Welcome to MACOM’s Second Fiscal Quarter 2022 Conference Call. This call is being recorded today, Thursday, April 28, 2022. I will now turn the call to Mr. Steve Ferranti, MACOM’s Vice President of Strategic Initiatives and Investor Relations. Mr. Ferranti, please go ahead.

Thank you, Olivia. Good morning, and welcome to our call to discuss MACOM’s financial results for the second fiscal quarter of 2022. I would like to remind everyone that our discussion today will contain forward-looking statements, which are subject to certain risks and uncertainties as defined in the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed today. For a more detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties that could result in those differences, we refer you to MACOM’s filings with the SEC. Management’s statements during this call will also include discussion of certain adjusted non-GAAP financial information. A reconciliation of GAAP to adjusted non-GAAP results are provided in the company’s press release and related Form 8-K, which was filed with the SEC today. With that, I’ll turn over the call to Steve Daly, President and CEO of MACOM.

Thank you, and good morning. I will begin today’s call with a general company update. After that, Jack Kober, our Chief Financial Officer, will review our fiscal Q2 results. When Jack is finished, I will provide revenue and earnings guidance for fiscal Q3, and then we will be happy to take some questions. Revenue for the second quarter was $165.1 million, and adjusted EPS was $0.68 per diluted share. We continue to improve the quality of our earnings as both gross and operating margins increased sequentially. We also generated strong cash flow, ending the quarter with over $500 million in cash and short-term investments which is a record level. Our financial performance reflects the numerous improvements that we have made across many aspects of the business. Overall demand for our products continues to increase. Our book-to-bill ratio for the quarter was 1.2:1, representing the sixth consecutive quarter above 1. Our backlog is again at record levels, which is helpful as we plan the remainder of fiscal 2022. We believe that the strong Q2 bookings reflects market share gains, market traction from our new products as well as long lead orders which are being placed well ahead of the required ship dates. Our turns business was up slightly to approximately 19% of our total revenue during the quarter. The business metrics for our new products shows favorable performance. In aggregate, as a percentage of total revenue, products less than 3 years old are contributing more to revenue today than in the past and with gross margins that are higher than our current corporate average. These trends are in line with our strategy to build a diversified and highly profitable product portfolio. Our team continues to work effectively to accelerate product and technology developments. To meet our future goals, we are investing…

Thank you, Steve, and good morning to everyone. We continue to build on our sound financial performance during our second fiscal quarter ended on April 1, 2022. Revenue for the second quarter was $165.1 million, up 3.5% quarter-over-quarter. On a geographic basis, revenue from our domestic U.S. customers was approximately 45% of our fiscal Q2 results, representing geographic diversity across our customer base. From a supply standpoint, the environment continues to be challenging for our operations, planning and logistics teams. The recent resurgence of COVID-19 in Asia has resulted in additional lockdowns in various cities, which has an impact on some of our outside assembly and test suppliers. Also, shortages of certain key components and production capacity limitations within our supplier base is impacting our ability to ship product. We expect these conditions to improve modestly in the second half of the fiscal year. MACOM’s operations team has done an excellent job managing through this difficult environment, enabling us to meet our near-term revenue goals. Adjusted gross profit was $101.9 million or 61.7% of revenue, up 30 basis points sequentially. Q2 adjusted gross margin came in toward the upper end of our guidance range based primarily on continuing operational improvements. We are pleased with our growing gross margins and expect further improvements over time, albeit at lower rates. Total adjusted operating expense was $51 million, consisting of R&D expense of $31.8 million and SG&A expense of $19.2 million. Total operating expenses were sequentially up $2 million from fiscal Q1 2022, driven by an increase in R&D and staffing-related costs. While we anticipate modest increases in OpEx over time as we grow our R&D capabilities, invest in new technology development and expand our product portfolio we do expect to maintain fiscal discipline over all of our discretionary spending. Adjusted operating income…

