Good day, everyone, and welcome to Groupon's Third Quarter 2017 Financial Results Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the company's formal remarks. [Operator Instructions] Today's conference call is being recorded. For opening remarks, I would like to turn the call over to the Vice President of Investor Relations, Deb Schwartz. Please go ahead.

Good morning and welcome to Groupon's third quarter 2017 financial results conference call. On the call today are our CEO, Rich Williams and CFO, Mike Randolfi. The following discussion and responses to your questions reflect management's view as of today, November 1, 2017 only and will include forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. Additional information about risks and other factors that could potentially impact our financial results is included in today's press release and in our filings with the SEC, including our Form 10-K. We encourage investors to use our Investor Relations website as a way of easily finding information about the company. Groupon promptly makes available on this website the reports that the company files or furnishes with the SEC, corporate governance information, and select press releases and social media postings. On the call today, we will also discuss the following non-GAAP financial measures; adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP earnings per share, non-GAAP net income or loss attributable to common stockholders, free cash flow and FX-neutral results. In our press release and our filings with the SEC, each of which is posted on our Investor Relations website, you'll find additional disclosures regarding the non-GAAP measures, including reconciliations of these measures with US GAAP. Unless otherwise stated, all comparisons on this call will be against our results for the comparable period of 2016 and are excluding year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter. And with that, I'm happy to turn the call over to Rich.

Thanks, Deb and good morning, everyone. Our third quarter showed continued progress [indiscernible] into the largest local marketplace of its kind and remaining an essential resource for helping small businesses grow. We move forward on our core strategic initiatives and posted solid results, particularly in North America local and in our international segment, despite some business disruption from a devastating hurricane season that had significant effects on both our merchants and customers in some of our larger North American markets. As we head into the holiday season, we remain focused on running an efficient and effective business, delivering an amazing customer experience and growing the depth and breadth of our platform, all while driving strong gross profit growth. That formula continued to deliver results in the third quarter with $47 million in adjusted EBITDA and gross profit of $309 million, driven largely by the fourth consecutive quarter of local unit acceleration in North America and accelerating local billings. Our platform and business are healthy and tangible gains in our marketplace fundamentals contributed to our results. We added new partners to our marketplace and more great local merchants through our expanded Groupon+ product, both of which helped improve supply on our platform. We also had a strong quarter in national retail, further establishing Groupon as a destination for great brands and offers. All told, in the quarter, we sent more than 4 million people to restaurants, sent more than 1 million fans to live events and sent more than 3 million people to spas, salons and fitness classes. In addition, we saw ongoing improvements in brand awareness from our offline campaign and stronger customer growth from our overall marketing efforts. Importantly, our international business showed improvement after a period of sustained disruption, contributing more than $100 million in gross profit in…

Thanks, Rich. As I discuss the results for the third quarter, note that all comparisons unless otherwise stated refer to year-over-year growth and are FX neutral. For the third quarter, we were pleased that our results were in line with our expectations on gross profit and meaningfully ahead on adjusted EBITDA, despite a negative impact from the hurricanes late in the quarter. Total gross profit was $309 million, an increase of $16 million from the year ago period and adjusted EBITDA was $47 million, up $14 million or 43%. North America local units grew 13% year-over-year. We are growing supply to our third party partners and our Groupon+ product and we are pleased with our international performance in the third quarter. Our investments in customer experience and marketing are paying off and as we see continued momentum in the business, we are raising our full year outlook. We are increasing our gross profit guidance range to $1.305 billion to $1.355 billion and we’re raising our adjusted EBITDA range to $225 million to $245million. In North America, gross profit was $208 million, up 3% year-over-year, driven by 7% local growth. Excluding the estimated impact of the hurricanes, local gross profit growth would have been near double digit. We were pleased that unit growth in North America local accelerated for the fourth consecutive quarter and is now in the low teens range. Both improved unit and customer growth in North America were driven by our supply, customer experience and marketing initiatives. We saw particular strength in our leisure category as summer activities like water parks and amusement parks performed well, in addition to our retail category, with the addition of premier national brands. These categories tend to be lower margin and this coupled with the one-time impact from the hurricanes resulted in…

