Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and Welcome to the Ingredion First Quarter 2016 Earnings Conference Call. For the conference, all participant lines are in a listen-only mode. There will be an opportunity for your questions; instructions will be given at that time. [Operator Instructions]. As a reminder, today's call is being recorded. I will turn the conference now over to Miss Heather Kos. Please go ahead.

Good morning and welcome to Ingredion's first quarter 2016 earnings call. Joining me on the call this morning are Ilene Gordon, our Chairman, President and CEO, and Jack Fortnum, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Our results were issued this morning in a press release that can be found on our website, ingredion.com. The slides accompanying this presentation can also be found on the website and were posted a few hours ago for your convenience. As a reminder, our comments within this presentation may contain forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to various risks and uncertainty. Actual results could differ materially from those predicted in the forward-looking statements and Ingredion is under no obligation to update them in the future as or if circumstances change. Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed during today's conference call are in this morning's press, release can be found in the company's most recently filed annual report on Form 10-K and the subsequent reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K. Now I am pleased to turn the call over to Ilene.

Thanks, Heather, and let me add my welcome to everyone joining us today. We appreciate your time and interest. I am pleased to announce Ingredion ended the quarter with record adjusted operating income and adjusted earnings per share. Volumes grew by 4% driven by the addition of Penford and Kerr. As expected, organic volumes were down 2% given the sale of our Port Colborne Canada facility. It truly is a North America story where our price, product mix was favorable driven by specialty sales and a favorable trade up of our core ingredients sales. Our focus on continuous improvement and optimizing our global footprint has supported our margin expansion. Overall, I'm pleased that our business model and strategic plan continue to deliver shareholder value. North America had record high operating income; APAC and EMEA were up for the quarter and South America was down due to macroeconomic and foreign exchange headwinds in the region. For our Company overall, our ongoing cash flow from operations and strong balance sheet continue to enable us to deploy cash to advance our strategic blueprint. The acquisitions of Penford and Kerr Concentrates have broadened our Ingredion portfolio and improved our mix. We now expect to exceed our Penford acquisition synergy target and our pending acquisition of Shandong Huanong in China should enhance our capacity in the Asia Pacific region. This acquisition is expected to close later in the year pending regulatory approval. Now let's spend a moment on each region's performance in the quarter. Operating income in North America was $149 million for the quarter, up $47 million from last year. Overall volumes were up 8% driven by our Penford and Kerr acquisitions. As you recall, we closed the Penford acquisition on March 11 and Kerr on August 3 of last year. Price product mix…

Thank you, Ilene. Good morning everyone. Let me start by covering the highlights of the income statement. Net sales were up $30 million for the quarter. The majority of the increase is attributable to the addition of the acquisition-related ingredients, a more favorable mix in both our specialty and core ingredients, as well as favorable pricing in South and North America. These factors were partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange. Gross profit was higher by $58 million as a result of the addition of acquisition-related volume. Favorable price product mix in both of our specialty and core ingredients and margin expansion as a result of our optimization efforts. Reported operating income was $60 million higher versus last year while adjusted operating income was $44 million higher. The increase in gross profit was partially offset by higher operating expenses driven by the inclusion of Penford and Kerr. Reported operating income was lower than adjusted operating income by $1 million related to acquisition and integration costs for Penford and Kerr. Our reported and adjusted earnings per share were $1.73 and $1.74 respectively. For the quarter, our adjusted EPS was $0.44 higher than last year. Moving on to the net sales bridge, our sales of $1.36 billion were higher than last year by $30 million. Volume growth contributed $60 million driven predominantly by a full quarter of Penford and Kerr sales. If you recall, we explained last quarter with the sale of Port Colborne we expected our organic volumes to be down as we shed lower margin ingredients. Favorable product mix contributed $83 million. These impacts were partially offset by $113 million of foreign exchange headwinds. As we look more closely by region, you can see unfavorable foreign exchange affected us across all four regions. Volume grew in North America and EMEA and…

I am pleased with our results this quarter and we are off to a good start for the year. From a strategic perspective, our business model and blueprint for growth are working and our momentum continues on a positive trajectory. Our underlying business is solid and performing well and our acquisitions and other deployments of cash are driving improved shareholder value. In fact, we are pleased that our investment in Indianapolis to enhance our specialty capacity is progressing well and is running startup trials as we speak. We continue our strategic journey to become a leading global ingredient solutions provider with a portfolio, R&D capability and people to help customers innovate in line with growing consumer trends. Additionally, we continue to take actions to optimize our cost structure for the future. Regionally, North America is expected to continue its positive trajectory. Asia Pacific and EMEA are projecting operating income growth and South America is expected to be modestly down versus last year given the macroeconomic headwinds. With our strong balance sheet, we expect to continue deploying our capital for organic growth, network optimization, acquisitions and other shareholder friendly actions. Now we are glad to take your questions.

