NET Power Inc. (NPWR) Q4 2025 Earnings Report, Transcript and Summary

Greetings, and welcome to NET Power, Inc. Fourth Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Bryce Mendes, Director, Investor Relations. Thank you. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to NET Power's Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Earnings Conference Call. With me on the call today, we have our Chief Executive Officer, Danny Rice; and our President and Chief Operating Officer, Marc Horstman. Yesterday, we issued our earnings release for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2025, along with an updated investor presentation. Both are available on our Investor Relations website at ir.netpower.com. During today's call, our remarks will include forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those stated or implied by forward-looking statements due to risks and uncertainties associated with our business, which are discussed in our SEC filings. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. With that, I'll turn the call over to Danny Rice, NET Power's Chief Executive Officer.

Thanks, Bryce, and thanks, everyone, for joining us this morning. Marc and I are glad to be here, and we have quite a bit of ground to cover. So I'd ask you to pull up the investor presentation and follow along as we walk through it. After our prepared remarks, we'll open the line for questions. So let's start on Slide 3, and I want to set the stage with a bit of framing before we get into the specifics. When we look at the executive summary on Slide 3, what you're seeing is a company that made a decisive strategic call at the end of last year and is now executing against it. We pivoted away from oxy-combustion as our primary near-term commercial vehicle, and we did so deliberately. Oxy-combustion is a remarkable technology, and we're preserving that work carefully. Meanwhile, there's a pathway to the same destination, natural gas power with greater than 90% carbon capture that can be executed with equipment that exists today on a timeline that matches the urgency of the market. That path is a combined cycle gas turbine paired with post-combustion carbon capture, GT plus PCC. Proven turbines, proven solvent-based capture technology and with the right partner, Entropy, the integration of these two proven systems into a single bankable project is now within reach. So this is not a retreat from our mission. NET Power's mission has always been to transform natural gas into the lowest-cost form of clean firm power. That mission is unchanged. What changed is we found a more direct route to get there in the intellectual honesty required by us to take it. Now let me turn to Slide 4, which covers the macro backdrop because I think this context is essential to understanding why we believe the timing of this decision is exactly right. We're in the early innings of what may be the most significant build-out of power generation infrastructure in American history. AI data centers are the proximate cause, but it's bigger than that. You have AI-driven hyperscale compute demand. You have industrial re-onshoring, you have electrification of transportation and industry. All of this converging simultaneously on a grid that hasn't had meaningful baseload capacity in decades. In ERCOT, the Texas grid, it's ground zero for this collision. The load growth being projected in West Texas alone over the next 5 to 10 years is staggering. It's not a theoretical forecast. You can see it in the permitting activity, in the interconnection queues and in the conversations we're having. And what every one of those conversations comes back to is the same thing: speed and reliability. Power buyers are not sitting around waiting for the perfect clean solution. They are racing to secure any electrons they can trust to show up 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year. What we're seeing is a pragmatic reordering of priorities. Environmental idealism hasn't gone away, but it's being subordinated to an immediate physical reality. You cannot run a hyperscale data center on intermittent power. You cannot build a $10 billion compute campus and hope the wind is blowing or that new nuclear can be built at a price never achieved before and certainly not in this hyperinflationary cost environment for new infrastructure. But natural gas is different. The U.S. has among the lowest-cost natural gas reserves on earth. 50-plus years of supply in proven basins from Appalachia to West Texas. The honest question is whether we can advance technology that reduces the environmental impact of natural gas combustion because natural gas is what we have and is what we need right now. That's where we live. And if there was any doubt about how central domestic oil and natural gas are to this country's economic security and physical safety, the last 3 months have been about as clear a reminder as you could ask for. We just came through one of the harshest winters on record, and the U.S. kept the lights on without missing a beat, not because of solar, not because of wind, but because we have an abundant, reliable supply of natural gas in the generation in this infrastructure to dispatch it on demand. At the same time, we are actively engaged militarily and diplomatically to ensure that global oil supply chains remain in reliable hands because the world does run on oil and the U.S. understands the consequences of that supply falling under the control of adversarial actors. These are not abstract geopolitical concerns. They are a direct expression of how important domestically produced fossil fuels remain to our national security and economic prosperity. And they reinforce in the starkest possible terms why the answer to our energy challenge is not to wish away natural gas or oil, but to figure out how to produce more of it domestically and use it more responsibly and more cleanly. That is what we are doing. The good news is that the policy environment is beginning to confirm this view. The 45Q tax credit now provides parity between CO2 sequestration and CO2 utilization for enhanced oil recovery, and that's significant for us. EOR or enhanced oil recovery is the process by which captured CO2 is injected into oil formations to recover additional oil. Beyond the incremental production benefit, the CO2 stays underground permanently. You get a direct economic credit for the carbon capture. It supports domestic oil production and U.S. energy security, and it enables a meaningful reduction in the cost of clean power. In West Texas, where we have both the Permian Basin's vast oil formations and abundant low-cost gas, EOR is what makes the economics of our first project genuinely compelling. It's not a workaround. It's an integral part of the value chain. The bottom line in the macro is this. The need for clean firm baseload power has never been greater. The policy support for CCS has never been stronger and the geography we're developing in West Texas, is exactly where load growth and energy resources are converging the fastest. We believe NET Power is in the right place with the right solution at the right time. So with that, let me turn it over to Marc to walk you through what we've been building.

