Gregory Hanson
Analyst · Stifel
Thanks, Eric, and good morning, everyone. As we go through the numbers, please note that all comparisons will be the first quarter of 2023, unless otherwise noted. Adjusted EBITDA was $56 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared with $76 million in '23. We reported a net loss of $5.6 million in the quarter compared with net income of $29 million in 2023.
Distributable cash flow was $15.8 million in the first quarter compared with $46.3 million in '23 and adjusted DCF was $16 million in Q1 versus $46.3 million in the same period in '23. LTM distribution cover as of March 31 was 1.6x or 1.5x after factoring in distributions to our preferred unitholders.
Turning to our segment details. GDSO product margin increased $4.2 million in the quarter to $187.7 million. Product margin from gasoline distribution increased $0.8 million to $121.6 million, primarily reflecting higher fuel margins year-over-year. On a cents per gallon basis, fuel margins increased $0.01 to $0.33 in Q1 '24 from $0.32 in Q1 '23, illustrating the resilience of our fuel margins despite wholesale gasoline prices increasing $0.66 from year-end '23 to 3/31/24, compared with $0.24 increase for the same period in 2023.
The first quarter of 2023 also benefited from a fall off in prices during the quarter as opposed to the first quarter of 2024, which had consistent increases in prices throughout the quarter. Station operation product margin, which includes convenience store prepared food sales, sundries and rental income, increased $3.4 million to $66.1 million in the first quarter as our team continues to execute well in our stores. At quarter end, we had a portfolio of 1,601 sites. In addition, we operated 64 sites under our Spring Partners retail joint venture.
Looking at the Wholesale segment. First quarter 2024 product margin decreased $3.7 million to $49.4 million. Product margin from gasoline and gasoline blend stocks increased $9.3 million to $29.7 million, largely due to the acquisition of the Motiva terminals. This was partially offset by less favorable market conditions in gasoline in the first quarter of '24 compared to the same period in '23. Product margin from distillates and other oils decreased $13 million to $19.7 million, primarily due to less favorable market conditions in residual oil.
As we mentioned in our press release, certain products in our Wholesale segment were negatively impacted by the timing of mark-to-market valuations, which we have seen largely recover quarter-to-date through April. Commercial segment product margin decreased $1.1 million to $7 million, primarily due to less favorable market conditions.
Looking at expenses. Operating expenses increased $11.8 million to $120.1 million in the first quarter, primarily related to the acquisition of the terminals from Motiva. SG&A expense increased $7.5 million in Q1 to $69.8 million, including acquisition costs related to the Motiva terminals acquisition and increases in wages and benefits and other SG&A expenses.
Interest expense was $29.7 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared with $22.1 million in '23. The increase was primarily due to the interest expense related to our 8.25% senior notes that we issued in January of '24 and to a $1.4 million write-off of deferred financing fees. Capex in the first quarter was $16.6 million, consisting of $11.7 million of maintenance CapEx and $4.9 million of expansion CapEx, primarily related to investments in our gasoline station business.
For the full year of 2024, we continue to expect maintenance capital expenditures in the range of $50 million to $60 million and expansion capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions in the range of $60 million to $70 million, relating primarily to our gas station and terminaling businesses. These current estimates depend in part on the timing of completion of projects, availability of equipment and workforce, whether and unanticipated events or opportunities requiring additional maintenance or investments.
Our balance sheet remains strong at 3/31 with leverage as defined in our credit agreement as funded debt to EBITDA at 3.26x and we continue to have ample excess capacity at our credit facilities. As of March 31, total borrowings outstanding under our credit agreement were $226 million, all of which were under our working capital revolver with 0 outstanding on our revolving credit facility.
I'd also like to highlight that on April 15, we fully redeemed all the outstanding Series A fixed to floating rate cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred units. This transaction was immediately accretive to distributable cash flow and at current interest rate is expected to be approximately $0.09 accretive per unit on an annual basis.
Now before I turn the call back to Eric for closing comments, let me review our upcoming Investor Relations calendar. This month, we'll be participating in the 21st Annual Energy Infrastructure Conference and in June, we'll be participating in the Stifel Cross Sector Insight Conference and the BofA Energy Credit Conference. If you're attending one of more of the events, we look forward to meeting with you.
Now let me turn the call back to Eric for closing comments.