Greetings, and welcome to Hain Celestial Fourth Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. [Operator Instructions]. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn this conference over to your host, Mr. Chris Mandeville, Managing Director of Investor Relations at ICR. Thank you. Sir, you may begin your presentation at this time.

Good morning, and thank you for joining us on Hain Celestial's fourth quarter and fiscal year 2022 earnings conference call. On the call today are Mark Schiller, President and Chief Executive Officer; and Chris Bellairs, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. During the course of this call, management may make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These include expectations and assumptions regarding the company's future operations and financial performance. These statements are based on management's current expectations and involve risks and uncertainties that could differ materially from actual events and those described in these forward-looking statements. Please refer to Hain Celestial's annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and other reports filed from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as its press release issued this morning for a detailed discussion of the risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements made today. The company has also prepared a few presentation slides inclusive of additional supplemental financial information, which are posted on Hain Celestial's Web site under the Investor Relations heading. Please note, management's remarks today will focus on non-GAAP or adjusted financial measures. Reconciliations of GAAP results to non-GAAP financial measures are available in the earnings release and the slide presentation accompanying this call. This call is being webcast, and an archive of it will be made available on the Web site. And now, I'd like to turn the call over to Mark Schiller.

Thank you, Chris, and good morning. On today's call, Chris Bellairs and I will give you some color on the Q4 fiscal year '22 performance and our fiscal '23 plans. Let me start by reflecting on the year we just ended. Without a doubt, it was certainly a difficult business environment. The year began with continued COVID challenges and progressed with extremely high inflation, substantial supply disruptions, and a war that materially impacted the global food industry, especially in Europe. Earlier in the year, we laid out our Hain 3.0 long-term growth strategy. However, as the macro issues emerged, we had to pivot quickly to address the unforeseen obstacles in our path. I want to thank the Hain team for their hard work and resilience over this past year. I also want to reiterate that despite the short-term volatility, we remain confident in our Hain 3.0 strategy, our brands and our team. Several weeks ago, we communicated our Q4 results in a preannouncement, and our final audited financials are in line with that release. We outlined several key drivers of the shortfall. First, in international, softness versus year ago was driven by Forex, macroeconomic issues and weaker plant-based categories. Second, in North America, we had supply chain disruptions and increased inflation costs. And third, we made a proactive decision to exit some unproductive brands and SKUs. We also highlighted the strength and momentum of our growth brands in the U.S. While we're certainly not content with our Q4 results, we remain confident in the underlying strength of our business. There are numerous examples of brand momentum, stronger customer relationships, a more nimble supply chain and intensified focus on productivity agenda, all of which bode well for Hain's future. Let me unpack our results for you starting with North America. Within…

Thanks, Mark, and good morning, everyone. Consistent with our preannounced earnings, fourth quarter consolidated net sales increased 1.4% year-over-year to $457 million. Foreign exchange was a material headwind, reducing reported net sales by approximately 440 basis points. Strong momentum continued in North America with reported and adjusted net sales increasing 17% and 6%, respectively. Net sales in the international operating segments, however, was significantly below our expectations, falling more than 18% versus prior year including a 930 basis point currency translation headwind. In the UK where the entire grocery store declined in Q3, the recovery in Q4 was more muted than our forecasts, and our non-dairy beverage business in Europe was hindered by a rapid deceleration in category growth. Adjusted gross margin was 19.4% in the fourth quarter, approximately 630 basis points lower than the prior year period. In the quarter, we proactively eliminated unprofitable SKUs and obsolete inventory on our North American sanitizer business, resulting in an approximate $10 million reduction to gross profit. Excluding that write off, adjusted gross margins would have been approximately 22%. Similar to net sales, international adjusted gross margins were below our expectations at 18.3%, 890 basis points below prior year. Our challenges were most pronounced in the non-dairy beverage category with declining volumes resulted in significant deleverage in our manufacturing facilities. Total SG&A, including marketing, came in at 15.2% of net sales for the quarter, benefiting from continued aggressive cost management. Adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter was $35.4 million versus $68.1 million in the prior year. The year-over-year decrease was due to raw material and finished goods inflation, ongoing supply chain disruptions, and the approximate $10 million write off, partially offset by price increases we've taken year-to-date and supply chain productivity. Our adjusted fourth quarter EPS of $0.08 decreased compared to $0.39…