Thank you, Jack. MACOM expects revenue in Q3 to be in the range of $168 million to $172 million. Adjusted gross margin is expected to be in the range of 61% to 63%. And adjusted earnings per share is expected to be between $0.68 and $0.72 based on 71.3 million fully diluted shares. In Q3, when compared to Q2, we expect Industrial & Defense revenue to increase by approximately 5% to 10% and Telecom and Data Center revenues to be relatively flat. As I highlighted earlier, we expect our second half FY ‘22 growth to outpace our first half FY ‘22 growth. In summary, we stand in front of a multibillion-dollar SAM with a unique and growing technology portfolio. Our strategy is to further diversify our products customers and end markets. We maintain a long-term perspective on executing our strategy, and we will work to manage our business to be profitable throughout all business cycles. We are confident we can continue to improve our financials and take market share in the months and years ahead. I would now like to ask the Operator to take any questions.

Now, first question coming from the line of Quinn Bolton with Needham & Company.

Congratulations on the nice steady consistent results. I wanted just to ask with the business mix shifting around a little bit, what are your expectations for year-on-year growth by segment in fiscal ‘22? It sort of feels like the Telecom business may be stronger than what you might have thought a quarter or 2 ago. And wondering if you still think data center is tracking to be up slightly fiscal year ‘22 versus fiscal year ‘21?

Quinn, Thank you for the question. So your comments are accurate in terms of our outlook for the full year. We are seeing very strong growth from Telecom, and we expect that to continue through Q3 and Q4. And we do also expect both I&D and the Data Center to deliver year-over-year growth. And we do believe we are on track to deliver a minimum of 10% growth for the full year. We’re seeing broad strength across all of our markets. Our book-to-bill across all market segments this past quarter was again close to 1.2 individually, let’s say. So very strong broad performance across all of the segments. And we are on track for our original planning as we looked into the year for at least 10% growth.

Great. And then my follow-up question just on the Data Center business. It sounds like you came in a little bit better than expected in the March quarter, but I think you had talked about last quarter having pretty solid backlog and your biggest challenge was sort of supply constraints. Wondering if you could just sort of talk about the supply constraints? And do you think you’ll be able to hit that very strong customer demand as you look into the September quarter on the Data Center side?

So all indications are we will. And as we sort of roll the math for the back half of the year, we see our Data Center business segment in Q4 being close to $40 million. So we -- and a lot of that is coming from improvements in supply chain. But with that said, we do see some positive trends within that segments, including, as I highlighted in my comments, a very strong interest in our linear equalizers for copper cables for both 200 and 400G. We see that all of our PAM4 product segments or subsections of the data center are up. We see all of our 400G business growing, and we’re starting to get more involved with high-performance computing at the higher data rates that I talked about. So there’s a lot of positive trends there within the data center that will certainly help our long-term growth prospects.

Our next question coming from the line of Harsh Kumar with Piper Sandler.

Congratulations on my part as well. Solid execution in these kind of very turbulent times. I just -- Steve, you seem to be very excited about the telecom business. And I was -- and you started a bunch of opportunities there, but I was curious maybe if I was -- if I would ask you to stack rank your top 1 or 2 opportunities that you’re most excited about within Telecom, where you think near to midterm, the most amount of growth will come from?

Yes. So I think that’s a difficult question to answer because we have so many moving parts within Telecom. If I just look at the performance in, Q2 the strength and the growth came from primarily 5G, both on the RF product side as well as the optical side. So that would include products like front-end modules and then analog ICs for front haul. And also, we’re starting to get traction with our Lightwave components, both on the laser side and the photodetector side inside of some of the front-haul platforms. So that’s certainly supporting the growth, and this is -- these are product lines that we’ve talked about during the course of the year. So we’re very pleased that things are coming together as we had expected. We’re also seeing growth from what we call access markets, which includes 10 GPON. We have a very strong position with some of our analog chips within that market. We are also starting to support that market with photodetectors, which is a content gain for that market for this year. And later on this year and going into next year, we plan on adding lasers to that market, which will really turn that market on from MACOM. And as you know, historically, when MACOM was supplying lasers to the 2.5 GPON market, there were quarters where we were doing $10 million to $20 million of revenue per quarter just for that market segment alone. And then the last thing I would add is Metro/Long-haul business is also very strong right now, not only our legacy 32-gigabaud business but also the new content for 64 gigabaud. And as I highlighted in my scripts, we’re introducing our 128-gigabaud products as well. So we really have a nice position there. And so the common denominator for all of these markets is really infrastructure. We are getting good traction within the infrastructure markets within Telecom and certainly quite pleased about that.