Thanks, Mike. As we head into the traditionally busy holiday season, I'm pleased with the progress we've made in making Groupon an unbeatable destination for customers and a game changer for local merchants. As our marketplace grows, we believe Groupon will be the first stop for consumers and an indispensable tool for small businesses. The team remains focused and excited about the opportunity in front of us and our work on the customer experience, on customer engagement and on operating a great business continue to push us further along the path to becoming the daily habit in local. With that, let's take some questions.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Sam Kemp with Piper Jaffray.

I’m going to ask two expense item questions. One in North American and then one in international. In North America, it looks like your SG&A declined somewhere in the range like $14 million or $15 million sequentially, but you did have the transition to Grubhub happen in the middle of the quarter. Should we expect that SG&A line to decline further in Q4 and then on international, definitely, a nice pleasant surprise to see the acceleration there. It seems like marketing helped a little bit. Can you talk about your intent to increase marketing in that region going forward and how we should think about that as we head into 2018?

Sure. So from an SG&A perspective, on Q3, what I would say is with regards to going from Q3 to Q4 and Grubhub or the sale of the assets to order up to Grubhub, I would just say the cost impacted us relatively small, doesn't have a big impact one way or the other. I would say as you move from Q3 to Q4 though, what I would take into account is that is a sequentially busier quarter for us. So, there are seasonal costs such as costs on our customer service, folks in the goods areas that tend to use staff up. So from a fourth quarter perspective, you should expect that the SG&A in the fourth quarter will be higher in the fourth quarter than the third quarter. On international, certainly, we are very pleased with the performance international overall. And what you see international is several things. It’s first you see our continued focus on the product there. You see us continuing to focus on building supply and to your point Sam, also on the marketing side, we have significantly enhanced in the last year our marketing analytics and with that, we have continued to invest more heavily in international. So what I would say is, is over time, what someone should expect as we go into 2018 is, as we see conversion internationally continue to improve over time, that ultimately improves the efficiency of your marketing, gives us a greater opportunity to generate a payback on that marketing. We could end up spending a little bit more on international marketing. So, with that what, I would say is as pointing to the comments in my prepared remarks is, overall, when we think about it from an EBITDA perspective, we do believe we’re on a path to multi-year adjusted EBITDA growth, which reflects how we view international.

Our next question is from Paul Bieber with Credit Suisse.

Two quick questions. What's the current Groupon+ footprint in terms of category coverage and what will the footprint look like, for example, by the end of 2019? And then, excuse me, I was hoping that you could just give us what the LivingSocial contribution is in 3Q, so we could see what the organic acceleration was.

I'll cover the first one on Groupon+ and then hand it over to Mike to talk about LivingSocial. So how does it look today? It's really a food and drink focused product. It's one that we've purposely rolled out for the restaurant space first, because it's highly addressable in that space. It’s also used in general in the mechanics of the average restaurant is relatively complex and it’s highly variable, both from the operators’ point of view, the merchants point of view, they all have different greeters situations, some reservations and some don’t and so dealing with a voucher is highly fluid in those environments, which is challenging for a consumer as well. So the ease of use in that side, it was a big driver for us and we also know that, look, it's critical to have a winning food and drink product in play to drive high frequency over time. So Groupon+ remains focused on food and drink and for the next couple of quarters, I would expect that to continue to be the case. As we move throughout 2018, I would expect at the start, moving into some other categories, there are a number of them that are well suited to the kind of interaction model that Groupon+ employs. I think of specifics on that, but I would expect it throughout 2018 to start expanding beyond food and drink.

And on LivingSocial contribution, what I would highlight is our North America local billings were up 14% in the third quarter on a year-over-year basis and in our Q, we highlight that the contribution from LivingSocial was about 350 basis points. So even if you adjust for LivingSocial, we still saw double digit billings growth in North America local in the third quarter.