Hopefully, we've provided a better understanding of our performance and our go-forward plan for fiscal '23. We remain confident in our strategy, our brands and our team and look forward to strengthening performance this year. Let me now turn it over to the operator so we can take your questions.

At this time, we'll be conducting a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions]. Our first question comes from the line of Andrew Lazar with Barclays. You may proceed with your question.

Thanks. Good morning, Mark and Chris.

Good morning, Andrew.

Good morning, Andrew.

Just to start off, I think when Hain preannounced 4Q results a couple of weeks ago, as you mentioned, you're looking for a low single digit rise in constant currency adjusted EBITD in '23. And then today, it's sort of minus 1% to up 4%, so widened a bit the range on both ends. I certainly appreciate it's a pretty tough environment to be forecasting a full year at this point. But I guess what changed in just the past few weeks that caused you to sort of widen the range and be potentially more cautious on the low end?

Yes, I'll take that. Normally, we give a range versus just guiding to a low single digit number. So we felt that was in line with what we had done historically and would have been unusual had we not given a range. I think whether you're looking at low single digit or you're looking at minus 1% to plus 4%, I think the message is still the same. It's a very volatile environment in Europe, with a lot of moving parts that are going to make it challenging for us to forecast there. I think we have more confidence and visibility to what's going on in North America. So there's no message in there, Andrew, other than we were just trying to give you guys a range.

Got it. Thanks for that. And then, others have talked about it taking longer these days in Europe to convert sort of dairy milk drinkers to plant-based options. Is that what the issue is for you as well, and that we're just seeing that this category is turning out to be maybe more discretionary than we might have thought? Or is there an issue really more specifically with your brands or business in the space? And if you could remind me, what percent of your business in Europe in plant-based is co-man for others versus sort of branded? Thanks so much.

Yes. So, Andrew, remember, we have both plant-based meat and non-dairy beverage. On the plant-based meat side, which is in the UK, it's obviously been a soft category for a while, and that's well publicized. Whether that is a phenomena of kind of the ups and downs of COVID and recession is something we're analyzing. But we're performing in line with the category which has been struggling. In Europe where it's almost all plant-based beverage, it's about three quarters co-man private label and one quarter branded. And the category had been growing mid high single digits for the first three quarters of the year and dropped fairly considerably in the fourth quarter. So we think some of that is a function of recession. We don't think that's a long-term change in the trajectory of the category. We still have confidence in the category. But it did create less orders coming in from customers than we had anticipated, and created some stranded overhead that was part of the softness that you saw in Q4.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Michael Lavery with Piper Sandler. You may proceed with your question.

Thank you. Good morning.

Good morning.

Good morning.

You mentioned the pricing for fiscal '23 is more concentrated versus fiscal '22 and that you've got about 90% of it already through. But I would imagine around this time last year, you had pricing -- you ended up doing that you may not have anticipated. And so I guess I just want to understand when you say that, do you feel like you're hitting sort of a pricing ceiling or is it just that at the moment, you don't have expectations for further pricing? And if necessary, it will go right through?