[Operator Instructions]. And first from the line of David Driscoll with Citi. Please go ahead.

Great, thank you and good morning. Congratulations on the results. Terrific stuff. Wanted to ask two questions. The first one was on North America and the operating income up $47 million. So there is a lot of effects here, guys. Pricing, network rebalancing, cost savings and then the movement to specialties. I attempted to put them in order of magnitude but I was really hoping that you could do it for us and the reason being is because I think some of these factors are maybe confined to the first quarter, notably that network rebalancing. But it feels like the strength of pricing is something that should persist into Qs 2, 3 and 4. So if operating income is up $47 million and let's say half of it is from pricing then maybe that is really helpful to us on the outside to think about the numbers going forward. So could you just give us your ranking of the impact of these factors for North America?

Yes, David, I will cover that. This is Jack talking. I think first of all, we were very pleased with the quarter in North America to start with. I would like to highlight one thing too is that don't forget that 47% improvement, we also have the Penford acquisition which we lapped. So we have that volume coming through as well. I just want to make sure people recall that we didn't close Penford until March 10th last year, March 11th last year. So then let me put it in sort of our order in terms of how we looked at it. First of all, our run rate and our Penford synergies we said that they are running, tracking at about $5 million higher than we anticipated. And so right away on the quarter and that will continue during the year if you think about last year we recognized about $10 million of the synergies, this year here we will be tracking at about $15 million. So that was a very strong positive. The network optimization is one which I think had a disproportional impact in the first quarter which will not carry into the remaining portion of the year. There will still be benefits throughout the remaining portion of the year but as some of our volume particularly on the sweetener side is seasonal with the summer months being where our facilities have historically run at full utilization rates. What the network optimization allowed us to do was actually run a little bit higher utilization rates in the first quarter we will continue to run well in the second and third quarter which has historically been the pattern. And then we will have to see what the inventory balance in the fourth quarter, how that materializes. And so that…

So maybe just same question different way, can you then just explain, it is like a $0.35 beat versus the consensus but yet the top end of guidance goes up by $0.15. Why don't you flow it all through?

Why doesn't it not flow all through? As I mentioned, some of it is the layout of the corn and some of it is that I think it was just the way that the quarter was staggered. The other thing is don't forget the tax rate impacted us by about $0.05 in the quarter positively and then our South American numbers are kind of coming down a little bit as we have looked at the business in South America. We kind of thought we were kind flat and now we are kind of calling it down slightly and so that is the other element that is impacting us.

Okay, I will pass it along. Thank you so much.

And next we will go to Farha Aslam with Stephens. Please go ahead.

Again, my focus is South America. Could you share with us some color around corn availability, if that is going to be a problem for you with the weather down there balanced by the strengthening of the Brazilian real? Is that going to help you out a bit?

Let me take that one too. Actually the corn issue started in Brazil and essentially what happened was there was a lot of exports of corn out of Brazil partially because of the devaluation I believe is part of what partially triggered it. And it did make corn a little tight in Brazil and we have seen a run-up in the local corn market dramatically. And if you think about the original devaluation taking place last August, we were passing through the devaluations very well but then when we also had to pass through the corn increases it actually compressed our margin somewhat as we are chasing those throughout the quarter. And then now we are faced with a little bit of a heavy rain in Argentina which is impacting the crop harvest there. That is impacting more soybeans. I don't really see that being a major impact in Argentina at this point in time. So in terms of availability, I don't think we will have any problem with that. It is just a timing issue in terms of getting those corn cost passed through into the environment there. The Brazilian real, I will say I don't know where it is going to end up. It was up at 4, now it has appreciated back to that 3.5, 3.6 type of range and so that is one of the reasons why we have some downward push in South America and upward actually in the upper side of the range. It will depend on where that Brazilian real lands and that is why we keep that range in place because if it strengthens or stays where it is there is probably some upside on the South American numbers. If it actually devalues, it probably covers some of the bottom part of our ranges and so I can't predict the currencies. So that is why we believe that gap in those ranges there.