Thanks, Danny. Good morning, everyone. I'm going to take you through the business progress across three areas: the status of our product development, where we stand on Project Permian and how our commercial pipeline is developing. So let's start with Slide 5. The foundation of everything we're building is the integrated Clean Power product, 2 Siemens SGT-A35 gas turbines prepackaged by Relevant Power Solutions paired with Entropy's post-combustion capture system designed for greater than 90% CO2 capture. Our integrated clean power product represents something the market hasn't seen before, a fully pre-engineered power plant that combines a natural gas combined cycle with post-combustion carbon capture into a single standardized design. By working directly with Entropy, WSP, and our OEM partners to deliver modular pre-engineered components, we will have systematically reduced the execution risk that has historically plagued first-of-kind projects. The plant is entirely air cooled, eliminating water dependency, which dramatically expands the addressable geography and significantly relaxes a traditional siting constraint. Because our product is built on commercially proven technology configured to a repeatable standard, we enter Project Permian with high confidence in performance, reliability and availability. And with each deployment, our design matures, our procurement leverage grows and our cost curve improves. We're not building one plant, we're building a product. This is the product that will be deployed at our first project called Project Permian in West Texas. We passed our conceptual design review, CDR, and we're now working with WSP Engineering to advance the detailed design. Major equipment packages are progressing as well. We have the 2 modular gas turbine packages on order. Delivery is targeted for early 2028, and we're working through the commercial selection and structure of our EPC. The product design CDR milestone is a meaningful derisking event because it confirms that the integrated system can be engineered to specification and that our cost assumptions are grounded in real engineering, not just estimates. On the Entropy partnership, this is a critical work stream. Entropy is a global leader in solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture. Their technology has been deployed commercially in Canada at their Glacier facility, and we expect the Glacier Phase 2 commissioning this summer to provide real-world validation data for the performance assumptions underlying our clean power product. We are in the final stages of completing our joint development agreement with Entropy. We expect to finalize definitive agreements in Q2. Upon signing, NET Power will make a strategic equity investment in Entropy, and we will structure a joint venture for Project Permian with Entropy co-investor. Securing Entropy as an equity partner, not just a technology licensor is an important structural element of how we design this partnership because it aligns their incentives and performance directly with ours. I also want to spend a moment on product economics because this is an area where I think the market may still be underappreciating what we put together. When you benchmark our integrated GT plus PCC solution in West Texas against every other clean firm power alternative, nuclear, geothermal, solar plus storage, our product is cost competitive across a wide range of capital cost and gas price assumptions. That's not a promotional statement. It's the output of rigorous independent benchmarking we've done. With West Texas gas prices and utilizing the 45Q EOR credit pathway, the LCOE of this plant is in a range that makes sense for power buyers and delivers returns that make sense for equity investors. That's a combination that, frankly, we weren't sure we'd be able to demonstrate when we started this process. We're much more confident in it now. On that note, I want to flag an important upgrade to the plant design that occurred through fourth quarter. When we last spoke with you in November, the plant was configured for approximately 60 megawatts of net electrical output. Through our design efforts and product engineering with Entropy, we restructured the configuration and now approximately have 80 megawatts of net electrical output, a roughly 33% increase in generation capacity from the same site footprint and roughly the same capital envelope. Equally important, the redesign also reduced performance risk on the carbon capture side. We now have higher confidence in the capture rate assumptions underlying the project economics. That's a meaningful step forward on both the revenue side and the risk profile of the project. Turning to Slide 6 and path to our financial investment decision, our FID target is the second half of 2026 with a targeted commercial operations date of early 2029. If we hit that date, Project Permian will be the first commercial natural gas plus CCUS project in the United States. That's a milestone that the industry and our customers will notice. To get to FID, there are four major work streams running in parallel right now. First, product and project engineering. We need to advance the detailed design to a point where we can execute our EPC contract and provide lenders with an independent engineering report. they can stand behind. Second, long lead equipment commitments. There are line items that require commitments well before FID in order to protect the COD timeline. We're targeting approximately $50 million in pre-FID long lead commitments by midyear, and we'll be coming back to update you on that as the year progresses. Third, project financing. We are in the process of selecting a financial adviser to run the project finance process, and we have engaged with prospective lenders and co-equity investors. The project economics are strong, and we believe Project Permian is financeable. The project is designed to meet the return thresholds required by institutional infrastructure investors. Fourth, offtake, which I'll cover on the next slide. And it is important to note, site control is in place. We have an executed ground lease with oxy. Grid interconnection is progressing with Oncor with a targeted interconnection date of 4Q 2028. The basic project infrastructure is established. Turning to Slide 7, the commercial picture. Securing offtake is the most important thing we'll do this year. Let me give you a sense of where we stand. Our most advanced discussion is with Oxy, our site landlord and a natural commercial partner. Oxy takes the CO2 offtake for enhanced oil recovery. That's the core of the EOR economics Danny described. And we are in active negotiation on the power purchase structure as well. Beyond Oxy, we have a growing pipeline of prospective offtake relationships across industrial, utility and data center verticals. There are discussions progressing with a hyperscale data center developer in West Texas for a potential behind-the-meter arrangement that could be significantly larger than Permian Phase 1 on the order of 300 megawatts. The breadth of this pipeline validates the thesis that our market for clean firm dispatchable power is real and growing. The conversations we're having today are categorically different from the conversations we were having even a year ago. Customers are not asking us whether they need clean baseload power, they're asking us how fast we can deliver it. Our goal for this year is to have a signed offtake agreement or MOU at pricing at or above $100 per megawatt hour, which is the level that supports project bankability and delivers returns we believe are appropriate for the risk profile of a first-of-a-kind project. We're working hard to get there, and we expect to be able to share more on this front in coming quarters. Before I hand it back to Danny, I want to make one more point that I think is important context for how we've been thinking about the longer-term value of this site. Permian Phase 1 is an 80-megawatt project, but this is not an 80-megawatt site. This location with its land, its gas access, its CO2 offtake infrastructure with Oxy and its interconnection has the capacity to support a much larger power complex. We believe this single site can scale to approximately 800 megawatts as we replicate and expand the plant configuration. That means the infrastructure we're building, the relationships we're establishing and the operational knowledge we're accumulating with Permian Phase 1 are not just the foundation for one project. They're the foundation for what could become one of the largest clean firm power campuses in the country. That scale potential is a meaningful part of how prospective customers and co-investors are evaluating this opportunity. Danny will say more about it. I'll hand it back to Danny.