Yes. So to clarify, we are about 90% covered in the U.S. and the UK. We're in the midst of negotiating Canada and the pricing in Europe, because again, we have private label and co-man contracts. Those expire in January. So we're actually negotiating those now for Q3. It's very hard to break a contract on private label, because if you do, you're going to lose that contract when it comes up for bid. So there's certainly been a lag on the pricing in the co-man part of the business. We feel that the pricing that we've taken covers the visible inflation that we know of right now in the UK and the U.S. So if inflation goes up from here, we'll take more pricing. If it goes down from here, we'll see what the market does in terms of whether we keep that pricing or we have to spend some of it back. But what we're trying to do is cover the inflation that we know of. And I'm actually very encouraged that we took two pretty sizable increases. And you'll recall in the UK, we had to stop shipping for a while to get those increases through in Q3. They went through just fine in Q1, because again, when the energy costs going up and costs across everything going up, I think retailers have accepted the fact that inflation is here to stay and that we've got to all collectively pass some of that on to the consumer. So it's not a question of us believing we've hit a ceiling, it's a question of us just trying to price to cover the inflation that we have.

Okay, that's helpful color. And then just on the UK consumer with total grocery down 7% and then down 1%, can you just help us understand what the consumer dynamics are there? I assume it's not more favorable from a price or a cost perspective for them to be eating out. But is it pantry deloading primarily? Are the Brits just losing weight? What's the consumer behavior that you're seeing that's behind all that?

Yes. So if you go back to our Q3 call, you'll remember that we had a very large COVID overlap. And the overlap got easier in Q4. So we knew that it was going to get better. And it did. And we did as well. But they're still down. And I think part of it is, we're sitting in the summer. People are overcoming the COVID lockdown from last year. I think as we get into colder winter, people will spend a lot more time at home than they are now. So you've got eating occasions that have actually left the house versus year ago now, which is part of the softness that we're seeing. But it is a very recessionary environment. We're seeing 10% inflation in the UK with projections that may go as high as 18%. So what does that mean? It means consumers will ultimately eat out less and eat more at home that bodes well for the trend continuing to improve. But I think part of it, again, is just the dynamic of COVID overlap, and I'll call it just the relief of being able to go outside now whereas last year, you were locked up inside. So it's volatile. It's going to change, but it should change for the better. And that's part of our expectation in '23 is that the store will continue to recover. And as pricing gets reflected across everything, dollar sales will go up. We're still watching unit sales very closely, because we self manufacture almost everything. And we are focused on whether or not we're going to have deleverage of units continue to decline, which was part of the issue in Q4.

Okay, that's really helpful color again. If the sort of reopening bubble getting back out of the house gets popped by inflation, it sounds like some of that's your expectation, how big of a tailwind could that be? I know it's hard to forecast and clearly you reflect that with a wide range on guidance. So I know it's not very specific. But is the expectation that the grocery sales in total and, of course, yours accordingly start to really get some wind at their back coming in to the kind of the school year?

So I would expect more people eating at home. But I would also expect trading down to private label. Remember, in the UK, private label can be 30%, 40% of a category. So it's much more developed there than it is here. It's much more accepted by consumers. So historical recessions, which suggests that consumers are going to trade down, in some cases that will benefit us where we may be the opening branded price point in a category and other cases, maybe not so much. So it's going to be a positive in terms of more eating occasions at home. It may be a net negative in terms of people trading down. And so we'll do our best and watch that. But candidly, the widened guidance is more a function of energy costs that are exploding. And just in the last 10 days, because of what's going on with Russia and then saying they're going to shut the pipeline for maintenance, which there's an expectation, it may not come back up on time, because they're trying to make a statement to the West. Energy cost in the last 10 days has gone up 35% in Europe. And so there's going to be a lot of volatility in costs that are going to make that total international algorithm volatile. We have more confidence in the top line in the UK. Obviously, the plant-based category and the energy are going to give us a lot of volatility in Europe.

Okay. Thanks so much.

Our next question comes from the line of Ken Goldman with JPMorgan. You may proceed with your question.

Hi. Thank you. It's Anoori on for Ken. Good morning. I wanted to ask about your outlook for inflation. So mid teens is maybe a little bit higher than what we were expecting. So could you just maybe give us the major buckets of what is driving that outlook and what level of visibility you have on that for the rest of the year?