And then this is a good segue into my next question. You guys are on the -- actually started launching lasers in selected markets. I think Telecom is one which you highlighted already. I was curious of the $40 million number that you cited for the fourth quarter for the data center business, does it have lasers in it? And then secondly, can you help us think about understanding what the scope of your entry into lasers is and perhaps SAM or TAM opportunity with this entry into the variety of markets associated with lasers.

Yes. So yes, there is contribution of laser revenue within the data center segment. And it really is in 2 areas. It’s LAN WDM, which is currently in production, and we expect growth in the back half of the year with that platform, and that’s for the data center. And then the other is CWDM4 winning market share. And that we expect to also happen within the next 6 months. So that sort of answers your question about, is there laser revenue within the data center. So the answer to that is yes. But more broadly, we’re looking at Telecom and specifically 5G. And we are -- we’ve been working for the last 1.5 years on gaining market share and getting customers to qualify our product. We are seeing traction for CWDM6 and also BiDi platforms, by directional optical links. And we’re very interested in this market because we believe MACOM has a competitive advantage because we’re on 4-inch indium phosphide. We do all of the testing of the laser and the lasing of the laser at wafer level, which is a differentiator because our competitors cleave the wafers and test after that. So we just have a far superior cost structure. And so when we launch these lasers, they will be accretive to our gross margins. This is a very profitable part of our business. And certainly, it’s helpful for our goal to increase gross margins. And then the last thing I’ll add is the laser -- our laser business is really a portfolio. So today, we sell Fabry-Perots and DFBs, which are generally good for 2 to 15-kilometer lengths. We sell CW lasers for folks that are using silicon photonics. We are launching higher and higher power CW lasers as well. And we also have aspirations to extend into other types of laser classes, including EMLs, which is for the longer reach applications, and we’re very attracted to EMLs because these have very strong price points. And we also believe that there is a shortage of capacity in the EML segment. And so over the long term, you’re going to see more laser families coming out into more markets. Of course, there’s other industrial markets that consume lasers, and we’re continuing to do a better and better job there. And I’ll highlight, by the way, we recently -- we just exceeded a 10,000-hour qualification milestone for our DFB platform. And this platform is the foundation of our EML business or of our future business, which would target the data center.

Our next question coming from the line of Tore Svanberg with Stifel.

This is Jeremy calling for Tore. And let me add my congratulations on the execution here. Just a follow-up on the laser comments. Can you give us maybe a quick update in terms of the competitive dynamics, if there’s been any changes in terms of supply chain or recent geopolitical impacts on the competitive landscape here?

Yes. So, first of all, the laser segment is a very competitive segment. And so we have U.S. companies we compete with. We have Asian-based companies that we compete with. We have Chinese companies that we compete with as well. So it’s very competitive. And I would say no, there’s really no -- there’s really no shift. We have seen some smaller companies discontinue some of their product offerings. The laser is really a cornerstone technology for optical links. And customers are very careful about bringing vendors on for high-volume applications. Because if the laser stops lazing the link, that’s it for the link. So we have been making sure that when we step into this market, we lead with quality and reliability and that we want customers to know that we’re setting some of the highest marks in terms of not only functionality but reliability. But to answer your question directly, I would say, no, there’s no real change in the dynamics. It’s very competitive. And when we enter this market, we enter the market having analog solutions for the customers. That includes drivers that drive the lasers as well as TIAs that are used on the receive side. So we have nice content within a lot of these optical transmitters and receivers. And then the last thing I’ll highlight is we still are the only company in the industry that’s running this type of product on 4-inch indium phosphide.

Got it. And maybe switching to the I&D side. Can you tell us about any shift in terms of demand that you’re seeing there, just again in the current environment? And maybe what are some of the key applications going forward?