Our next question comes from Sameet Sinha with B. Riley FBR.

If you can talk about the dynamics in October post the inclement weather that you saw in September, that would be helpful kind of giving us a sense of how the quarter is progressing? Secondly, when we talk about international marketing, is the paypack period that you target there still that 12 to 18 months that you've spoken about previously? And what is kind of current customer acquisition cost that you see there?

So on the first part, with regards to the fourth quarter, what I would highlight with regards to the fourth quarter and just our overall view on the year is, if you think about the guidance we provided on our last two earnings calls as compared to the guidance on the current earnings call, so if you go back to the last earnings call, we had indicated that gross profit would be between $1.3 billion to $1.35 billion with potentially landing in the lower end of that range. And today, we said 1.305 billion to 1.355 billion. So what I would highlight for the year overall that just reflects a higher level of confidence with regard to where we see gross profit landing for the year. With regards to parsing apart the fourth quarter, I wouldn’t want to do that at this time keeping in mind that the busiest time period is ahead of us. For us, the busiest part of the fourth quarter is that November December timeframe. So I wouldn't want to parse that out any further than that. With regards to international, international is very similar to North America from our perspective in terms of payback, still within that 12 to 18 month payback threshold. That's the way we think about all of our marketing investments. We want it on the margin for it to be within that payback threshold and international is held to that same objective. And from a tax standpoint, it's not materially different than what you would see in North America.

Our next question comes from Thomas Forte with DA Davidson.

On the international improvement, can you talk about -- can you give a sense of how many countries right now are performing at a high level and then also I think of a timeframe we should think of to get more of the international countries operating at level on par with North America.

Thanks, Tom. I'll start and Mike, if you have additional comments, feel free. I mean, international, as you point out, it is a collection of countries there, they're in different stages of their development. But what I'd say is broadly they're all performing better and we're seeing improvements across the board, because we're -- a lot of what's driving our improvements there are across the board style deployments. So one is just on the product side. Our international countries for a long time, we're on a completely different mobile experience than the North American business was and an experience that was at least 12 months behind and in most cases, it was running closer to six quarters behind in total user experience. And given, we're close to 70% mobile at this point as a company, that matters a lot, and so that mobile experience is really deployed across the international footprint. So we're seeing broad improvements as a result of that. We're also operationally attacking the region in a much more focused way and with proven winners across our North American business, so you’re seeing those things move everywhere as we've -- as again we've simplified how that business operates, it's much more hub and spoke in nature with shared service centers and central management that is much faster to deploy proven winning approaches and strategies. So we're seeing that improve really across the board. Now within that improvement, there is of course variability, and in general, I’d say, our bigger markets are further along because they have stronger inventory footprints and on and on and they already had a stronger base to start from, but we're seeing improved performance across the board and as Mike said, we're cautiously optimistic about the future of that business and given the size of the population relative to the US and the amount of relative GP potential that we see there that we feel we're on a really good track. But we're still in the early stages and feel there's a lot more runway there overtime.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Matthew Trusz with Gabelli & Company. You may begin.

So just if we look at NA local, with billings up 40 and the revenue up 10 and gross margin up 7. Given the noise from the hurricane and from the retail and leisure impact, can you just parse that a little bit and give us a sense of where you see them evolving and settling out over time specifically in NA local.

A couple things that I'll highlight, we're very pleased with the overall velocity in our platform in North America local. I mean to your point, billing is up 14% and then units up 13%, the primary differences between that and overall where gross profit trended, a couple of things was one as we went into the hurricanes, what you saw was consumers did behave a little differently around the hurricane time period, where they were less inclined to purchase some of the higher take rate products. I mean if you think about things like spa services and massages as individuals are looking to get themselves and their families to safety, those types of items don't sell obviously at the same rate they typically would. And so that clearly had some impact on the quarter. But what I would say is, we saw quickly after the hurricane within a week to 10, 15 days afterwards the patterns in terms of our overall mix kind of shifted back. But overall we were plausible on our platform, but both hurricanes in terms of shifting patterns had some impact on the differential between billings and gross profit as well as we also ran some really high quality national brands which created some velocity in the platform.