Yes. So in North America, I'd say there's a couple of primary drivers, although everything is double digit inflation. The biggest ones are vegetables and oils, which, because a lot of the sunflower oil comes out of Ukraine and demand is high, everybody that was making things with sunflower oil have had to switch to other oils. So again, it's supply and demand where we've seen 70%, 80% increases in oil prices. Vegetables are also highly inflationary. We're waiting for the crops to come in to see if those come down a bit. But those and co-manufacturers who are having their own challenges, and remember our North America model is almost half of our volume is co-manufacturer, we're getting significant inflation from co-manufacturers. In Europe, the inflation is again primarily energy, which has skyrocketed and it's now -- I think in the UK, it's now 3x what it was a year ago. The good news on energy, which is important to our algorithm, is we are 100% locked in on energy in the UK for the entire year. And we're locked in at about 60% below the current market price, which is we definitely bought at the right time and we're very encouraged by that. In Europe, we're locked in for the first half of the year, and you cannot get contracts right now, because it's such a volatile environment. So we are open on the second half of the year. And with prices spiking up and down, there's going to be some fairly significant volatility in the back half until we can get locked in with a contract with defined prices. The other thing I would tell you in Europe is the government has now said that if you have a contract, the supplier of the contract can charge a surplus of 2.5% I believe is the number regardless of what the negotiated contract price is, because they're worried about suppliers going out of business. So it's just a very volatile dynamic. Even when you have a contract, the government is stepping in and saying that the provider can raise the cost of that contract. So that's going to be the biggest wildcard and it obviously is very related to Russia and the saber-rattling that's going on there. And we'll have to just see how that plays out. If demand slows, as we get into a more recessionary environment, and Russia keeps the pipeline going, we would expect energy costs to come back down somewhat. This will be highly inflationary, but down versus where they are today. But that's going to create volatility in our algorithm.

Got it. That's very helpful. And then my second question is, in the past, you've talked about 50 million in annual productivity savings. Is this still kind of a good range for fiscal '23? And then lately, you've been using that productivity to offset supply chain disruptions and other costs rather than reinvesting in marketing, as was outlined in your Hain 3.0 strategy. So can you talk about what your expectations are for reinvesting in marketing this year, and your level of confidence in maintaining North America growth with higher pricing and perhaps lower level of reinvestment than you previously expected? Thank you.

Yes. So on productivity, we're still in that 40% to $50 million range. We came in a little bit less than that last year, because of all the supply disruptions and having to reallocate resources to supply as opposed to productivity, but we have a pipeline of 50 million plus. We expect we'll get it 40 million to 50 million executed within the year, and we have put more resources against productivity. And we are very maniacally focused on that, especially now that supply is getting better. Our intent in 3.0 is to invest that productivity in marketing. But until inflation comes down, it's going to be very hard to cover all of the inflation with pricing. We have to watch our price points versus our competitors. We have to watch thresholds. We have to watch consumer behavior. So we're passing on as much pricing as the consumer will accept. And the rest we're going to cover with productivity. And if inflation comes down, as I said, and we don't have to spend it back in trade, we will definitely start investing more in marketing. But our algorithm right now just assumes a modest investment year-over-year in marketing.

Thank you.

[Operator Instructions]. Please limit yourself to one question and one follow up. Our next question comes from the line of Brian Holland with Cowen & Co. You may proceed with your question.

Yes. Thanks. Good morning. I wanted to follow up on Andrew's question earlier about plant-based. Specifically, I believe you have plans to expand capacity in plant-based in Europe looking out into the future. I'm just curious in light of the decel, any change to that approach?

Yes. So we are not expanding capacity right now. When we lost that contract in Q3, it obviously freed up considerable capacity within our current network. So that has been put on hold for the short term. Obviously, we will wait and see how the category unfolds over the next year or two, assuming it returns to growth and assuming that demand exceeds supply, which is what it was happening and that's why we were investing in additional capacity, we'll revisit that decision. But right now, our CapEx year-over-year will be down because we're not making that investment in Europe right now.