Sure. Well, I would say there’s really no changes in the environment, our customers continue to seek out advanced technologies for their platforms. But maybe I’ll take a moment to just say a few more words about our strategy within this segment. We want to, as I highlighted, provide customers with the highest power, highest frequency and highest data rate solutions. And so earlier this week, we announced a fairly large contract, a multimillion-dollar 2-year development contract with the Navy to produce a 45-kilowatt effectively transmitter, using our GaN technology. And so we think this is an important milestone for MACOM as we build out our capabilities to do multi-chip assemblies and high -- very high power components. And so we just think that’s a great example of the capability of MACOM’s engineering. It speaks to our thermal engineering, our power control to run the devices and of course, our ability to produce a phased array antenna systems. So it’s a nice project for us. It’s a multiyear project. It will lead to more programs like this and the team is just doing a phenomenal job there.

And our next question coming from the line of Tom O’Malley with Barclays. Tom O’Malley: I just wanted to ask specifically on the I&D side. You mentioned some pushout due to customer timing and you’re obviously guiding that business up strongest of your 3 segments. Is that related to the I side or the D side? And traditionally, you don’t really have these big chunky revenue bunches except in the defense department. So I would assume it’s there. But any color on the moving pieces between March being weaker than June being a bit stronger here.

Sure. Maybe I’ll say a few words, Tom, and then Jack can also add. So certainly, -- we are, as you highlighted, had a down I&D. And that really had to do with operations rebalancing and reprioritizing shipments within the quarter based on customer priorities. And as we highlighted, as Jack highlighted, in the script, we had a higher turns business. We saw incremental demand for the Data Center coming in. And so essentially, what we did is we had a mid-quarter remixing of priorities based on customer priorities, let’s say. And so that’s really why I&D came down the way it did. There’s nothing structural, no issues, no execution issues or anything like that. It was simply a matter of resetting priorities during the middle of the quarter. And Jack, I don’t know whether you want to add to that or just some general trends on I&D.

Yes. And just to add to that, Tom, as Steve had mentioned, the book-to-bill across the business has been strong, specifically within I&D. And we moved some things around like we typically do during the course of the quarter. So we expect that strength that we’re seeing going into Q3 to remain as we go forward. So nothing really specific to highlight things tend to move around throughout the business, and that’s where we ended up here for the quarter and with our outlook going into Q3. Tom O’Malley: Got you. And then as a follow-up, I think there’s a lot of concern out there, obviously, with the China shutdown, particularly with the module makers. Could you just fill us in with any details you have or what you’re seeing in terms of your supply chain there? Is there any financial impact that you’re recognizing in the results that you just gave us? Are you seeing that improve or get a bit worse? Any color there would be really helpful as well.

Sure. So just a few words about our business in China. So we have about 4 different offices in different cities. Most of those offices are sales at more application labs. And so in areas like Shanghai that have been shut down. We have a lot of the staff working from home. In Shenzhen, we do some planning and logistics, and it’s been fully operational, even sort of on and off over the past 2 years where we’ve had periods where folks need to work from home. We do not have any suppliers in China. We have -- so we’re not impacted of certain regions shut down. It’s really a focus on the customers and the sales and applications. And so we’ve been able to push through it. We’ve not been impacted. Certainly, at some level, there’s a bit of a headwind there of parts of the country shut down. But from our point of view, our customers have been very active, our sales and applications teams have been very active, and we’ve been fortunate to not be impacted the way some companies have with the cities shutting down.

Our next question coming from the line of Vivek Arya with Bank of America.

Steve, I have one more on the I&D segment. If I take kind of a longer-term historical view. It seems like I&D tends to have a strong year followed by a softer year, so there seems to be that cyclicality in the business. And I’m curious, what is the right way to think about the growth opportunity for I&D? Can this grow in line above or below kind of the 10% to 15% kind of growth rate that you think for the company as a whole?