Thanks, Marc. So I want to cover two things before we open for questions. First is our financial position and second is how we're thinking about the financing of Project Permian, and then we'll close with a few broader thoughts. So we ended the fourth quarter with approximately $379 million in cash, cash equivalents and investments, which came in above our internal targets for the quarter. I think that really reflects the disciplined capital management through the transition. We wound down work streams that were no longer core. We rightsized our cost structure, and we kept our powder dry. So we have the financial runway to execute the Permian Phase 1 FID process deliberately, and that matters when you're making a first-of-its-kind investment decision. On project financing, I want to give investors a clear picture of how we're thinking about this because it's an important dimension of the Project Permian story. There are essentially three ways to fund a project like this. The first is 100% equity, which is we and our co-investors write the full check, no external debt, simple, but it's very capital intensive. The second option is equipment financing. A meaningful portion of this plant's components, particularly the power island, the gas turbines, the HRSG, the steam turbine, the electric equipment. These are proven commercially marketable assets that lenders understand well. You can finance against them much like you'd finance a fleet of industrial equipment without requiring a full project finance structure. That gets the equity requirement down to roughly $0.75 to $0.80 on the dollar, better, but we think we can do better still. The third path is full project financing, nonrecourse debt secured against the project's long-term contracted cash flows. And that's really what we're pursuing. And if done right, project financing gets the equity requirement down to roughly $0.25 to $0.35 on the dollar. The difference in capital efficiency between option 1, 100% equity financed and option 3, the project finance is enormous. And it's the difference between Project Permian Phase 1 being a use of our balance sheet and being the launch of a capital-efficient, scalable platform. Now I'll be direct about where the work is. Post-combustion carbon capture at this scale on a U.S. natural gas power project is new. PCC, it's a bit like the Loch Ness Monster. Everyone heard about it, but project finance lenders haven't seen it operating in the wild in the U.S. power sector before. Entropy has been doing this commercially in Canada for years, so the technology itself is not speculative. But getting infrastructure lenders fully comfortable with PCC performance assumptions requires education, it requires data and it requires some handholding. So that's part of the work ahead of us. And it's precisely why the Glacier 2 Phase 2 commissioning that Entropy is doing this summer matters so much. Real operating data from a live commercial plant accelerates that conversation dramatically. The other piece that unlocks project financing is strong offtake. Creditworthy long-term power purchase agreements are what give lenders the cash flow certainty to underwrite the debt, which is why, as Marc said, signing offtake is our single highest priority for the year. And Marc's point about scale, it is really worth reinforcing because it directly informs the financing strategy. When a prospective lender or equity partner looks at project Permian Phase 1 is the anchor of a 500 to 800-megawatt campus. They're not just evaluating a small first-of-its-kind project, they're evaluating the first chapter of a major clean power platform in the fastest-growing power market in the U.S. That framing changes the risk/reward conversation meaningfully. Every major data center developer we speak to is thinking in terms of gigawatts, not megawatts. The fact that we have a site that can grow into that demand with established infrastructure and a proven operational model is genuinely differentiating. So to close, the mission is clear, the strategy is decided and the execution is underway. This year's milestones, the Entropy JDA, long-lead equipment commitments, signed offtake and project financing are what stands between us and FID. We're working every one of those work streams with urgency. We look forward to updating you on our progress in the quarters ahead. So with that, let's open the line for questions. Turn it over to the operator.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question is coming from Martin Malloy of Johnson Rice.