The only thing that I’d add Matthew is just as a way to think about it in general, there's going to be ebbs and flows categorically throughout the course of the year and it's been that way historically for the business. This time of year is generally stronger for retail on our platform, there are times of the year especially in gifting times where some of those spa services end up being a bigger part of the story. And I don't think it's really something that - the one that I tell you, we don't try to normalize it in any one period, we try to deliver what people really want and I would expect us to continue to take that approach moving forward.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Justin Patterson with Raymond James. You may begin.

Two if I could, on marketing expense, I was surprised to see that fairly flat sequentially. I would have thought that would increase more given the rollout of Groupon+ through more markets. Where there any timing changes there or just changes in thought process on year end. And then secondly a Groupon+ question, could you discuss the nature of supply you're seeing in food and drink today. I’m curious how much of that is coming from existing merchants versus how much is coming from either new merchants or lapped merchants.

I’ll take the marketing one first and then Rich will touch on Groupon+. On the marketing specifically what impacted marketing and resulted in us spending a little bit less than we originally anticipated were the weather events. So as we started to realize that weather events were going to affect demand, we intentionally scaled back in those markets and we're not doing things like bidding on keywords to the same degree because we knew individuals that would not necessarily be their focus during that time period. So that was the primary driver of probably being a little bit lower than where we originally anticipated spending from a marketing perspective.

The one thing I'd add to that Justin, on the marketing side is that we’re changing our thought process around that period was really was not how - are we going to stop promoting Groupon+ or testing in offline channels as an example to promote the product. It was really how we were going to do it. And we saw some things coming toward our - some of those markets where we actually are active with Groupon+ that would've been in the queue. We just doubled our efforts, you know, really double down on our efforts in some other markets, but continued to learn in market. So we just really were fluid in the period but we still wanted to maintain an ability to learn which we did. We started if you were in places like New York or Chicago, you probably saw some Groupon+ promotion in different channels. And so that's going to continue. We don’t expect to back off on that front at all. You saw some pivots in the quarter to help us continue to learn specifically around that product. With respect to the nature of supply that we see on Groupon+, it's a mix of both converting some existing Groupon voucher merchants to the voucher less experience as well as a lot of new merchants. And some of that is again a lot of that is purposeful where as we've learned more and more about the Groupon+ experience, we also - we can recognize some of the areas where the voucher product doesn't work as well. So an example, most of our food and drink in the voucher space is really more finer dining or it's not fast casual and it's not lunch and that's a spot where Groupon+ can add a lot of value for consumers. So you're seeing a different mix of merchants and a different mix of types of food and drink offers that wouldn't have been as addressable in a voucher product. Most people aren’t going to pay $2 to get a, you know, whatever a Taco lunch for four bucks or something like that. But you’re still having someone say 20% at lunch at that Taco place makes a lot of sense. So we're adding to different layers of inventory with the Groupon+ product as well as testing into some of that more fine dining approach that we have that's really core to the voucher experience. And we'll expect to continue to do that moving forward.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Tom Champion with Cowen. You may begin.

In prior quarters, I think you talked about older customer cohorts being some of the early adopters of new products like Groupon+. Just curious if there's any change there and whether you're getting any better adoption from new customers. And then also curious if you have any comment on when Groupon+ and Beauty Now will become kind of a meaningful contributor to topline results and any accounting implications we should keep in mind there? Thank you.

