Rich Sumner
Analyst · Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Sure, I'll start with the Marine Fuel. This is a really exciting area for us. We're seeing a lot of interest right now. We -- as of today, there is both ships that are on the water as well as orders that are on the books today. It's over 100 vessels that, if run on methanol, 100% of the time would be 3 million tons of demand. But we also know that all major shipping companies are looking at methanol, either committed to methanol or looking at methanol in the container space. So that's Costco, HMM, Maersk, CMA, CGM and others. So really exciting there, but we're also seeing interest in all other sectors. Cruise lines, Disney just committed to their first cruise -- large cruise vessel. Ferry has done a -- first converted ferry vessel. And then we know tug barge, dry bulk, et cetera. So we were really interested. We're supporting that area, we expect to see it grow, continue to grow. We're supporting in a number of different ways, trying to really help with shipping companies understand the technology of methanol, the logistics, the availability of methanol. We just did some demonstrations in the Port of Gothenburg with Stena during the first ship to ship bunkering in Sweden, as well as for our Ferry. So we're supporting this in a lot of different ways and we're also trying to understand their interest in low-carbon methanol and how that fits with potentially our investments in our sites as well as future projects. So really interesting space. I'm sure we'll have a lot more to report on more vessels and more demand potential as that goes forward. Your other question is about coal boilers and kilns. You asked about DME. DME, we don't see demand growing there, that's sort of what I'll say is sort of a mature application not seeing investments in that space, but it's sort of steady demand, above 4 million tons of demand per year with a lot of growth rates on that. Coal boilers and kilns, we see that that conversions continue to happen, mainly in the smaller commercial applications for commercial heating and commercial residential heating. So continuing to track that. We put a number on it, it's probably in a 4% to 5%, it's not -- we're not seeing huge growth rates there. The other area that we're watching is demand for vehicle fuels. Kee Lee [ph] is promoting a number of different applications, M100 vehicles, heavy duty trucks, as well as hybrid sedans. And so they have some quite optimistic marketing plans for especially heavy duty trucks. So yes, so those are the applications we're watching and continuing to track.