That's helpful. And just as a follow-up, this is a terrific year that you are having. But of course we are always looking forward into next year and the sustainability of your earnings growth because you are targeting that 10 plus percent EPS growth. Do you think that is achievable for next year given the very strong year you are having this year?

Well Farha, this is Ilene. Certainly we are not going to give guidance for 2017 yet. But I would say that we are on track with our algorithm -- long-term algorithm that we have been laying out over the past few years and it is working. And when I think about our growth in specialty, very much focused on these consumer trends that are accelerating, we have terrific R&D solutions to work with our customers to become more important to them as we broaden our portfolio, so we see the growth in specialty continuing to be successful and at the same time, we have continuously embarked on cost optimization. And as an example, South America is one place where we have been focused on it for a number of years, energy efficiency, yields and cost optimization and in fact as we have said, shuttering two of our facilities in South America will have an impact in 2017 because they both happen later in the year. So we feel very good about our algorithm for continuing growing as a global ingredients specialty type company and continue to focus on, continue to add shareholder value, use the balance sheet to drive that whole algorithm.

Our next question is from Rob Moskow with Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.

I am also trying to figure out of the benefits here in North America, how much of it is sustainable? And maybe I am just misunderstanding some of the terminology about rebalancing the supply chain but wouldn't rebalancing the supply chain be a sustainable benefit? Like that doesn't go away. But Jack, I thought you kind of said that that was something that was pulled forward into first quarter and therefore kind of a one-time thing? Aren't you continuing to get that benefit going forward?

Rob, let me just clarify that comment slightly differently. It is the fact that when I said, it is sustainable year over year. So I think that is there. I think the issue you have is that there is always a little bit of seasonality in our business in North America and so therefore, when you are running the plants at higher utilizations in the first quarter, you keep your network balanced. Then in the second and third quarter, you were already running them at high utilization rates and so it is just more of the gain of that higher utilization in the first quarter than you will see in the second and third quarter. Does that help you?

I think so. I mean your sales seasonally though in first quarter tend to be below the rest of the year but you are saying you run your plants more during the first quarter to get ready for the summer?

Yes, this year we ran them a little bit harder because of the fact that we were utilizing that capacity to build a bit of inventory for the summer months.

Okay. I think I will bounce off of that one. And then also has anything changed regarding your expectations for Argentina in the back half? I think you were talking of more optimism about what the sugar markets might do for your pricing power. Are you still expecting sugar to leave the country and therefore improve pricing power for HFCS?

Yes, our expectations remain the same in Argentina. I would say that the only thing that we are trying to track is timing there. I think that there you've got until May some time that price controls should be coming off and then essentially what we will see is whether the sugar is leaving the country and rebalancing. Because it makes sense for it to leave the country with the world price of sugar today. And that Argentina is primarily that HFCS market. That is why we are talking about sugar there. And so it is just a timing issue is whether it happens, we have it planned kind of in the second half of the year but if it comes a little bit later, closer to the fourth quarter, it could push down our pricing a little bit. But I don't see it as a major concern to us and it is covered in our range right now.

Can I ask a follow-up for Ilene? This year is coming in above expectations, last year also did. Have you thought further about your CapEx spending plan and your specialty starch kind of longer-term expansion plans? Would you consider increasing it based on how well things are going or is it just your existing CapEx budget is what you are going on?

We always look at spending our capital in the optimal way and making choices and so of course maintaining our plants is important for quality and reliability. Cost reduction is one thing there. But what I love about our business and our footprint is that in order to satisfy growth and demand for let's say specialty products in different parts of the world, we can redirect capital towards our finishing channels and redirect the grind that might come off of core type products by adding a finishing channel. So it is not so much of having to make a decision whether to raise the capital, I mean these are approximate numbers, but rather the priority of how we spend it. And so we can and have the capability to add capacity for these finishing channels to be able to have the capability to satisfy these consumer trends that are growing. So as an example when I mentioned the Indianapolis project that we mentioned of specialty capacity in the starch area coming online, we had announced that investment about 18 months ago and now we are in the startup mode and it is coming into fruition. So it is those type of investments. We have a similar one going on right now in Asia that will come online later in the year as part of that announced addition so again these are investments that can come on quite quickly. I think 18 months is quite quickly. As a result because we do have the front end grind available in different parts of the world. So we could raise the capital if the demand was growing but I think at the same time, we have to have the features but we also have to be efficient in what we are doing. Another example is in Europe. One of the results of adding capacity to our starch where we treat the starch with heat instead of enzymes focused on the clean label, capacity that we added a couple of years ago, we are able to get out more capacity than originally thought and so we are more efficient and we are able to grow with the market without spending capital. So there's all sorts of ways to think about and be efficient about investing that capital.