Okay. Thanks. And then any update, and forgive me if I missed this on formula shortages in baby and maybe what's embedded in your guidance as far as any supply improvement over the course of the year?

Yes. So we had our six biggest brands in North America, all had supply disruptions in Q4, which is kind of a perfect storm. And despite 17% total sales growth and 15% consumption growth, we weren't able to supply all of that. Most of those have been rectified. And I'll come to your baby question specifically, but I wanted to at least give context to that. And the ones that aren't resolved outside of baby will get resolved almost entirely by the end of Q1. We solved the pouch availability. We solved the aluminum shortage availability on sunscreen. We had some issues on sensible portions with oil availability and pellet availability. Remember, we're buying organic oil, which is a more niche part of the market. So when there's shortages of supply, some of those ingredients get tougher to get. But within baby, we've had two issues, pouches and formula. The pouch issue has been resolved by the end -- by the end of Q1, it will be resolved. We brought on a third pouch supplier. And we will be back in stock with our retailers in the second quarter, and that will be a tailwind for us versus what had been a headwind throughout the last three quarters of fiscal '22. On formula, there is just a worldwide shortage. We co-manufacture our formula. As you all have heard in the press, there isn't enough formula. The government has stepped in and is basically telling the manufacturers of formula what they need to make and who they need to sell to. They're prioritizing WIC customers first, which you would expect the government to do. So we're selling everything we can make. But we are going to have a continued gap between the demand on formula and what we will be able to supply. So that's one that we would expect will continue to be hand to mouth for much of the year.

I'll leave it there. Thanks.

Our next question comes from the line of David Palmer with Evercore ISI. You may proceed with your question.

Thanks. I guess I'm curious about your plans for growth. If this were six months ago, maybe you would have been thinking about fiscal '23 as leaning in on top line growth initiatives, innovation, reinvestment in marketing. I'm wondering how you're thinking about that in light of the fact that you have some supply chain constraints and you mentioned some of the issues with regard to the consumer? Any quantification of marketing spend and innovation introductions in fiscal '23 versus fiscal '22 would be helpful?

Yes. So as I said in the prepared remarks, we're going to consider this another transition between Hain 2.0 and 3.0 because of all the things that you just mentioned. And until inflation comes down, our ability to really make a significant investment in marketing is going to be somewhat constrained. That said, we do have a lot of momentum on these brands. We are continuing to support them. And you see it in the consumption numbers that we're doing quite well in terms of the growth of the brands, particularly in North America. We are innovating. Our innovation continues to be really strong in terms of performance. The puffs that we launched on sensible portions is doing really well. The tea innovation is doing well. Remember, we went into black and green tea and our Tea Well with health and wellness teas. We just launched peanut butter and jelly bites under Earth's Best snacks, which is the highest distribution we've gotten on a new product since I've been here, and it's flying off the shelves where we have it in distribution. We have a men's line on Jason's that is off to a good start. So we're not pulling back at all on innovation. And obviously retailers are, some are taking more innovation, some are taking less. They're doing a lot of resets as you can imagine of shelf tags with all the pricing going on in the industry. But it's a bit choppy in terms of how many are taking innovation, but that's not stopping us from launching it. And as I said, it's going quite well. And one of the other parts of our 3.0 strategy was to start expanding some of this stuff across geography and we are doing that. We're launching Earth's Best into Canada. Linda McCartney is in test in Europe. And we are starting some of the channel expansion stuff work that we talked about in the fourth quarter. We were up 80% in drugstores in North America. We were up 60% in convenience stores. We started to penetrate foodservice. So we feel pretty good about our growth trajectory and the things that we were doing, or said we were going to do for 3.0, with the exception of that increased investment in marketing, all the things that we need to do to drive consumers to our brands and drive ubiquity in terms of distribution across channels and geographies, that is still occurring and that's part of our algorithm.