I do. And I think -- I’m not sure your comments about an on-year and an off year are -- I don’t -- I’m not sure that’s accurate. But from our point of view, I can tell you that MACOM’s I&D business, if you look back over the past 5, 6 years, was very weak due to lack of attention, and that changed in 2019 where we began to focus on the market. And so what you see us doing is cross-selling our existing portfolio, adding products and technologies that are attracted to that market and driving our sales force into the market to win contracts like we talked about, the Navy contract, and we want to do more of that. This is a very, very large market. And we’re -- we’ve moved over the last 3 years, our revenue from being range found really in the $30 million to low $40 million per quarter, up from -- to the high 40s to the 50s and now we’re in the 70s. So we believe this trend will continue because we’re throwing a lot of weight at this market, whether it’s on the optical side, whether it’s on the RF and microwave side or now even supporting customers with what I would consider small high-end subsystems for very niche applications. So over the long term, as we’ve talked about, our goal is to reach $1 billion by our fiscal ‘25. It will be led by our Telecom business first because it’s so diverse, followed by our defense business or Industrial & Defense business. And then last, it would be our Data Center business, primarily because the solution set available for that market is limited compared to the other 2. So that’s our general sense. It’s a huge market, one of our…

Got it. Very helpful. And for my follow-up, Jack, I was hoping you could just give us a sense for how we should think about balance sheet inventory. I understand everyone is holding more inventory than usual because of all the well-known reasons. What is your target in terms of days of inventory? And how does that impact your fab utilization and gross margins if there is an impact?

Yes. And as we’ve discussed over the past few years, inventory has been an area of focus for us. And I think if you go back a few years, we brought our inventory levels down to what we thought were healthy levels over the past couple of quarters, there’s been a bit of a build in our inventory for strategic purposes, and I think that’s played out well for us in terms of supporting future growth and revenue opportunities as they emerge. In terms of a long-term goal, I don’t think we’ve established a longer-term goal. I think we’ve been around 3x. We’ve come a little bit below that with some of the increases that we’ve seen in inventory, but I think right around that 3x is where we’ve been, would be a healthy enough target. And from a turns perspective, with our improving gross margins, that puts pressure on the inventory turns as well. So it’s a little bit of an uphill battle that we’ve been fighting overall when you look at turns with regard to the margin improvement that we’ve had.

Our next question coming from the line of Harlan Sur with JP Morgan.

Great job on the quarterly execution and strong margins. On the strong innovation profile, which obviously is going to drive -- the growth is going to drive the margin profile kind of mid- to longer term, right? Do you guys have a target to increase the number of new, I believe, it’s standard product introductions by about 35% this year. Can you guys just give us rough percentages, like where the new products are focused on by end market? I’d just like to know where more of the R&D focus is as you think out over the next few years? And maybe just kind of as a follow-on to that, you guys do have actually a pretty strong pipeline, I believe, of custom product development as well. Are most of these activities focused on your I&D business, primarily a defense-related customers? Or do you have custom product development programs in Telecom and Data Center as well?

Harlan, thank you for the question. It would be very difficult for us to break out R&D for you by end market or by product line or by section. So that would be a lot of maybe sensitive information. So we’d rather not say that. But I will say sort of some general comments. So our high-performance analog business in our -- is one of our largest segments. And so you could imagine that that’s receiving a fairly large percentage of our R&D dollars. And that market has historically supported or that HPA business, high-performance analog business has historically focused on the Data Center. And so part of our strategy is to expand their focus into industrial, defense and more analog and mixed signal type components outside of the Data Center. And so that group, our goal is to expand that group into other markets. And so I would certainly highlight that. When you contrast that to one of our smaller parts of our business, which would be our Lightwave business, we really -- that business contains sort of 3 different technologies, lasers, which we’ve talked about today, the photodetectors and then silicon photonics. And so we continue to invest significantly in all 3 of those segments. And so 2 of the 3 segments today are generating revenue, the lasers and photodetectors and we’re continuing to invest in silicon photonics. So I probably wouldn’t want to go any further than that other than to say that our guiding principle on investing in R&D, it really revolves around our strategic plan where we’ve laid out the technologies we want to invest in, in the near term, the product lines that we want to expand as well as filling in gaps within the portfolio. I mean we recognize we have a small portfolio compared to our peers within our industry. And so as we’ve talked about today during the prepared remarks, you’re starting to see more and more new product lines coming out for existing and adjacent markets. And we believe that is the best way for us to outgrow the industry. But we don’t necessarily want to break out with any more detail than that. I will say what we’re not doing. We’re not investing in sort of next-generation DSPs. We will be very careful not to invest in large programs or systems that have very low margins. That is not interesting to us. There’s a lot of companies out there that produce optical and RF and microwave equipment and their financials are weak and they generally struggle for profitability. And so we will absolutely pick and choose areas where not only can we provide something differentiated, but also it will meet our financial criteria of being accretive to our profitability.

