Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for joining us, and welcome to the JFrog Third Quarter 2025 Financial Results Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] I will now hand the conference over to Jeffrey Schreiner, Head of Investor Relations. Jeffrey, please go ahead.

Thank you, Nicole. Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us as we review JFrog's Third Quarter 2025 Financial Results, which were announced following the market close today via press release. Leading the call today will be JFrog's CEO and Co-Founder, Shlomi Ben Haim; and Ed Grabscheid, JFrog's CFO. During this call, we may make statements related to our business that are forward-looking under federal securities laws and are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements related to our future financial performance and including our outlook for the full year of 2025. The words anticipate, believe, continue, estimate, expect, intend, will and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements or similar indications of future expectations. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our views only as of today and not as of any subsequent date. Please keep in mind that we are not obligating ourselves to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events. These statements are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. For a discussion of material risks and other important factors that could affect our actual results, please refer to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which is available on the Investor Relations section of our website and the earnings press release issued earlier today. Additional information will be made available in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, and other filings and reports that we may file from time to time with the SEC. Additionally, non-GAAP financial measures will be discussed on this conference call. These non-GAAP financial measures, which are used as a measure of JFrog's performance, should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or in isolation from GAAP measures. Please refer to the tables in our earnings release for a reconciliation of those measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. A replay of this call will be available on the JFrog Investor Relations website for a limited time. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to JFrog's CEO, Shlomi Ben Haim. Shlomi?

Thank you, Jeff. Good afternoon, and thank you all for joining the call. JFrog's focus as a foundational platform and system of record for software delivery continues to drive momentum in our business, and I'm pleased to report another solid quarter across all metrics. Our execution remains focused. Our investments remain strategic, and our customers continue to tell us we are helping them to meet the demands of the fast-changing technology market. In Q3, JFrog's total revenue was $136.9 million, up 26% year-over-year. Our operating margin was 18.7% in the quarter, demonstrating our ongoing discipline between expenses and strategic investments. Cloud revenue for Q3 equaled $63.4 million, representing 50% year-over-year growth. We experienced another strong quarter of cloud revenue growth driven by increased usage of conventional software packages and ongoing increases in usage of artifacts such as PyPI, Docker containers, NPM and models coming from Hugging Face for AI and machine learning. Our go-to-market teams are executing on a clear strategy of guiding cloud customers with usage overages toward higher annual commitments in order to build stronger partnerships and drive predictable long-term value for customers and for JFrog. Our enterprise sales motions continue to bear fruit with greater than $1 million customers growing to 71 compared to 46 in the year ago period, equaling 54% growth year-over-year. Customers spending more than $100,000 annually grew to 1,121 compared to 966 in the year ago period, equaling 16% year-over-year growth. In Q3, our 4 trailing quarter net dollar retention was 118%, demonstrating sustained growth among our customer base driven by strong cloud usage and fueled by our holistic software supply chain security offering. Ed will further discuss net dollar retention later in the call. Now let me spotlight Q3's wins, including cloud and security and discuss JFrog's AI and machine learning developments.…

Thank you, Shlomi, and good afternoon, everyone. During the third quarter of 2025, total revenues equaled $136.9 million, up 26% year-over-year. Our overachievement during the quarter was the result of strong go-to-market and operational execution, continued momentum in our cloud revenues, growing adoption in JFrog security products and expansion by customers within our enterprise-level subscriptions. As noted by Shlomi, third quarter cloud revenues grew to $63.4 million, up 50% year-over-year and represented 46% of total revenues versus 39% in the prior year. Our growth in the cloud was driven by increased usage across a broad set of package types, demand for JFrog Advanced Security and Curation and conversion of customers with usage above minimum commitments into higher annual contracts. During the third quarter, our self-managed or on-prem revenues were $73.5 million, up 10% year-over-year. We continue to proactively engage our on-prem customers to migrate DevSecOps workloads to our cloud or explore solutions better aligned with their specific use cases, including hybrid and fit-for-purpose deployments. In Q3, 56% of total revenues came from Enterprise Plus subscriptions, up from 50% in the prior year, driven by ongoing execution of our enterprise go-to-market strategy and broader customer adoption of the JFrog platform, revenue contribution from Enterprise Plus subscriptions grew 39% year-over-year. Net dollar retention for the 4 trailing quarters was 118%, consistent with the prior quarter, highlighting the continued adoption of our security core products and increased cloud data consumption, resulting in higher customer commitments. We continue to demonstrate that our customers view JFrog solutions as mission-critical to their software supply chain with gross retention that equaled 97% as of the third quarter 2025. Now I'll review the income statement in more detail. Gross profit in the quarter was $114.9 million, representing a gross margin of 83.9% versus 82.8% in the year ago…