And then just one more question on just -- from a portfolio repositioning standpoint, you had talked about perhaps becoming more of a pure food play and leaning into plant-based. I wonder -- perhaps I'm just sort of challenging you a little bit on this plant-based, but I wonder how you're really thinking about that today. Do these realities at all shift the way you're thinking about your long-term portfolio repositioning?

So we definitely are going to continue to reshape our portfolio, as we mentioned, on Investor Day last year, and there are active discussions on a number of things within our portfolio. It's a little difficult for buyers to get financing right now. But there's interest in certainly some of the tail brands that we wanted to sell. With regard to plant-based, look, it's been a very volatile two years with COVID and now recession. And so what we're doing is a lot of analytics around are these changes permanent or are these changes temporary? Certainly, the plant-based beverage change just happened in the most recent quarter. It has been a very high growth category for a long time. And so I would say it's very early to make any conclusions around whether the short-term slowdown in Europe is a trend or is going to be a short-term issue. Plant-based proteins has been stopped for a while, and that's something that we're assessing in terms of its importance in our portfolio and whether that remains a turbocharged brand for us. But what I would tell you is the beauty of our portfolio, because we're in so many categories, when one thing performs a little bit worse, then you expect other things to perform better. So while we've been softer on plant-based in North America, as an example, we've been much stronger on baby than we anticipated. Our snacks business has been strong. We're now growing -- I think the most recent four weeks, yogurt was up 20% for us in North America. So the beauty of the portfolio and the complexity that we've been trying to simplify over time is at least we have some things that offset other things when challenges arise. So we continue to assess it. We haven't drawn any specific conclusions relative to our plant-based specifically, but I would tell you that we continue to look to reshape the portfolio and the tail, in particular.

Thanks.

Our next question comes from the line of John Baumgartner with Mizuho. You may proceed with your question.

Good morning. Thanks for the questions.

Good morning.

Maybe first off, Mark, I like to get a better sense of the natural and organic consumer in the U.S. I guess given the eroding financial conditions we're seeing really across peers. And I know your view is the consumer base skews higher income that limits some of the risks. But I think thus far in fiscal Q1, the Nielsen takeaways decelerated, elasticities have gotten a bit worse across a number of the categories. You mentioned the additional pricing here in Q1 as well. So do you think that maybe there's more risk to consumption than traditionally you've seen going back, because even if there isn't a pricing ceiling, I guess per se, I'd imagine risks are growing where folks just sort of trade down to less expensive conventional foods that don't contain artificial ingredients. How do you think about the stresses there going forward?

Yes, it's a great question. Historically, in other recessions, health and wellness has held up nicely. And in Q4, I can tell you, our categories were up 12%, and we were up 15%. So short term, meaning the first seven weeks of this quarter, there is a little bit of softening in both the categories and the units that we're seeing. It's hard to tell. What I would answer the question with is it's a much more affluent consumer who tends to have adopted this as a lifestyle as opposed to just this is something that I'm going to come in and out of. If you've made the decision to buy organic and pay the 30% premium, and you have a six-figure income, the likelihood that you're going to say, I've decided I don't want to eat organic anymore would be lower than other tradeoffs that people are going to make. But I will tell you during the pandemic, we had a lot of people come into the category. Our household penetration is way up. Our buying rate is way up. And so whether all of those people stay or not is something that we're going to watch closely. And we're going to continue to do the things that we need to do to keep those categories and brands robust. The other good news that I would mention is in many cases, even though we're in the premium segment, we tend to be the opening price point in the segment. And so if people do trade down, for example, in something like herbal tea, we're the opening price point. Organic baby food, we're the opening price point. So if you decide within organic that you want to make a trade off, they may come to us. If you decide you're going to leave organic altogether, which again I think is less likely, then we may not benefit. But we'll have to see how that plays out. I'm not going to draw any conclusions based on five weeks or six weeks of data. But we watch it very closely. And we will certainly have a year where we're going to have to watch our prices. And if costs come down, we'll have to adjust our prices. As competitors come down, we'll have to adjust our prices. But right now, we feel like we're very well positioned.