Just on the pricing on the offtake, I think you mentioned $100 a megawatt hour. Can you maybe give us some perspective for out in that area, what the competitive landscape looks like?

Martin, it's Danny. Yes, I think -- I mean, it's really interesting. If you look at just kind of what's transpired over the course of the last few years, we've certainly seen prices start to move up, not just on the merchant side of ERCOT. I think if you go back a couple of years or you go back 12 months and you look at what's the forward curve sort of suggesting power prices in ERCOT are going to be, if you went back last year, the year before last and you looked at the strip for '28, '29, 2030, that forward curve was at $40, $45 per megawatt hour. And if you look at that curve with where it is now, you're talking about $65 to $70. And this is just merchant unabated. This is just power from the grid. So you've seen almost an 80% increase in just wholesale power prices in West Texas towards the end of this decade, which is when this plant is going to come online. So that's sort of like what's actually there on the commercial merchant side. I think where things are really interesting is you're looking at -- if you're looking at where power prices are for new contracted capacity for firm delivery, which means potential co-located and ignoring the clean piece, we're hearing chatter of those conversations north of $100 per megawatt hour if you're trying to get new capacity online before the end of this decade. I think that really reflects the importance of reliability of speed and I think equally important of the scale piece. I think what we haven't seen in the market is what are people willing to pay if it's fast, if it's scalable, if it's reliable and it's lower carbon intensity. That's a market that just hasn't yet been established. And I think we're going to be the first solution out there that establishes what that market is. I think the really compelling piece for us is compared to where we were at on the oxy-combustion and you needed a power price well north of $130, $150 per megawatt hour to be able to make the math pencil out. That's not a price point we need before this clean gas solution with Entropy. So I to say like I think we're going to be in that ZIP code where it's a compelling price for the counterparty, and it's a compelling price for us that pencils out on project economics, both on the equity side, but also on being able to support project finance on the debt side.

Okay. That's helpful. And then for my follow-up question, I just wanted to ask about the potential for government support on the financing side. Anything to maybe mention there regarding the DOE?