Thank you, Ed. The third quarter of 2025 is behind us. We committed and we delivered on innovation, on product execution and across every financial metric. Despite macro challenges, the JFrog team sold, over the past 3 quarters, we not only earned the trust of the enterprise, we reinforced our position as the definitive system of record for the software supply chain. As the world becomes powered by AI-driven software and every aspect of software creation and delivery is being transformed, one fact stands out, more software means more packages, more artifacts, more binaries, and that's exactly where JFrog stands front and center now and in the future. We're becoming the model registry of choice, securing the entire software supply chain of our customers from passport control at the gate to safe and trusted delivery. We manage the full life cycle of AI models, and we've introduced the world's first DevGovOps solution, preparing our customers for the ongoing tsunami of AI regulation and compliance. We continue to run our business with efficiency, focus and discipline while staying deeply energized by the opportunities ahead. This quarter was also a deeply meaningful one for our Israeli team as the war in the region came to an end and hostages were finally returned safely to their families after 2 long years. We stand in solidarity with the families of the remaining hostages still held by the terrorist Organization, Hamas, and we pray for their safe return home for proper burial. As we prepare for 2026, we are ready to leap forward in product, people and business. We remain determined to continue building on what we have created by developers for the developers of the modern software world. With that, thank you for joining our call and may the frog be with you. Operator, we are now open to take questions.

[Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Michael Cikos with Needham.

Jeff, great to hear you on the call and for Shlomi, congrats on the strong quarter. I wanted to tap into cloud. And first, just to sanity check, the results super strong here. Was there anything one time? Or was this really just a confluence of a number of different pieces of the platform coming alongside the execution? Can you help us unpack that?

Mike, this is Ed. I'll go ahead and start with that. There is nothing in the cloud revenues that is one time. This is a convergence of strong usage across multiple package types, geos and different verticals. In addition to that, we saw strong security. Security also is a leading driver of our cloud growth. So you had a combination of those 2 things happening but no one time. It was a very strong quarter.

Excellent. And I did just want to tap in. I guess this is probably more for Shlomi but again, on the Cloud, we have a couple of quarters now of really strong growth. What is different, if anything has changed. But from an execution standpoint on the go-to-market, what have you guys implemented that continues to bear out here? How should we be thinking about that?

Mike, this is Shlomi, and thank you for the kind words. I think that what you see in the cloud is a strong and consistent execution, not only of our technology but also the go-to-market philosophy of working with our customers that have over usage, converting them to higher commitments, and that's translated to consistent cloud growth and less volatility. As you know, even when we guide, we provide you with the commitments-based guidance and consumption might come and go but we wanted to have an alignment between the go-to-market philosophy and the execution of our cloud business. That's on top, of course, to what Ed said that our cloud customers are now also embracing our security solution, which obviously gives us more room to grow and to expand.

Your next question comes from the line of Sanjit Singh with Morgan Stanley.

Congrats, my congrats on the strong results this quarter. Shlomi, I was wondering if you could expand a little bit more on the theme on your script around the broadening of the types of artifacts that Artifactory is managing and storing and serving as a system of record. What does that mix start to look like between kind of traditional software artifacts, containers registries and some of the AI artifacts that are starting to come through? How -- can you speak to some of the underlying trends in terms of what Artifactory is storing and managing these days?