Very insightful. You guys continue to drive strong gross margin improvements. It’s been a combination of mix, manufacturing efficiencies and optimizations, maybe stronger on the optimization front, but it actually looks like your incremental margins are kind of now settling into a stable range of somewhere between 70%, 75%, which is where we would expect them to be given the richer mix of your products? And also, I know you guys have talked about mid- to longer-term target of mid-60s gross margin. So we would expect that incremental margins to be in that 70%, 75% range. But is this how we should think about the margin trajectory on continued revenue growth kind of in that sort of low to mid-70s type of incremental margin range?

Great question. And so maybe I’ll say a few words and then Jack can also contribute. Our operations team, our sales organization, our finance team has done a phenomenal job improving the profitability of the business, including the gross margins through a combination of the things that you mentioned, pricing, execution, yield enhancement programs, working with our vendors to get better pricing all of those things and more -- and that work continues every day. The way we -- when that is flushed out, the way we will continue to push out -- push up the margins will be through innovative products. And today, we’ve highlighted on the call so many examples of product lines or product sets that are truly best-in-class that will command higher gross margins. And as those elements start to layer on to our business, it will continue to push the margins up. The reason why we do not give a target model is because it’s very difficult to predict the timing and the mix of those things. And the new products, as everybody knows, takes months, if not years, to really kick in to move the needle, both on the revenue and also on the gross margin line. So we would rather talk about the gross margin and operating margins retrospectively about look what we’ve done as opposed to trying to forecast 1 or 2 years down the road. Other than to say, directionally, we are continuing to push the margins higher, and the data that we collect on our new products is very supportive of our goals. Do you want to add to that, Jack?

Just to pile on a little bit more in terms of some of the internal initiatives that we have been going through and how those continue to contribute to the margin improvements that we’ve seen as well as the revenue increases, that additional volume through the top line is helping to drive incremental margins as well. So it’s really a combination of factors that have supported us thus far, and we think will continue to support us as we go out into the future, but it does become a bit more challenging as we continue to go forward with the improvements that we’ve made over the past few years.

Our next question coming from the line of David Williams with Benchmark.

Just, I guess, a couple of high-level questions, but just kind of think about the order book, it’s still very strong book-to-bill, but have you seen any changes, I guess, in the behavior of your customers maybe their longer-term planning, just kind of given the volatility that we’ve seen in the marketplace over the last several weeks.

The short answer is no. As we entered this month or as we’re finishing out this month, orders continue to be strong across all the different market segments. So we’ve not seen any pullback or slowdown from our customers. So nothing to report there.

Fantastic. And then a few others have commented on substrate constraints, really on the high-performance products. I’m just wondering if you’re seeing anything similar there or maybe specific areas of constraints that could potentially be troublesome as we head to the second quarter.

Yes. So we have absolutely been afflicted by the substrate issues associated with capacity in the industry. And it’s hit 2 parts of our business. We talked about in the past, the Data Center, some of our high-end products, HPA products and also what we call connectivity products, which could be, for example, crosspoint switches, very high-end switches. So that is -- yes, so the answer is yes, we have been affected by that. That has been built into our guidance over the past 2 to 3 quarters. We talked about on our last call that issue causing a back-end sort of step up in our Data Center revenue. And so that is still our current thinking. And that’s why we’re going to see a significant step-up in Data Center in Q4, which is some of those supply constraints being worked out and MACOM will have access to the packaging that we need to ship our products. It’s something that will slowly get better over time. We’ve been taking actions to move away from certain technologies and to move our components and our products into other technologies that are suitable. And so all that engineering work has been happening behind the scenes. And as we think about 2023, we think things will slowly get better. And it won’t be an issue. So it’s something that our business units do a great job managing, they’re fully engaged, and it’s just 1 of those things that we’re managing through.