Yes. I mean I won't get into any of the specifics, but I think if you look at what this administration is really pushing for and what they're really encouraging, it's really shoring up domestic energy supply, and that goes across the board. That's not just for fossil, that's for anything from rare-earth metals. But certainly, as you look at just oil and gas and the importance that they both play in terms of just national energy security, those two are at the top of the list. And so if you look at solutions that align with this administration, solutions that can utilize domestic energy supply, unlock new domestic energy supply, help firm up the grid, help bring down grid prices from where they're trending and can do so in a responsible way for the environment, that's ultimately something that this administration is highly supportive of. And I think everybody on the call would agree with that. The interesting thing about this solution where we're using domestic natural gas, super low-cost natural gas to firm up the grid in a really, really scalable way that enables both the AI build-out that is an existential threat if we don't win, while at the same time, boosting domestic oil production. There's very few solutions. Actually, there's zero solutions in the world that are trying to do that right now. We are trying to do that right now because we think it's the right thing for the country. We think it's the right thing for the consumers. And we think it's the right thing for the shareholders. And so this solution really does align with this administration. And so certainly, that does become something that I would say the government is not just potentially supportive of on a verbal piece, but I think potentially on a financial piece, whether it's grants, whether it's loans, it's going to be a pathway that we pursue because this is probably one of the few solutions that fully aligns in a very comprehensive way across all of the energy solutions that this administration wants to see succeed.

Our next question is coming from Wade Suki of Capital One.

Just real quickly on -- just to expand a little bit on Marty's question on Project Permian. Could you give us an updated sense for project costs, total project costs there?

Yes. We can give you some like rough numbers on sort of what we're seeing right now. Wade, I'll turn it over to Marc to give you some of his approach to it.

Marc Horstman here. So just a little bit of background. In the last couple of months, we've gone from, call it, the conceptual -- through the conceptual design of the product. And as we continue to work with Entropy, we've worked with the EPCs and also major OEM vendors to really spec out and understand the overall plant design. So as we -- as you know, there's a lot of -- many, many factors that go into play relative to the TIC itself and then also relative to the, call it, the competitiveness of the LCOE right now, we're sitting in -- and we just, as I stated, passed through the conceptual design phase. We're sitting from a range of, call it, the upper 400s to the lower or to the upper 500. So call it, 475 to 575 is what we're looking for as a range. And that range supports, obviously, the economics that we talked about in the presentation today. I think it's worthwhile noting as we advance through the design ahead of FID, this will allow us to achieve that pre-engineered project, which will give us a, call it, a firmer view on cost as we move forward. I can tell you that as we look at our overall design and our product solution, the risk around that product solution, at least the risks that are out of our control is, as Danny has mentioned around the AI race and around the speed to power, those risks around OEM pricing and what that does or what it doesn't do is something that we're going to be looking at closely. As we stated, we're in a pretty good position right now because we've secured the gas turbines and the gas turbine packages, and we look to begin to secure some of the other long lead equipment this summer, even in advance of FID.

To add a little bit to that on the CapEx piece. The CapEx is a little bit higher than what we were projecting before. I think some of that is inflationary in nature where I think people are expecting. I think some of it is design changes. Marc talked about us being able to boost the capacity of the facility from 60 megawatts to 80 megawatts. So there's CapEx associated with that, but all of that at the end of the day is really intended to really drive down the LCOE. So I think when we look at things on an LCOE basis, they're sort of still in that same range. I think what's really helpful to understand is how does CapEx of the facility translate into equity needs of the project? Because I think at the end of the day, that's where the rubber really meets the road is what is our equity share of the capital spend going to be. And so if you're in that, call it, like $550 million range, and you're able to do -- we're able to get this thing fully contracted on the PPA side, on the offtake, we should be in a really good position to be able to secure project financing, which would be around 65% of the total capital spend. So that's around $350 million of debt. And so that leaves an equity plug of $200 million, and that's a $200 million equity check that would be assuming Entropy and Brookfield participate alongside us for their equity share of the project, we would be at around $100 million, $105 million for our equity share of that first project. We certainly have the capital on the balance sheet to be able to fund that. So we're sitting in a pretty good position. But again, it requires those two things to come into place, the PPA and certainly securing the project financing as we get through this year.

That's really helpful. The second question, I might have missed it in the presentation. Just -- I always ask you about kind of the commercial pipeline. I might have missed it, but is there any update on the MISO project or even beyond MISO? Or are you just focused on Project Permian for now?