Thanks for that. And just to follow up quickly, sticking with the U.S., are you seeing anything different in terms of the merchandizing of natural and organic foods? I guess presumably across many of these categories, private label is much more developed within NNO relative to the last downturn 15 years ago. Are you seeing anything on retail getting more aggressive promoting private label varieties, or maintain wider price gaps than historical? Just your comments there would be helpful. Thank you.

Yes. So most of our categories don't have a meaningful private label presence, and I can tell you we see no increase in private label share in our categories. So I can speak for the categories that we're in. I can't speak specifically to the macro trends on private label. But thus far, certainly having listened to a lot of our competitors do their earnings calls, it does not yet appear that private label is making significant inroads. But we'll just have to watch that again. And I don't think the consumer in North America has changed their behavior as dramatically as the consumer in Europe is changing their behavior. And Europe is much more used to private label than we are here. Historically, people trade down. And then when recession is over, they trade back up. And so we're watching Europe much more closely than we are here, because again here, it's not a very meaningful part of our categories.

Thanks, Mark.

Our next question comes from the line of Eric Larson with Seaport Research Partners. You may proceed with your question.

All right. Thanks, guys, for squeezing me in here. Two real quick questions, more on the fourth quarter. For the fourth quarter, your consumption growth for Hain growth brands was 15% but your dollar sales were only up 7%. Does that reflect a lag in pricing, or have you -- I can't imagine you over shipped in the first three quarters at all for -- to those supply chain disruptions. Can you bridge that gap for us please?

Yes, it's driven by supply chain disruptions. So formula, we could have sold $15 million more worth the formula if we could have gotten it. So there's -- I'd say of the 15% consumption growth, which was kind of the exhausting of our inventory at retail, we were not able to replenish all of that, as I mentioned. So that's going to be an ongoing gap for us between shipments and consumption. But our other five biggest brands also had some level of supply disruptions that impacted the shipments relative to what the consumption was. So the good news is, there may be an opportunity for us to replenish the retailer's warehouses and shelves with inventory as those supply challenges abate and come back on. But really the gap between the two is the supply disruptions.

Okay. And then as a quick follow up to that then, what is -- in the previous three quarters -- well, I think in the third quarter you highlighted is that you made some very conscious and expensive decisions to make sure that your customers were supplied because you've worked very hard the last four or five years to gain your customers' back as a reliable supplier. Did you -- are those extra expenses to make sure that your customers are supplied, did that continue in the fourth quarter? And are those potential cost tailwinds for '23?

So they did continue in the fourth quarter. But you have certainly seen gas prices come down since the beginning of this quarter that we're in now. So we are starting to see some transportation costs come down, which is a good thing. They're still highly inflated versus a year ago, but down versus Q4. And supply is slowly getting better. So I would expect that as the year progresses, the cost that we've been incurring to address all of the supply disruptions that we would expect that those will be lower this year. It's hard to say exactly what they will be. I don't think there will be zero, because there are still supply disruptions. I can tell you that it's better, but it has not been resolved quite yet. I think if demand comes down considerably across the store, you're going to have much more capacity, which will make it much easier to have service rates that are much higher. But we kept our service rates in the low 90s in Q4. They're now in the mid 90s in Q1. So service is getting better, which means the disruptions are getting lower, which means the costs to keep that supply up are getting lower. So that's a good thing. Still inflationary, but lower than they were in Q4.

Okay. Thanks. I'll follow up with you guys later. Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Anthony Vendetti with Maxim Group. You may proceed with your question.

Thank you. Mark, I was wondering if you could just talk a little bit about the raw material contracts that you have. I know you had to switch out from I guess sunflower oil in Ukraine for different oil for your Terra chips. Can you talk about how many of those -- how many raw material contracts are coming up in the next six months? And sort of what you're looking at as alternatives or what you're expecting in terms of price resets? And is that built into your assumptions at this point?

