoon, everyone. And welcome to the NRx Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Second Quarter of 2024 Results Conference Call. Currently, all participants are in a listen-only mode. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. I will now turn the call over to Matthew Duffy, the company’s Chief Business Officer. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Franzi, and welcome, everyone. Before we proceed with the call, I would like to remind everyone that certain statements made during this call are forward-looking statements under the U.S. Federal Security Act. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical experience or present expectations. Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ from statements made on this call is contained in our periodic reports filed with the SEC. The forward-looking statements made during this call speak only as of the date hereof, and the company undertakes no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements. Information presented on this call is contained in the press release issued today and in the company’s Form 10-Q, which may be accessed from the Investors page of the NRx Pharmaceuticals website. Joining me today are Dr. Jonathan Javitt, our Founder and Chairman and Chief Scientist; Stephen Willard, our Chief Executive Officer; and Richard Narido, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Stephen and Jonathan will provide a summary of our company’s progress. Rich will review the company’s financial results and then Jonathan will review upcoming milestones before making closing comments. Following the prepared remarks, we will address investor questions. I’ll now turn you over -- the call over to Jonathan.

Thank you, Matt. Good afternoon, everybody. Thank you for joining us. Steve, Matt, Rich, the rest of the team have now reached a point where years of hard work are beginning to bear visible fruit. We’ve reached three key inflection points on scientific, business and financing fronts in advancing our business. First, on the scientific front, we’re poised to file two NDAs for our product candidates in the coming months. NRX-100 for clinic-based treatment of suicidal depression, that is intravenous ketamine and NRX-101 for home-based treatment of bipolar depression in patients with suicidality or akathisia. That’s an oral combination of D-cycloserine and lurasidone. Second, on the business front, we’ve laid the foundation for a roll-up of state-of-the-art ketamine and interventional psychiatry clinics that will advance the treatment of patients with suicidal depression. In the process, as Rich will tell you, we’ve substantially reduced operating costs and cut our loss per share by nearly 50% compared to the prior year. Third, on the corporate financing front, we’ve fundamentally stabilized our business from an economic perspective by attracting a fundamental investor with more than a $1 billion under management, while simultaneously eliminating toxic debt that was the subject of litigation from our balance sheet. That new investor Anson Partners committed between $10.5 million and $16 million in new funding, as announced in last night’s 8-K filing. Investors have expressed a repeated concern as to whether we can fund the activities required to get our drugs approved. As announced yesterday, this is no longer a concern. In announcing the funding transaction, the Principal of Anson said, NRx Pharmaceuticals has a promising pipeline with the potential to transform the lives of patients and their loved ones. We are pleased to be working with NRx Pharmaceuticals’ team to support these drugs in their registration, and…

Jonathan, thank you for those very gracious comments. The chance to lead NRx has been one of the great joys of my life and I look forward to helping guide NRx to its success as a commercial enterprise. I’m incredibly proud of the process and progress our team has made over the past months, and I’m grateful to our partners and investors, as well as to all of the patients who have participated in our clinical trials. We look forward to continuing to build value for our shareholders and deliver life-saving treatments to patients. Most importantly, we continue to believe that these steps represent the beginning of our transition from a purely research and development company to a revenue-generating pharmaceutical company. We’ve made important progress with our clinical development pipelines this year. Suicidality is a national epidemic. Approximately 3.8 million Americans make an active plan to commit suicide each year, according to the CDC. We plan to bring NRX-100, clearly a life-saving product, to market as soon as possible. The current market for intranasal ketamine is already $800 million, which has not demonstrated anti-suicidal properties. We expect our market to be much larger. We continue work toward a distribution of shares in HOPE Therapeutics to our existing shareholders. We plan to seek a public listing for the company on a national exchange. HOPE is planned to be a care delivery company developing a best-in-class network of clinics that currently offer ketamine and other life-saving therapies to patients with suicidal depression and related disorders, together with digital therapies designed to augment and preserve the clinical benefit of NMDA-targeted drug therapy. We expect funding for HOPE to be independent and thus non-dilutive to NRx. At the same time, we believe this will continue to build value for NRx shareholders with this important asset on its balance sheet. I will now ask Rich Narido, our CFO, to review the first quarter financials. Rich?