Yes. I think we really have the horse blinders on a little bit on West Texas, West Texas in general with a specific focus on the first project on that one site that I think when you look at the slide, the first phase of that is this 80-megawatt project that Marc described in pretty good detail. As you can see on the slide, that's a site that can accommodate 800 megawatts. So that's a pretty sizable block for clean firm power. So that area is the focus right now. I think when you look at just the economics and where we can generate the lowest cost clean firm power, that is ground zero for it, certainly more so than MISO. We still have optionality around that MISO site. I think everybody saw -- we disclosed, we pulled out of the MISO queue late last year because of just rising costs of what the interconnect was going to be. It just didn't make sense for us to put that capital into MISO when we continue to see such great opportunities to reallocate those money to West Texas. So the focus really for the foreseeable future is going to be on the West Texas opportunity. And I would say a lot of it is economic driven. And I would say like the other part is it's just opportunity driven. The opportunities that we're going to see in West Texas that we're seeing right now are worthy of us spending as much of our time there as possible.

The next question is coming from Noel Parks of Tuohy Brothers.

One thing I was interested in was just, you've been talking with these different potential customers around offtake. I'm just wondering if you could kind of characterize the parties you're talking with around why they are particularly interested in the NET Power solution as opposed to the handful of other often also gas-related type generation options they might have.

Yes. Noel, it's Danny. I'll take a first crack at that, and Marc can certainly fill in all the holes. I think the reality of just the situation that we have at hand today is -- and it's worth stepping back and sort of just reviewing kind of what's transpired over the last 3 to 4 years. 3, 4 years ago, I think the world and certainly, the broader tech community was thinking we don't need new natural gas power generation. We'll be able to go to nuclear. We'll be able to go to renewables. We're going to have battery storage. We don't need to build new natural gas power generation. We'll eventually be able to find a way to decarbonize without it. I think NET Power's singular mission has always been the best way to decarbonize is actually just to capture the CO2, not to try to move away from natural gas, but continue to lean into natural gas and just with new technologies, find ways to capture it just given how low-cost natural gas power generation is. So that mission has always been there. I think the thing that's really interesting now as you fast forward to where we are today, and I think everybody has just accepted that there's no way we're going to be able to meet this load growth without new natural gas power generation. So it is a little bit of a conflict in a way of we don't -- there's maybe some reluctancy to be able to use natural gas, but they need to embrace it, otherwise, they're not going to win. They're not going to be able to build the data centers. They're not going to win the AI race. They're not going to be relevant because somebody else will do it. And so I think everybody has fully embraced natural gas for what it is, which is the most reliable, most scalable, most affordable form of energy for power generation in history. And so everybody sees natural gas as the foundation of being able to win the AI race, to be able to meet the load growth that we're seeing across the entire electricity system. And so how do you view that in a way while still not totally conceding your environmental goals? You need to find ways to be able to introduce new technologies that decarbonize. And I think it is quite remarkable. Well, I think there is this absolute focus on speed to power that is absolutely paramount. I think the opportunity that we see is can we introduce decarbonizing natural gas solutions that don't compromise on speed to power and to a certain extent, don't compromise on affordability of the power while still giving them the reliability that they come to expect from natural gas power generation. So those sort of three key characteristics is what Marc and the team have been designing around. It's the speed piece, it's the reliability piece, and it's the certainty of capture. And that's certainly one of the reasons why we partnered up with the Entropy folks is they're really the only proven PCC solution that's been operating in the wild for the last few years. And they have great experience there. They understand how to do it. And when you pair that up with the availability of gas turbines, which they are available, and I think we've demonstrated that because we've secured a handful of them so far for the first project. All of a sudden, you're in a place where we can deliver the same sort of speed that you'd come to expect from anybody else that was going to build an unabated gas power plant. So I think the proposition is fairly straightforward. You can have the speed to power. You can have the reliability of the power on the same timeline you would from an unabated gas power plant, but now you can do it with 90% carbon capture, which essentially means 90% lower emissions than you would get from the unabated version. So I think there's going to be places where you won't be able to do the capture, which is most of the United States. But when you're in a place like West Texas where we are, and we have a strategic partnership with Oxy, who has been a leader in CO2 sequestration for the last couple of decades and needs as much CO2 as they can possibly get their hands on for EOR. It creates a pretty compelling setup where this isn't just a pathway to do a single project, a one-off project. It really is the project that becomes the cornerstone of many gigawatts of potential clean gas power that we can install in West Texas over the next 5 to 7 years. So the speed piece, the scale piece, the reliability piece, all of it is there. You just get the added benefit of the clean piece that I think everybody at the end of the day is trying to figure out how are we going to do that, knowing that we're going to have to build a lot of natural gas power generation over the next decade.