Our next question coming from the line of C.J. Muse with Evercore.

I guess a follow-up question on the supply constraint side. Curious what your view was pre-China lockdowns in terms of when you thought things would normalize and how that’s been affected due to lockdown? Just trying to get a better understanding there.

C.J., it’s Jack. Just to clarify, in my prepared remarks, I had some commentary with regard to supply chain. And I think that’s just a to highlight that those items still do exist. Obviously, they’ve been evolving over time, and there have been some more recent items that have come up more specifically in China. And I think Steve had addressed that in his earlier response to one of the questions, but part of the prepared remarks was also for recognition to our operations team in terms of how well they’ve been able to manage through this over the past number of years, really when you look back over time. So no real major impacts to us over the past quarter versus where we were 3 months ago. We did highlight that we were expecting some modest improvement as we work our way through the back half of the year. But as always and as we’ve learned, that’s always subject to change. But based on where we’re sitting here today, no real major change from where we were a quarter ago.

Okay. That’s helpful. And as my follow-up question, wanted to focus on aerospace and defense side of things. Obviously, the world’s changed in the last, what is it, 62 days, plus or minus. And with NATO now looking to actually hit their targets for defense spending, have your conversations or your internal plans for engagement changed at all? And how should we think about the kind of the duration of design cycles and when you might see a step-up in that part of your business?

Sure. So as we talked about earlier, we really began to focus on the I&D end market in 2019. And we’ve been continuing to invest in products, technologies that we believe would be ideal for the customers within this segment. And so that is probably more important than the current dynamics that are happening today in the world. And so I would just bring you back to that as being really the main point is that MACOM is improving the technologies for Industrial & Defense end markets. And our sales and marketing teams have been doing a great job engaging at all different levels of these customers. And so that’s really the point. I wouldn’t want investors to think that because of the activities in the Ukraine that there’s going to be an uptick in our business or a windfall on a particular program. I wouldn’t think of it that way. I would instead just recognize that this is an area, 1 of 3 markets, it will, over time, be a very strong market for us, continue to be a very strong market for us. But I wouldn’t be -- I wouldn’t focus on the current events as something that might create a financial windfall for the company.

Our next question coming from the line of Richard Shannon with Craig-Hallum.

Steve, I’d like to dive into the topic of GaN here. I’ve had some positive commentary in the last few calls here. It sounds like the business is really building, particularly on the bookings side. You’ve also talked about a goal of getting to the company at $1 billion in a few years. And I wonder if you can give us a sense of how the backlog is building here? And how you think about the size of your GaN business relative to that goal out in a few years? I mean can GaN be 10% of that total? And how would you kind of think of it between your I&D and Telecom segments?

Sure. So we have really 3 parts of our GaN strategy. Then I’ll say just to point that out. So the first part of our GaN -- actually 4 segments of our GaN strategy. The first is high-frequency mimics using 0.14 GaN on Silicon Carbide. That will address high-frequency, I&D and SATCOM and microwave radio links using GaN. And those are -- can be multifunction mimics that would be used on the transmit and receive side of microwave systems. The second piece is lower frequency, but very, very high power. We call that PURE CARBIDE. And 1 year ago, we introduced the industry’s highest power device, 2.6 kilowatts. And at IMS in June, we’ll be demonstrating a 4.5 kilowatt device. And those will be targeting radar systems, jammers, EW, anywhere where you want extremely high power. And we will sell products to customers, not only at the chip level, but also packaged or multichip assemblies or what we call pallets, where we take our very high-power devices and we put other ancillary circuits around it, drivers, isolators, things like that, combiners. So that’s the second piece. The third piece would be for Telecom and all things wireless, which is primarily massive MIMO, and we’ll be demonstrating at IMS also our power amplifier modules, and the industry within 5G has moved from discrete amplifier lineups, drivers and Doherty upward stages now to more combined power amplifier modules. And we are right in the fight on that. And we -- as I talked about, we are gaining traction in design wins for small base stations and macro base stations and over the next year, we’ll start to get design wins on PAMs, the power amplifier modules. And then all of those 3 segments that I’ve talked about are GaN on Silicon Carbide.…

Steve, thanks for that great detail. I’ll ask a follow-on question. It could be a long, I don’t intend it to be, but one of your prepared comments, you talked about an emerging subsystem capability in I&D. Can you talk to that the strategic and financial implications of that and when we might see that?