So thanks Tom, I’ll start and Mike will jump in as we talk about some of the topline impacts or accounting pieces to keep in mind. As far as the adoption, I think what we're seeing as they scale, this product scales up and of course we're - not just that as we change our marketing practices around it and start to expand our marketing strategy. We are getting I think into a better place as far as balance between existing Groupon customers both early adopter style and then new customers which are new to Groupon+ and new to Groupon overall. So I think that will continue to be a focus of ours to use what I think is a very compelling and exciting user proposition and value prop on our platform to more and more new people that either haven't been on the platform in a while or just new to Groupon as a brand entirely. So we see that in a good place and I think importantly on that side, we see really similar behavior between new folks and existing folks. It's just a good product that’s easy to use. And so I'd expect this more to come on that front. As far as just at a super high level on n impact what I'll add is, it’s really early in that product and we're excited with where we are and how fast we're gaining ground in the product. And it's just as an example we now have well over a million customers that have linked their cards to Groupon+ but that's still really early relative to our 32 million active customers in the US and a lot more than that in terms of traffic, still very early, but our rate of acceleration there I think is what’s exciting. It's not big enough yet to see significant ripple effects through the P&L.

In terms of accounting impacts and things to consider, first, as you think about it, we ultimately manage the business for gross profit over an extended period of time. And so with that one thing to consider is Groupon+ in particular relative to voucher has a different impact on billings. When someone purchases a voucher, the full value of the voucher gets recorded into billings. When someone is utilizing Groupon+, it's just a commission that gets reported into billings. So on a product that has a similar gross profit, you get less billings per gross profit with Groupon+ relative to the traditional voucher. So over time as we scale Groupon+ you should expect it to be additive to gross profit, but ultimately it will create a headwind on billings.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Mark Kelley with Citigroup. You may begin.

The first one is for Mike, can you talk a little bit about how supply was maybe impacted by the hurricanes if at all. Curious to know the sense of how many merchants are still offline. And then for Rich, your newer brand campaigns that are aimed more at businesses rather than the consumer, I'm wondering at a high level what else you're doing to increase the supply in local and is Groupon+ the main driver there. And then kind of on the same question. If we look at international marketing efforts, do they look similar to what we see here domestically in terms of being aimed more local businesses.

Thanks for that Mark, Mike you want cover hurricane impact on supply?

So on hurricane impact from supply, what I would say is, from our experience working with local merchants, they are a resilient bunch. I mean certainly they got hit hard in both Florida and in Texas, and we definitely saw in our own sales patterns you definitely saw a dip in the period leading up to hurricane and the period after the hurricane. But what you saw was, if you got to a week to 15 days out, they started coming back and they were coming back maybe not at a 100%, but they were coming back pretty close to 100%. So it's a strong bunch. And they're coming back pretty quickly.

I think that's right and it's been really good to see. And our focus there as folks have come back online and is to do what we do best with those merchants is that when they're ready and they're open for business, we want to get them more business. And we've had a lot of, high touch interactions, one of the benefits of what we do here on the sales side. We have real relationships with our merchants and that's been I think helpful for everyone in this case. And you'll see us celebrate that more and to get your question on the brand campaign, Mark, is that yeah, you're going to see us focus more on merchants, it's something that if I'm critical of over our marketing strategy over the last really seven or eight years, it's been heavily, heavily consumer focused and there's a place to balance that. I think as a brand and as a company, inside the company we spend a lot of time thinking about merchants and that haven't been as apparent externally and I think it's time for that to become more apparent. Not just to accelerate the supply picture that's of course a great benefit of that, but also because it's meaningful to consumers. Consumers care about their communities. They care about small business success in their neighborhoods. And I think it's a way for us to celebrate that component of our brand and help people feel really good about their business and spending their dollars at Groupon and at those small businesses. And to have that not be coming from us, but they come from folks that they see in their communities and that they trust. So I’d expect more of that. We've seen great response, is very early for that campaign,…

Thank you. Our next question comes from Brian Fitzgerald with Jefferies. You may begin.

And maybe just addressed this, but to put a finer point on this or a different point of view on it, when you look at adding the G+ inventory and as you drive consumer usage and your building the proof points and the data and your showing you efficacy, do you see that inventory adoption or coming on to the G+ platform accelerating. I guess at a high level what's an easier lever to pull, vendor adoption or consumer linking cards or consumer embracing the experience.