Great. And what you were assessing this now sort of brings to mind something I have heard some of the other alternative generation technology vendors talk about. And that's regarding contract terms with, for example, data center or hyperscaler customers, they are saying that issues of timeliness, of course, are top of mind, issues of price. There's so much urgency that it's not that that's totally in the back burner, but certainly, it's the urgency does seem to be swapping price to some degree. But one wrinkle I've heard a company talk about is that as far as agreement duration that they are seeing some focus on -- in the event that a behind-the-meter project for power project for data center, in the event that an interconnection becomes available, say, 5 years down the road, that the customers are giving a lot of thought to what would that look like, the opportunity to connect to the grid with the technology that they have, of course, the stability and interruptibility issues that gas addresses will still be very much a high priority, but that there is possibly sort of a transition point ahead looking out to that horizon. So I just wondering if that's something that had come in your discussions.

Yes. You're talking about the transition from behind the meter or fully islanded to eventually being grid connected, right?

Yes. The option emerging of -- they've been in the queue for half a decade. And finally, it's within sight that the interconnect may be possible and they're just thinking about how to -- how and to what degree to sort of integrate into the grid then.

Yes. No, I think -- yes, I think it's fairly widely known that the sort of reliability that a lot of these large campuses need, like the reliabilities need to be extremely high. You're talking about whether it's three-nines or five-nines for reliability. That's something you can typically get from the grid, which is why the grid becomes an ideal place to want to get your power from. I think a lot of these behind-the-meter solutions, if you're designing it right, you can achieve the same sort of three-nines or five-nines reliability. You certainly cannot do it with like a single large frame gas turbine or two large frame gas turbines, you won't be able to get there. You really need to fill in all the holes. But this is something that's really in Marc's swim lane. So maybe I'll let Marc talk a little bit about sort of what that behind-the-meter sort of configuration looks like. I would just say what we're designing is really compatible with both sort of applications. Like we can put this power onto the grid and sell it on -- to a virtual PPA or in-front-of-the-meter PPA. We can also do the behind-the-meter solution, which is sort of the fastest go-to-market for a lot of the potential customers today who want to skip the interconnect altogether. Marc, do you want to add some color to that one?

Yes. Thanks, Danny. And I think it goes back to our overall product design and design philosophy. We selected gas turbines that are known and reliable. They're able to load-follow, couple that with the PCC technology that Danny spoke to before that is proven. It allows us to meet the initial needs of speed-to-power, but also clean power in the timeframe that folks are looking for. And what's key with that is the product selection puts us in a, call it, 80 to 90-megawatt block, which is a really nice block that most of our customers are looking for when they build data center applications and look at growing their data center demand. So you're able to phase that sort of growth with the data center construction as well, which allows it to also -- if a grid connection becomes available, this solution is excellent from the standpoint of being able to provide either that firming power or the load following that's needed when you have the intermittent renewables that are on the grid. So I think we've got the right product mix that threads the needle, if you will, from the needs of the current demand, but then also supplies the power and the firming that's needed for the grid based on where the project is located.

Our next question is coming from Betty Jiang of Barclays.

I want to first ask about the offtake conversations, just given it so important. Marc, do you characterized it as conversation looks -- is very different now than even a year ago. Can you just give some more color on what specifically the hyperscalers are looking for? Or what's perhaps holding them back? Is it the confidence in the technology? Is the scalability, timing? Or what is it that you guys need to address in the subsequent months to get them comfortable?

Yes. Betty, this is Marc, and then certainly, Danny can jump in and add some color. I think it's a lot of the things that you just hit on. I think it's from the -- and I'll add a couple to it. I think from the standpoint of the actuality of folks bringing the projects to bear for the -- either the behind-the-meter solutions that they're looking for or the grid connections. The realities of bringing all the different aspects of the projects together are quite difficult. And I think that NET Power, we sit in a unique position with the relationships that we have with the land and the work that we've done relative to our site that we're able to bring those solutions together. And with what I just spoke to before, the technology being existing technology that we're able to meet their speed-to-power demand, they certainly see this as a solution that truly makes sense and something that is viable that is -- that provides firm clean power. I think also from the standpoint of being in West Texas, the abundance of gas and the ability to price the gas so competitively allows our solution to really fit in to provide that power and then also the clean power. And I think as we continue to work with those hyperscalers and again, the product size, the ability to match their data center, their growth demand from the initial, call it, the initial phases, but then able to supply the 0.5 gig or 1 gig or solution that meets their overall demand, whether it be behind-the-meter or a physical PPA has and will continue to change the conversation. And then I think as we progress the conversations, the overall acceptance or discussions around the use of EOR. And as Danny alluded to, our solution along with our partners, which really fits in with the, call it, the narrative of shoring up the U.S. grid capacity in the power and enabling gas supplied power generation is really providing a unique solution that there's only a few that are able to provide.