Yes, so it's a great question. So we have supply contracts that cover us through the first half of the fiscal year for most ingredients, things like packaging, we have contracts that extend farther than that. But we're very crop dependent on a number of things; oils and vegetables, et cetera. And so as those crops come in, and we look at how robust the crops are as well as what the demand is, that will set the prices for us for the next 12 months starting around the middle of our fiscal year. The good news right now is it looks like some of those things are starting to come down in price versus what we have been paying. So for example, in the UK, where we have a big fruit business, we're in jams and preserves, we're seeing a little bit of relief on raspberry prices and strawberry prices versus what we had paid historically. So we're hopeful that we will see some relief. Again, still inflationary, but not as inflationary as it was this past year. But we won't have the answer on that until the crops come in. I would also point out, and this is an important one, because I've talked a lot about energy in Europe, we are trying to convert our plants from natural gas to oil. We need steam to run our factories in Europe to make our plant-based beverages. So we have bought all of the hardware, if you will, to convert from natural gas to steam, which would give us insulation if the natural gas supply is cut off. That's going to take a little while to get it in place. And that would be less inflationary than what we're seeing on natural gas, right. Oil prices are more stable. And so if we can make that conversion, which again probably won't occur until third quarter of this year, that could also be beneficial versus what we're currently paying for energy. So we're trying to find alternatives. You mentioned the sunflower oil. We've converted from sunflower oil to alternate oils. Those have been tested, confirmed, the shelf life the same, the taste profile is the same. And so we're doing things to reformulate to take costs out and ensure a better supply and also give us the opportunity to flex back and forth if all of a sudden sunflower oil becomes much less expensive than the other oils, we can switch back. And having that flexibility going forward gives us a lot more ability to control our costs than we would have had a year ago.

That's really helpful color. And just the last follow up is on the price increases. I know you've taken a couple and the expectation is, we'll take another. Is there -- I guess built into your top line revenue assumptions, there's an expectation that some customers will push back a little bit, even though at this point most have accepted it. Just a little more color on that would be helpful. Is there a point where you feel like you can't go much further?

Well, so there's a customer question and a consumer question. On the customer front to U.S. and UK, we got all the pricing in that we expected. And importantly, in the UK, we did not have to stop shipping like we did in Q3. So that's encouraging that the retailer acceptance in the UK and the U.S. has been very high. Canada, we're still negotiating. That's a tough market, because you have one retailer that has 40% of the market. So we're in the midst of that. And in Europe, where those contracts on plant-based beverages are coming up, we're going to have to rebid for all of those contracts. And we will certainly get some pricing in versus what we've been paying, which will give some relief relative to our P&L. So the second part though is the consumer. And it's too early to tell whether the consumer is going to change behavior, whether they're going to trade down. And so we watch that very closely. And we watch the competitors very closely, right, because if one of our competitors drops their price $1 a unit, we can't be sitting out there $1 higher because people are going to switch from ours to theirs. So we have to watch those gaps. We know who we interact with and who we switch off volume with. So we're watching those competitors closely. And we're watching the consumer closely. And if units start to drop off, we're going to have to make some adjustments in our pricing to make sure that that doesn't happen. So very, very significant focus for us, a lot of resources, who are watching it daily and I can't tell you -- there's probably 5x a week I'm having pricing discussions on various products and brands across the world. And we're all over it. We just have to continue to monitor it.

Excellent. Thanks for all that color. I appreciate it.

Ladies and gentlemen, we have reached the end of today's question-and-answer session. I would like to turn this call back over to Mr. Mark Schiller for closing remarks.

Thank you, guys, all for your interest. And I know we have time set up with many of you later today. So I'll leave it there. And we look forward to talking to you later. Have a great day.

This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation. Enjoy the rest of your day.