Thanks, Steve. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, we at NRx Pharmaceuticals reduced our net loss from $8.7 million in the second quarter of 2023 to $7.9 million in 2024, representing nearly a 10% improvement year-over-year. For that same period, we reduced research and development expenses from $3.9 million in 2023 to $2.8 million in 2024. The $1.1 million decrease is related primarily to a decrease of $2.4 million in clinical trial and development expenses, offset by an increase of $1.3 million related to the Alvogen warrants. Also in the three-month period, we recorded an increase in general and administrative expenses from $4.1 million in 2023 to $4.2 million in 2024. The increase of $0.1 million is related primarily to an increase in consultants and legal fees, partially offset by lower insurance expenses. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, NRx Pharmaceuticals reduced its net loss to $14.4 million, compared to $19.8 million in the prior year. These deficiencies represent an improvement in net loss of $5.4 million year-over-year and a $1.32 or 47% improvement in net loss per share year-over-year. Over that six-month period, we recorded $4.6 million of research and development expenses compared to $7.5 million for the same period in 2023, representing a 39% decrease year-over-year. The decrease of $2.9 million is related primarily to a decrease of $4.1 million in clinical trial and development expenses, $0.3 million related to fees paid to regulatory and process development consultants, while offset by $1.3 million related to the Alvogen warrants, and $0.4 million related to fees paid to regulatory development consultants. Also in that six-month period, we decreased G&A by $1.4 million from $9.9 million in 2023 to $8.5 million in 2024, nearly a 15% decrease year-over-year. As of June 30th, we had $1.9 million in cash and cash equivalents. As previously stated, we recently announced that we secured up to 16 point -- $16 million of senior secured debt financing from Anson Funds. This financing is expected to support 2024 filing of new drug applications for NRX-100 and NRX-101, and to support the launch of old therapeutics as well, as retired historical debt with more favorable terms and a lower annual interest rate. NRx continues to implement operational efficiencies to extend cash runway and maintain focus on our path to generating revenue and value for our shareholders. With that, I will turn it back to Jonathan for closing remarks. Jonathan?

Thank you, Rich. With two NDAs planning for the coming months, the initiation of HOPE’s clinic acquisition program to be financed through a non-dilutive mechanism, together with a stabilized cash position, we’re in a solid position to build shareholder value. Most importantly, we’re poised to address critical unmet medical needs for patients suffering from suicidal bipolar depression, suicidal major depression and those with limited access to advanced psychiatric care. In other words, we intend to deliver on our promise to bring hope to life. Operator, we’re ready to take questions from the audience.

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Ed Woo from Ascendiant. Your line is now open.

Yeah. Congratulations on all the progress. It seems like your initial focus will be on the U.S. market, but have you given thought about international opportunities for both NRX-100 and 101?

Well, there’s no question that the rest of the world is important to us and we’ve consistently listed a large number of foreign patent approvals. As you know, we have composition of matter patent protection on NRX-101. And so far, it’s been approved in just about every jurisdiction where we’ve applied. So that rest of the world opportunity is something we’re very much focused on. As you know, we’ve added Professor Marion Leboyer, who’s one of the leading psychiatrists in France, a Professor of Psychiatry Inserm in Paris to our Advisory Board. And it’s something we think about on a regular basis. That said, we do anticipate that the initial launch will be in the United States.

Great. Thanks for answering my questions and I wish you guys good luck.

Thank you. Operator, we’ve received some electronic questions as well. I think this is for Dr. Javitt. Would you please tell us more about the HOPE business plan, how the funding is going to work and what the benefits to NRx shareholders may be?

So one of the things we’ve realized is that, while there are some outstanding ketamine clinics run by dedicated psychiatrists in the U.S., many of the initial attempts to create ketamine clinic networks across the country have been private equity-driven, focused on minimizing costs of care but not necessarily maximizing quality and innovation of care. And what we intend to do through HOPE Therapeutics is to bring together best-of-breed ketamine and interventional psychiatry clinics, together with networks of clinics that want to learn from them, want to bring their standards up to the best possible standards and we’ve seen a fair degree of investor enthusiasm for that structure. We’ll certainly have more to say in coming months, but I think you’ll see HOPE as a living, breathing entity in the coming quarter.