I would say, one, they move hand in hand. So the more scale we have on the customer side, the more attractive the product is for merchants and vice versa. The more merchants we have, the more attractive the product is for consumers. And I think we - the general - generally how we launch a market is we go merchant first and then we go to customers and then we try to find the sweet spot. I’d expect us to keep doing that. I think we're in a really good groove on customers linking their cards and we’re learning how to continue to grow that at a great pace. But a linchpin for certain for those customers is having amazing supply. So, we expect that to continue to grow and continue to do well. We keep learning in that process, how to tune our sales approaches and really how to make on-boarding easier and easier for merchants there. So we’re yet again in every front, we're still in early stages, but we're seeing great performance.

And then Rich, maybe you talked about third-party integrations helping out there, you mentioned Viator, you mentioned Grubhub, are you finding that as you do these third party integrations, you've kind of got the toolsets in place, you've got the experience, are the integrations with third parties getting easier and easier as you go?

For sure, I mean it's a piece for us where we - I think you've probably heard us over time talk about Groupon more as a platform than just a website or a mobile app. And that's really what we're building on that side is the linkage to be able to be you know it’s kind of trivial for partners to integrate onto our platform. And they are getting easier and easier every time. There's always considerations on that side. See in the case of Grubhub, we’re being really thoughtful about how we truly and deeply integrate that product. And we have a lot of experience given our order of ownership there. So there will be some custom work on that side inevitably. But in general to just bring inventory on the platform, it's getting to the spot where it's very easy and it's more you know our teams can talk to partner teams through APIs instead of big meetings that take a lot of time, which is exactly where we need to be.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Brian Nowak with Morgan Stanley. You may begin.

Hi guys this is Jon Lanterman on for Brain, two kind of bigger picture questions. For North America local, billing growth was very strong this quarter, but you didn't get the [indiscernible] that you got last quarter with double-digit growth in billings, revenue and gross profit. And Mike you did a really good job kind of explaining some of the gaps with the hurricane and on low margin product. When you think longer term, how do these two, gross billing and gross profit kind of consistently match each other double digits growth. And then kind of an update on North America versus international. Rich, you’re now two years in as CEO. If you have to gauge innings for North America versus international, what inning would you say that we are in and accomplishing some of the goals you established two years ago. Are we kind of like in inning four and five in North America and international is just inning one. Just try to gauge kind of the runway for progress in the international. Thanks.

So on the North America billings versus gross profit. We think about that over the long term, just referring back to the comments I made a bit earlier. First and foremost over an extended period of time we're focused on managing the business for gross profit. And what I would also say is some of the new products that we’ve been rolling out and basically emphasizing such as Groupon+ generate less billings relative to gross profit over time. And so as Groupon+ scales one should expect that will create a headwind on billings, but it will be additive to gross profit. And the other thing is as I think about as we move into 2018 just to provide a little color. As we look at 2018, one of the things that we've talked about is, we believe we are on a path to multi-year adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow growth. Within that we've also talked about that we believe at this stage a lot of the big cost actions are behind us. And so implicit in that comment is that over time we expect that gross profit will grow at a faster pace than marketing and that ultimately will be the driver of adjusted EBITDA.

And on the innings question John, look I'm kind of a first inning thinker in this space, but if I try to break that model because what I would tell you is that I think we’re truly - we’re just working through the lineup in the first at bat in the first inning for North America. And we've got a batter at the plate for the first time in international. I think it’s generally how we're wired to think that way because we're constantly innovating and we have to be developing and building in a space that hasn't really existed in the past. So I think of it - just in general, I like to think of it that way. But if I try to break that, I'd say Groupon in general we’re in through that first innings stage to scale up really fast, we expanded to 47 country, second inning was we had to clean that up and get ourselves into a place where we felt really good about our operational efficiency that we were fighting the right battles and picking our lines that ultimately mattered. And then both businesses are then in their third inning of that work is largely behind us and now it's about building an amazing company and building great products. And we're in the very earliest stages of that. And we have some I think some great green shoots that are showing the potential of the business, the platform and the innovation horsepower in this company. But we're still kind of just kicking off that battle everywhere. And I think you see that with how early it is in Groupon+. [indiscernible] and seeing that - there was early signs of international kind of coming out of that second inning where we had to just reassess and get down to the fundamentals in the business and get it set up to be able to enter that really third phase and I think exciting inning for growth going forward.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the Deepak Mathivanan with Barclays. You may begin.