Great. Thank you very much.

Our next question is from Adam Kendrick with Morningstar. Please go ahead.

Good morning. I would like to circle back on the very big jump in the margins. And if you could maybe give us some indication of how the split between specialty and core went. So if you can actually tell us what percentage of sales were specialty and core in Q1 compared to Q1 2015? Was there a very substantial jump in the share of sales taken by specialty? Is that what is behind one of the reasons for the very big margin jump?

Let me take that question. First of all, we don't break out our specialty and core ingredients splits or anything like that and last year as we've said we were around 25% specialty. And if you think about our specialty growth, we have commented that they should be in the mid to high single digit type of ranges and I think we are tracking fairly well in the first quarter with those type of components. In our core ingredients, what you have seen is that as the growth was as we exited our Port Colborne facility through that sale, what we have seen is the trade up within some of our core ingredients as well which improved our profitability or improved our margins there as well particularly in North America. So we were very pleased with both the margin improvements in both specialty and core this year and most of the growth is coming out of our specialty ingredients as we move those forward.

The thing I would add is that also recall that those acquisitions that we announced last year, we really did not own first quarter last year so it is not a huge piece but it is certainly important that added to our margin and our specialty mix. Penford would be potato starch, gluten free non GMO and then the Kerr Concentrates again fruit type products also a non GMO focused on different types of smoothies and frozen novelties.

I was aware of the there is a very big difference in the sizes of these two acquisitions. Obviously we have cycled Penford already. But if you look for the next nine months we will still have some impact from Kerr but Kerr is only 15% of the sales of Penford so that is not really going to be very much of a driver in the remaining three quarters.

Penford, you are right. This was I call it a free quarter because by closing March 11 it wasn't in first quarter, you are right, Kerr is small but of course our organic portfolio, our R&D investment of $40 million, $42 million is going towards developing solutions for our customers with these on trend investments and capacity that we are bringing on to satisfy this specialty mix certainly will be a factor as we build on our growth algorithm.

Just one other point of clarification as well and I just want to make sure because we have commented on this in the past and sometimes it is good to reiterate some of our comments. Is when we are looking at the valuations in our core ingredients, our raw material increases and things, effectively we usually price through to keep a constant dollar margin. And so while we had foreign exchange headwinds in the quarter, we passed most of those through but at a margin level, not at the sales level. And that has a tendency of improving the margins as a percentage as well. And so there is a little bit of lift on those margins as a percentage of revenues just from that component as well.

Sure. Then I have another question well a related question actually on slide 10 because you show the operating income bridge. But correct me if I am wrong, but I understand that this is actually at current exchange rate so the gap between $157 million of Q1 adjusted and $201 million we have this year is based on different exchange rate. So I am just wondering I mean obviously if you look at slide eight, obviously foreign exchange had a very negative impact on your sales and had a very negative impact on the bottom line so I am guessing it must have had a very negative impact on the EBIT bridge. And so the $43 million improvement would have been even bigger had exchange rates not moved at all so we are looking at an even bigger underlying boost to your margins in Q1. Is that correct?

Let me just reiterate a couple of comments that we have stated in the past as well. When there is a devaluation particularly in our South American region, if you look on chart 9, there is about a 22% price increase there. Some of that is to offset that devaluation because given the input of both our investments, the raw material being corn which is a U.S. denominated commodity principally and energy costs being principally U.S. denominated to a large extent although there's local issues associated with it, we are pricing through those devaluations to a large extent. That is one of the things that I think makes our business somewhat unique is we always talk in U.S. dollars, we always maintain it there. I'm sure in Europe maybe a completely a euro zone where people thinking euros, and raw materials are in euros but to a large extent we actually think in terms of dollars and try to get our pricing back and getting the margins there. And even in North America, I commented in the script that a large part of our revenue base whether it be in Mexico or Canada is in dollars as well and so therefore, I don't want to say that the earnings would go up dramatically without the devaluation. The thing we do indicate is that usually is about a three to six month lag before we can get those evaluations passed through in terms of our margin. And I think that is a very important thing for people to recognize as they evaluate our business which is somewhat unique to some other people who try to restate based off of just constant exchange rates.