Sure. And I think we are -- we do recognize that some customers want to hand the problem to us to solve, especially in areas of high power where you need specialized equipment and people that are experienced dealing with it. And so the Navy contract that we talked about would be really an example of moving in that direction. But we will move very carefully. We did recently open up a small design center in Western Mass, which is Massachusetts, which is primarily focused on building up the building blocks necessary to address this market. And these engineers are expert at building multichip assemblies, working with waveguide for the higher frequencies. And so this is something that will just start to emerge over time. There won’t be a big pivotal moment. It will be MACOM starting to address more opportunities in the market where we see that it’s a perfect fit for our capabilities. What we don’t want to go after is business where you can go out to the market by chips from 5 or 6 different semiconductor companies and then put together a solution. We will build modules based on our proprietary technology in semiconductors, not other people’s chips. And so that filter eliminates probably 75% of the opportunity. So we will be very selective when we engage on a small subsystem or a module opportunity.

Next question coming from the line of Ruben Roy with WestPark Capital.

I had a quick follow-up, Jack, on the gross margin discussion. Just kind of thinking about the different segments, the product segments and product mix. As you think about -- as Steve mentioned, products less than 3 years old starting to contribute more to revenue and higher margins on these new products that you guys are designing. Can you remind us what the margin differentials are, if any, across the 3 product groups today? And as you think about Q4 and data center starting to really pick up, are there going to be any margin impacts from sort of the mix change over the next, let’s call it, 4 to 6 quarters?

Yes. Thanks, Ruben. Yes, from an overall gross margin perspective by each of the end markets, that’s not something that we break out. We do look at the gross margins, and there is a bell curve across our entire product portfolio, where we’ve got some that are obviously higher than the corporate averages and some that are lower. The same holds true for the new product introductions that Steve had referenced in his prepared remarks, there’s going to be a spectrum of different gross margin profiles that those products have. We are looking to obviously focus on the ones with the stronger gross margins to try and focus on how we can do more of that. We also focus on some of the lower-performing products, even the ones that we’re introducing to make sure we understand why they have below our margins that may be below our expectations or may not even have the revenue desires that we had going into the development cycles. But NPI and overall gross margin is an area that we focus on across the organization. And some of those gross margin implications that we have come into play in terms of some of the production capabilities that we have within our own internal fab and our internal test and assembly facilities, and then there’s other implications as well with some of the product that we have externally fab and how that might play out from an overall mix perspective as it relates to our overall gross margins.

Very helpful. And just a quick follow-up. Steve, I don’t think you mentioned PON in your remarks today. I know you had a 25-gig PON demonstration at OFC. And just wondering if you can give us an update on where we are at 10-gig PON and kind of your perspective on when we’re going to get to 25 gig and how that might impact your Teleco business.

Sure. So 10G PON volumes continue to ramp, and we see that with some of our product lines. As we’ve talked about in the past, our goal is to expand content within the platform. So today, we have a very strong driver business. We are picking up market share with the photodetectors. We will be introducing lasers to customers. That’s an ongoing activity. And so generally speaking, and then the last is first mode TIAs, which we’re -- we still have to do a little work on. So -- generally speaking, our PON business is -- for 10G is growing. It’s an international market. It’s not just China. And we are strengthening our position within the market.

Thank you. I will now turn the call back over to Mr. Daly for any closing remarks.

Thank you, Olivia. In closing, we would like to thank our employees, customers and suppliers for their continued support. Have a nice day.

Ladies and gentlemen, that does our conference for today. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.