Okay. And just on Slide 7, the different phases, is that just the first part -- is that for that single project? Is it an extension of the Project Permian?

Yes. So what it is -- that's exactly right. So right now, we're calling that Top Row Project Permian Phase 1. That's the, call it, first-of-kind, first-of-type proof of concept. And then as we look at deployments 2 and 3, they could really be in whatever size, range, fits ultimately whatever offtaker that we would sign. So whether they need the 320 megawatts in deployment 2 or deployment 3, then we would size that accordingly based -- typically, it's based on the data center construction schedule. And the fact that our solution is gas turbine agnostic allows us to be really flexible from the standpoint of selecting gas turbines that are available in order to meet that timeframe.

Great. Sorry, one more follow-up, if I may. Danny, just on the equity financing comment you made earlier, sort of assuming 55% of the project being financed. That's a bit higher than the earlier comment, a best scenario of closer to 25%, 30%. Maybe just what's the derisking that you took there? And what do you think could happen for that equity component to be even lower?

Yes. And Betty, maybe I misspoke, but we're targeting -- on project financing, we're targeting 65% debt, so 35% equity. And I think before, I was talking about the equity portion would be 25% to 35%. So yes, we're targeting 65% debt, 35% equity, which on a $550 million headline CapEx number, you're talking about $100 million of equity to NET Power. So that's sort of what we're targeting. It could certainly be higher if you get a solid PPA where you can support a higher debt service coverage ratio, which is sort of just like the primary metric to utilize to sort of right-size the debt capacity. You could certainly see the equity portion be a little bit lower than that. But we feel like that 65% debt coverage is sort of like the middle-of-the-fairway sort of target that we're going after.

Our next question is coming from Nate Pendleton of Texas Capital Bank.

Perhaps for Marc, going back to Slide 7 on the larger deployments. When your team is designing these modular plants, can you talk about the potential for cost reductions in these potential larger deployments? Would it just be on the front end with the site? Or could there be material cost reductions with any integration possible between the modules?

Yes. Thanks, Nate. It's actually both. Certainly, from the standpoint of the designing and developing a product allows us to have minimal engineering. And when you're at the same site, you really have reduced engineering because you're redeploying that same product over and over again as the phases are needed. And that was a part of the key selection of the megawatt block that we were targeting to make sure that we hit that, call it, the construction phase or the power-on phase that hyperscalers want for their data center growth. And then as you kind of hit the nail on the head, as you deploy more and more of the same product, your leverage with supply chain just continues to increase as well as you're gaining productivity in the field. So your EPC or your general contractor that's doing the installation just continually gets better at the installation. And then that also continues on through the start-up and commissioning process. So as a part of the looking at this as a product solution, it allows us to capture lessons learned from the very first implementation of Project Permian Phase 1. And then we will ruthlessly apply those lessons learned prior to deploying the next phase so that we can continue to drive cost down as we advance.

Got it. And I wanted to touch just for a moment on oxy-combustion. Given the prior partnership with Baker Hughes and their pursuit of the industrial scale oxy-combustion plant designs, can you provide some detail around if that use case is still being pursued and maybe what the suspension of the JDA means in the context of future development of the oxy-combustion plants?

Yes. I think the -- I think the best way to sum it up is that both partners have suspended as we continue and we'll continue to evaluate the viability of the industrial product. We continue to work that and support that as much as we can. And once we have that determination, we'll certainly communicate it as necessary.

At this time, I'd like to turn the floor back over to Danny Rice for closing comments.

All right. Thanks, everybody. Yes, we just want to say thank you for the questions, for the support, for the trust you guys place in this team. What we are doing, which is commercializing natural gas power with full carbon capture at scale, it's never been done before. And it's -- we're doing it in a market that's grown faster than anyone anticipated. So I think everybody appreciates there are challenges. There will be challenges ahead, but we want you to know that this team comes to work every day with a deep sense of purpose because if we get this right, we'll have helped solve one of the most important problems facing our country and the world, which is how do we keep the lights on affordably and reliably while leaving a cleaner planet for the next generation. So that is important to us. That's worth every ounce of our efforts, and we are grateful to have partners and shareholders who believe in that mission alongside us. So we will talk soon. Thanks again.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's event. You may disconnect your lines or log off the webcast at this time, and enjoy the rest of your day.