Sure, that is helpful. Thanks.

Our next is from Akshay Jagdale with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

So just wanted to touch on North America in a different way. Clearly the results there are great. I just wanted to ask a longer-term question on the core business in North America if I may. So corn prices are at multi-year lows and utilization rates are about as high as they have been for corn wet millers or so it seems. Can you just talk long-term about the long-term sustainability of the core business margins here? That is my first question.

Thank you very much for that question. I think if I look at North America and as you mentioned, it is in fairly good balance in terms of supply demand. I think the demand is moving fairly well and think there's a lot of growth opportunities even in the core ingredients area and the utilizations in the industry are quite high. Corn being below $4 means that a substitute type of products whether it be sugar, whether it be soy or anything else or wheat types of starches, are very competitive with our corn refined type of products, can be very competitive in those marketplaces. So the outlook, assuming that there is --I'm always worried about the meteorite that could hit someplace in the business but fundamentally I would say that the industry itself is in a fairly good balanced position. Maybe I will ask Ilene to just make a couple of comments.

The other thing I would add is that you know the way that we are set up with our footprint that we are able to redirect our capacity to specialty products and so if you take North America with a growing Mexican economy, the growth in specialty in Mexico driven by the awareness of Mexicans to eat healthy, some obesity taxes. But even in North America, the consumer is wanting healthy food and ingredients that we can redirect our capacity by adding finishing channels that we talked about a little bit earlier. So you know you are asking questions about core in the future but I think of the whole system and that our strategy is really to grow the specialty and so our goal is really to satisfy the customers' needs with a portfolio of products and growing specialty continues to be the primary importance and we have the footprint and manufacturing capability to do that.

That is helpful. So just another way to I guess comment on sustainability. So to really derail the long-term algorithm for North America from an EBIT growth perspective and nobody can predict shocks but really for that to happen you would have to see somebody put up a big plant, a corn wet milling plant which I don't think has happened in multiple, multiple decades. In fact, we have seen closures. Is that sort of in terms of to significantly alter North America that would be the biggest risk, right? You are adding specialty capacity and the mix is improving every, single year and you've got the Mexico becoming a bigger piece as well. So is that sort of one of the biggest risks that you would say could alter potentially the long-term algorithm in North America?

Obviously we can't comment on what our competitors are thinking in terms of capacity or anything like that in the industry. But my guess is though if you had it on placement value basis, returns probably wouldn't justify a new facility in the industry or anything like that. So I just think if the demand is relatively in balance with supply, I don't see any reason that would drive further changes in those type of area, so I guess obviously there is a lot of competition in the specialty area and there is continuing changing trends in the food industry and there is a lot of competing products in this business. And so therefore, I think that the industry itself is faced with continuing to innovate to continuing to drive new growth opportunities. I think that is the biggest stress that we are trying to deal with and that is why we continue to invest in our R&D and some of those capabilities for our future so that we can develop products that are on trend.

And just one on specialty, can you give us an update on Penford specifically, the specialty portfolio? I know there were some products in the pipeline when you bought it that were close to commercialization. So you have held it for almost a year now so over a year now so can you give us an update on that specialty portfolio for Penford? And it seems like Kerr's margins are slightly lower than the 2 times core that you generally talked about. So maybe you can comment on that. And lastly, just on this China deal how does that fit into the whole specialty portfolio? I don't really know much about that business so any color there would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

Sure. We are one year into Penford probably just over six, seven months for Kerr. But Penford, the portfolio is terrific in terms of having potato starch as a manufacturer as part of our portfolio. We are excited about the specialty portfolio. We are still learning and integrating that and certainly the incremental synergies that we talked about today came from the cost synergies in the areas of supply chain and procurement that we talked about before. But our focus on potato as gluten-free and non-GMO continues to be an exciting part of the portfolio. As I've talked about before, there were some biomaterials dilutions that Penford was very focused on like in liquid natural polymers and bio-adhesives and we continue to bring those to market. So we are excited about the specialty portfolio of Penford. Kerr, again, it is still early days but we see the whole berry side enhancing our portfolio and so our ability to formulate with starches and take berries and create recipes for our customers is again non-GMO very, very exciting. The China part of your question, this acquisition that is pending regulatory approval is exciting because this company has been a supplier to our totally focus of specialty food in China. And so it will enhance our capability to grow that business. And so again, we are very much focused on the specialty foods side of the business and this will be an enabler to have the capability to have the front end supply side. And so we are excited about being a more important supplier to food companies in China where they are looking for solutions as an example on the dairy side of the business, starches for dairy that are healthy. This will enhance our capability to grow that even more with our capacity.