Thanks. Another one came in, and the question is, how do you see NRX-101 fitting into the treatment paradigm for bipolar depression?

If we’re able to get accelerated approval for NRX-101 in patients who have akathisia and/or suicidal ideation on the current generation of 5-HT2A antagonist drugs, so you’re talking about lurasidone, olanzapine, cariprazine, that family of drugs, I think you’ll see NRX-101 become a preferred drug in that category because akathisia is, as one leading psychiatrist put it to me, the worst side effect of every antidepressant. It can have lethal consequences. And until now, people didn’t talk about it too much because there wasn’t much to do about it. All of a sudden, there is something to do about it and we hope to be that solution.

Okay. Thank you. The last electronic question that we received is, Steve mentioned that ketamine had, sorry, inhaled ketamine had not shown an improvement in suicidality. Why would IV be better than that?

Well, and it’s certainly possible that a future trial will show that intranasal ketamine has improved properties against suicidality compared to placebo. Although that wasn’t the case either with inhaled racemic ketamine or so far hasn’t been shown with inhaled esketamine. It’s possible that the -- and some doctors have hypothesized this, that the steady state nature of an intravenous administration is important compared to the more sort of waxed and waned, the more of an acute blast of ketamine that you get when it’s given intranasally. Rather than focus on other people’s approaches, I think if we just focus on ours and say we’ve seen an important decrease in suicidality in the clinical trials that we’re presenting to the FDA and that decrease has now been echoed in a 500,000-person cohort study. That’s really the important message.

Okay. Thank you. Those are all of our electronic questions. Ed Woo has, I believe, asked another one. Operator, would you please take his question?

Thank you. We have a follow-up question from Ed Woo. Your line is now open.

Yeah. Thanks for taking up my follow-up question. As you guys are planning on submitting NDAs this year and possible approval for next year, have you thought about your commercial strategies, whether you will develop your own commercial team or whether you’ll look for commercial partners? Thank you.

Well, in the case of NRX-100, we already know who the customers are because it’s a clinic-based drug. And there’s a limited number of clinics, about 600 and it could grow to 1,000 by next year who are using the drug. And some of those clinics are going to be clinics that HOPE Therapeutics owns. So there’s no need for the overhead of a large commercial partner to reach customers who already want to talk to you. In the case of NRX-101, it’s also a fairly compact footprint. There are approximately 1,600 psychiatrists in the United States who currently prescribe the lurasidone class of drugs. And you can reach that number of doctors with a fairly compact sales force of about 50 people. Now, I’m possibly the least qualified person in the company to talk about that. Matt Duffy started out doing that for a living, and Matt, why don’t you comment?

Thanks, Jonathan. Sure. You can look at a number of different parameters in terms of number of prescribers, in terms of geography and access to representatives. And there’s a number of ways to approach it, but you can very effectively get out with reps in the 20 to 30 rep range, or not necessarily reps, but field force and really plank at the key prescribers in, actually, as Jonathan pointed out, both of these drugs. And as you do so, really target the highest prescribing folks out there. I’ve done this before at Lev and at Medimmune, and the targeted sales force is a really good way to go. It’s very efficient and you can really get the word out there very quickly. And so those are, I think, the important parameters as we look into taking this really to the next level, because there’s just a tremendous amount of opportunity.

Great. Thank you, and again, I wish you guys good luck.

Thanks, Ed.

And speakers, we don’t have any questions over the phone. Please continue. I’d like to hand the call over to Mr. Matthew Duffy.

Thank you, Franzi, and thank you, everyone. That’s all the time we have for questions and our time for our call. So thank you, everyone, for joining us this evening and this concludes the NRx Pharmaceuticals second quarter 2024 results conference call. Thank you for participating.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today’s conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect. Thank you.