Two questions from me, so first the TTM gross profit per customer in North America has been flat at close to $30 over the last few quarters. I believe its broadly a function of solid customer growth and some customers just being in the early life cycle. But when should we expect to see purchase frequent in gross profit for customers start to grow once again. And I know you don't report churn, but can you talk about that trends in churn during the quarter that you saw. Is it improving significantly given the better product experience with G+. Thanks guys.

What I would say is, you pointed out correctly that gross profit per customer both in North America and international has been really consistent over the last several quarters. And what I would say to your point is that the spike pretty healthy customer growth this quarter. We added 800,000 net new customers. Within that 600,000 were North America. The other thing I would highlight is we saw a big change in inflection from international where in the third quarter we actually lost customers and in the second quarter we actually gained 200,000. So clearly that weighs on your GP per customer. Some of your newer customers tend to take a little bit of time to mature. What I would say is, we're not going to provide specifics on what those specifics on what - those specific metrics are going to be. But certainly our objective is to grow them. I mean our objective is to grow gross profit per customer and units per customer. And if you think about all the initiatives that we're focused on as a company whether it be our branding in our offline campaign, whether it is building supply, whether it's product in both Groupon+ and bookability and bringing international parity. All of that is focused on increasing the gross profit per customer. That's our goal. And what I mentioned earlier, as we look to 2018, we would expect the gross profit will grow faster than marketing. And so that's the way we think about it going forward. With regards to churn, what I would say is in terms of churn, the overall rates been pretty consistent. We haven't seen a big change one way or the other. The only thing that I would say is that's on our core product, we do see with Groupon+ that is a product that from a merchant standpoint in particular that merchants find very engaging and we’re able to sell at a higher rate and we also see that once customers start redeeming they redeem at a higher rate. So both of those are positive indicators.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Akshay Bhatia with Bank of America Merrill Lynch. You may begin.

I wonder if you could talk more about some of your efforts to engage or reengage merchants on the platform, specifically it seems like you guys are talking more about some of the national brands more than I think you have in the past. So is there anything in the call out there and mix shift or change in focus, maybe how should we think about that going forward.

We're always thinking of different ways to connect with merchants here in general. But there's nothing - I would say there's nothing major that's changed in our approach on that side with the exception of things like Groupon+ and just even on an integration level, obviously that changes with integrated merchant that changes our relationships a little bit and we have to make sure that we have really good connectivity through a partner. So that if a customer has a problem or a merchant has a challenge that we have an easy way to manage those situations. So I think that's really us adapting more to some of the environmental changes that we put in place and new product development more than anything else. So I don't know - what was the second part of your question?

It was just more about the national brands you guys are talking more about that. And sort of the mix of those versus local maybe.

I think look we're – well, I know pretty much everyone on the call is a student of the space and it's no - it wouldn’t be shock to anyone that retail folks have needed some help and that retail folks have been looking for different ways to reach customers. And I think what we've seen is that more retail and more big brands in general are starting to recognize Groupon as the platform that it is. And it's a scaled advertising platform to reach new customers and build their brands in different ways. And that's both through our coupons product as well as through traditional voucher programs as well. So there's a lot there and I think the fact that there are some challenges in the retail space and folks are really having to think hard about their marketing strategies, we hope it benefits our platform over time and that we see more great brands coming on our platform. And I would expect that to be the case over the coming quarters, but I don't have anything specific to share on that front.

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen this concludes today's conference. Thanks for your participation and have a wonderful day.