And next go to Kem Zaslow with BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Good morning, everyone. So let me just ask you on the guidance, you kind of give us with each of the segments a little bit up, a little bit down and but North America you would say is going to be up. Can you give us an order of magnitude because obviously going from 102 to 150 or 149 is a big difference between up and up. So can you give us a little bit more color on how you are thinking about North America in terms of the 2016 up number?

I would say that first of all, the quarter itself I want to reiterate we had Penford lapping this quarter so therefore we were advantaged through that so that was what Ilene said was a give me type of thing. The quarter itself had a few one-time benefits in it. But we do see North America having a very strong year. I think that the year is basically predicated on North America. It continues to grow in terms of its specialty business, it continues to execute extremely well on its cost management throughout the segment. So it is going to be up very solidly this year.

In terms of Mexican exports were exports in the U.S. to Mexico in terms of high fructose corn syrup, that seemed to have been strong, do you know how much that contributed to utilization rates and how you think about that going forward?

You know, I think for us, Ken, one of the things with our network optimization is many of the other participants are actually supplying more into Mexico than we are at this point in time. If you recall, we have our own local production down in Mexico which is really servicing that marketplace, and you are right, the exports into Mexico have gone up. I haven't been tracking it nearly as closely as I used to but they have been up by the USDA numbers and so my expectation is that will continue as well. Utilization is fairly tight within the industry.

And just making sure on North America, there was nothing in the quarter -- when you talk about the distribution around the year filling it in and out of second quarter, I get that but there is nothing in the quarter that goes away in 2017, is that fair?

I would say that the only thing that could potentially go away is the mild weather that we had in the first quarter. There is always a whether issue and a few things like that or energy rates could move around on us. But fundamentally the fundamentals basically should be the same next year.

If you got higher pricing in 2017, you would get an increase and if you did cost savings on that 149 number would go higher in 2017?

We don't give guidance on 2017 yet. I would say that fundamentally at this point in time, I can't see major changes in the quarters.

And I would say that we talked about the capacity coming on in 2016 in the specialty area and so our expectation is to grow in the specialty area continue along that trajectory for 2016 and 2017.

And my last question is, in terms of Argentina, you alluded to it but just making sure, you still expect that business to get to how big and is there any change in the expectation of that?

I think this year we said it would be relatively flat to last year which is in that $25 million to $30 million range of EBIT. What we have said is it we will return back to a more normalized profitability but we are kind of watching those government policies and how sugar gets exported and things like that to give better timing on that. It could be pushed a few months as it starts to move forward and then the real issue is does that economy really stabilize for the longer term? Because I would like to reiterate that it is a very good corn position in terms of raw material sourcing. It should have a good position against sugar for its HFCS demand and it is really getting the cost under control in terms of the environment there because it is still a heavy inflationary environment. So I'm not going to predict when exactly that economy will return whether it is 2017 or 2018 at this point in time.

Great, I appreciate it.

Our next question is from Adam Samuelsson with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Thanks, good morning everyone. A lot of ground has been covered this morning. Wanted to maybe follow up though on the idea about the competitive landscape. And, Ilene, you referenced opportunities to change finishing channels and direct more of your starts into specialty arenas. And I am trying to think about why your competitors wouldn't be targeting some of the same opportunities as you are especially as you think they should be more HFCS heavy than yourselves at this point. You would think that more starts that they have opportunities to redirect and thinking about in terms of the competitive landscape over the medium term wouldn't be something you are maybe more worried about?

Look, we have some great competitors but we have a great R&D portfolio with technology and people and knowhow with many years of experience and great customer relationships that have been built up over many years. And so as Ingredion combination of corn products, national starch, we have become even more important to our customers working on different challenges that they have brought to us. So we use our R&D knowhow and capability to develop those solutions and work closely with our customers that competitors do something where they have expertise but we are the texture leader and have many years of experience in that area. And now that we are broadening our portfolio with other raw materials to solve the problem, we have been in non GMO for 10 years. We have capability to modify starch with key in set of enzymes. That type of technology and knowhow is very valuable to address the consumer trends like clean labels. We continue to build on that.

And then maybe switching gears to capital allocation, maybe just a comment on the M&A landscape as you see it today? And second, I think you referenced in the guidance the share count this year 73, 74 which could actually imply some share creep and I am wondering given the cash and cash flow position why you wouldn't at a minimum offset dilution this year?

I will start with M&A and then I will turn over the share count to Jack. Look, the pipeline continues to be robust and I've talked about this before and I spent a lot of time looking and meeting with different candidates and again, we look at M&A around the world, the priority being to broadened the portfolio and what are the features that we could acquire for the right value proposition as we bring it on and we are more important to our customers, we can create these solutions. And several of these companies, some of them are publicly traded, many of them are divisions of larger companies or privately held so we want to do the right thing in terms of building the relationships overtime. So we continue to work that but again, we have a track record of making them at the right value proposition, valuing people and technology and bringing it into our portfolio even as evidenced today as talking about Penford how it has gone well and we are very methodical about how we analyze the opportunity. So I am excited. We have a great balance sheet but we also are patient and want to do the right thing and so while we have done some bolt ons, this China one for Shandong Huanong is a bolt-on. There are other bolt-ons that we look at and again, the sweet spot being the $300 million to $500 million. Jack, do want to address the other part of the question?

Just to address the share count, one of the things we look at all the time is how we buy back that dilution over a period of time where executives get share compensation and we monetize it. And it is a timing item where it obviously depends on the days outstanding and all those type of areas so there may be a little bit of creep in one year and we will make up for the following year or at the appropriate time. I do think that we continue to look at shareholder friendly ways to return money to our shareholders and that is one of the reasons I commented also on the dividend policy as we continue to look at say as our earnings grow, we should be looking at those annual increases of our dividend to reflect that payout ratio as well. And so we are very comfortable with our cash flows at this point in time and so we anticipate that as we look into the future we will continue to look to keep that dividend payout ratio very solid.

All right. Thank you.

And we will next go to Brett Hundley with BB&T Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to go back to North America, Jack, and maybe if I look at the strength in Q1, so the $47 million increase in EBIT year on year. If I think about quote unquote one-time benefits in that quarter relative to the rest of this year, can you maybe give us a sense of what percentage of that $47 million increase might have been more one-timeish in nature versus what we might want to flow through the rest of the year? And maybe underneath that dynamic, can we maybe isolate Penford synergies and Port Colborne? You talked on your Q4 call about expected savings around $8 million from Port Colborne. Did you realize the majority of those savings in Q1? And then with Penford looking for maybe 15 million in synergies this year, did a majority of those synergies come in Q1? That would be helpful.

Let me start with the synergy question and we are actually -- what we are seeing is we are getting up to that $25 million run rate of synergies compared to the prior year. So it will depend on when we recognize them last year in terms of the comp but they will be fully recognized as we move forward at those type of rates. So you can think of it as a couple of million dollars a month of synergies that we are getting out of there. In addition, Brett, just to remind you that we didn't have the comps for the Penford earnings in the first quarter so the full $47 million won't be delayed -- every quarter or anything like that. And then let me just explain, I do want to address this Port Colborne issue because I think it is important. When we talked about $8 million, it was really the fixed cost we were taking out of Port Colborne on an annualized basis and we are moving some of the volume obviously where we are shedding and things like that as well. I think that we are still going to see some of that benefit spread into the other quarters. What really transpired was is we were able to get the utilization of the other facilities up in that first quarter which will not be repetitive particularly in the second and third quarter. It may happen again in the fourth quarter depending on supply and demand at that point in time. So some of that was even additive I would say to the $8 million and that is my we moved our guidance up a little bit because I think when we originally looked at that business, we were thinking about just setting that $8 million and getting the benefit of the fixed cost and really what we found is that the incremental logistics cost and things like that did not set the volume that we were able to run through the facilities. And so we did get some uptick in terms of that in addition to the $8 million. So I hope that helps your thoughts there.

Yes, I appreciate it. Just a final follow-up for you on the region, going back to Farha's question and she was asking about possible continuation of double-digit earnings growth off of what is becoming a really strong base here. And I think at least in the way I think about it, North America should be able to remain strong and then you potentially have South America coming back. But for those of us that have followed the Company for a while, we have seen North American margins go from 11% up towards close to 18%. And if others are like me, I have a really hard time trying to figure out the range in between there and what is quote unquote normalized. And so maybe, Jack, can you give us a sense of what normalized margins might be today? Have you run those scenarios within North America and can margins be sticky closer to the 17%, 18% rather than the 11%, 12% that we might have seen in prior years?

Brett, first, I would like to highlight the fact that we do talk in terms of absolute dollars versus percentages because sometimes when that denominator comes down, you've got to remember when you're talking about the 11%, we had much higher corn costs and that is principally a pass through from our perspective. And so there is some of that component going on as well where your denominator is shrinking. The other component is that just in general, we were seeing our Mexican market very, very strong in terms of growth opportunities. The business is staying strong, we continue to look at that network of facilities that we have to say how do we optimize production processes within North America to drive costs out? And so if you hold off the exchange, raw materials constant, the real thing we have is the continual trade up of our product into specialties which is obviously going to continually improve those margins. So I would say that I don't see any dramatic changes except for that trade up strategy to our margin improvement in North America at this point in time. I think that is how I would answer that question.

The other thing I would add is if you think about our long-term algorithm of growing specialties to 30% or so, North America, the Western economies are certainly trending and our goal is to be at that number if not more. South America, while it is growing from a very small base, Europe is a much higher percent and places like China which are smaller are also a higher percent. So as we become more of a specialty ingredient company, North America's percent specialty is going to grow. So we feel good about that and having more capabilities to formulate help us do that and then therefore that helps the whole product mix trade up that Jack has been talking about.

I appreciate that. Quickly, do you guys think that you are being as aggressive or as focused on network optimization in North America as you are within South America?

I would say yes as evidenced by selling the Port Colborne facility. It is just part of our job to constantly look at those opportunities. We were successful, we brought on National Starch. As we talked about some of the synergies, we are moving specks around. We took a small piece of capacity outside off of Indianapolis a number of years ago. So we are constantly looking at ways to optimize that absolutely. In fact, North America was leading and now South America is basically consistent with the factors in the different regions.

Our final question will come from the line of Sandy Klugman with Vertical Research. Please go ahead.

Good morning, thank you. Outside of the impact on the currency, is there any insight into how the current political climate and potential changes in Brazil could impact the business going forward?

I think it is still early. We continue to hear about local consumption of food. I think beer is down a little bit though I heard in April the consumption was okay in food in different products. So we don't really know politically what the impact will be but we do know for our business in food, that is one of the things we love about the business is that people eat and drink no matter what is happening in the economy. Jack, anything you want to add?

I think the Mayor in Rio de Janeiro has kind of taken control of the Olympics and so that seems like it is progressing very well. And it is kind of always interesting to me the underlying economy still seems to function and even though it is challenged with headwinds in terms of the individuals who you see the GDP continuing to fall partially because of the energy complex, but the real has strengthened. I don't know that is because of the fact price of oil went up or because of the political situation, there's a lot of different dynamics working on it. I do think in the longer-term though that if you look at Brazil, the fundamental population is still very young, it is a very industrious population and we are very optimistic in terms of the longer-term growth view in Brazil and we do think it will return to its growth days, maybe not the go-go days of a few years back but certainly a very growth and high consumption type of marketplace for us.

We see some growth in specialty products in Brazil. Again, it is small but focus on dairy, even gluten-free and other sweeteners, low-calorie sweeteners are growing there. So there is a large interest in healthy food.

Okay, great. And then a follow-up on Argentina, the valuation obviously provides some great benefits to the business. But do you see any potential offsets evolving over the long-term from wage inflation or are there any other issues that we should take into consideration when looking at the region?

I would say that is one of the things we are tracking very closely there is we are seeing the original devaluation and a continual devaluation of that currency. We have also seen inflation particularly driven by the fact that it is one of the few places in the world we have seen energy prices actually rising at the consumer level partially because they are taking off subsidies of the past. And so there is a lot of dynamics going on in that marketplace. We continually watch our wages in terms of where we are having negotiations down there with our unions and things like that. And so the cost equation in Argentina has not quite equalized where I always think of the valuation and inflation kind of getting back in check. It is not quite there yet. I think the policy that Macri is putting in place kind of lead to that movement. I would like to see it happen faster from my viewpoint but he has made right steps and kind of reconciled to some of the bondholders and things like that. So the trajectory is right but there will be a lot that is why we say the volatility in Argentina will still exist for the next little while.

Thank you very much.

I will turn it back to the company for any closing comments.

Before we sign off, I will reiterate our confidence in our business model, strategy and long term outlook. We remain keenly focused on value creation and delivering that value to shareholders. That brings our first quarter 2016 earnings call to a close. Thanks again for your time today.

Ladies and gentlemen, that does conclude your conference. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.