Yes, Sanjit. What we see, and we're obviously monitoring it closely is that artifacts or different type of artifacts that are heavily used by AI creators are seeing kind of a growth in usage in our cloud and on-prem customers. We see that obviously, Hugging Face is scaling up. This is the open source models hub for AI models but also languages that support AI development like Python with PyPI, NPM, Docker containers for distribution of models, all of them are aligned and correlated and growing together. It's still too early for us to say that this trend is actually going to lead to a higher consumption in the future. But it's very encouraging to see that our customers are using JFrog as the system of record for all packages, including AI models, and that obviously drives the higher consumption as we reported.

Your next question comes from the line of Kingsley Crane with Canaccord.

Really encouraging results. For Shlomi, the demo of JFrog Fly was really impressive at swampUP. The MCP capabilities are nice to see as well. It got me thinking AI is changing how consumers interact with technology. It's leading many companies to rethink their UI, their UX. How relevant is that for JFrog? And is that something that you're thinking about?

Yes. Thank you, Kingsley. The JFrog Fly release is a disruption to the entire software supply chain system of record. We understand that software in the future will be created not just by developers but also by agents. And therefore, whatever repository you want to build must come with a agentic capabilities. This is what we wanted first to have a JFrog Fly. The second thing based on our research with thousands of developers was that developers want to be focused on what they need to be focused on, create software, deliver software with trust fast and rapidly. JFrog Fly provide that. So instead of taking it feature by feature within Artifactory, we thought that what we will do better is to build a full agentic experience for our users, reimagining how software supply chain will look like and then slowly bring those capabilities into the JFrog platform, obviously, the enterprise market will adopt it one by one, feature by feature. The community and small team can run faster. So that's the idea behind Fly, and we are very excited to see how the market react to it.

Your next question comes from the line of Koji Ikeda with Bank of America.

I wanted to ask on NRR and maybe pick on the metric just a little bit because it was flat at 118%. But when I look at the cloud growth, that's really, really strong and just knowing that NRR is calculated on the trailing 12-month metric, on a 12-month basis, that just really means that there's some new customers that are growing very fast. Is that the right interpretation on kind of looking at NRR versus the cloud performance? And if that is true, how sustainable is that growth from these new customers going forward?

Thank you, Koji. I'll start and Ed, feel free to chime in. NRR represent a tier of customers that are not committed to an annual NDR...

NRR. Shlomi, let me go ahead and jump in here on the NDR. So first off, let me remind you that we had 3 of the largest customers closed during Q3 of last year. So we're building off of that. It's a trailing 12-month metric. But what I said in the beginning of the year, Koji, if you recall, if there was going to be an acceleration in net dollar retention, 2 things would have to happen. Number one, I want to see an uptick in my security. And number two, I want to see usage over minimum commit in the cloud, and both of those are happening. So you start on a trailing 12-month metric with a very strong base off of those 3 very large deals that were closed at the end of Q3, and we've continued to build on that. So we've actually expanded our net dollar retention rate, and we're very happy with where it is as it's stabilized quarter-over-quarter at 118%.

Yes. And Koji, sorry, I heard NRR and answered about the cloud monthly usage. Regarding net dollar retention, we also have to remember that part of the strategy of embedding our security solution into the platform will be a way to also expand our customers with a different persona. Getting our customers expanding with security actually addresses a completely different addressable market.

Your next question comes from the line of Mark Cash with Raymond James.

Shlomi, if I could start with you. I also want to ask around Fly but more around if you see Fly opening up new customers or buying centers that you haven't serviced previously? And then what kind of go-to-market plans or tweaks would be required to drive market awareness versus maybe the market mostly thinking about JFrog more large-scale artifacts. And then if I could sneak one in for Ed. I'm just -- I mean, you beat by $9 million, raised by additional $6.5 million. So I guess maybe some of that comes with better visibility from RPO, cRPO strength but you're still taking a prudent approach you laid out. So what are the key drivers that give you confidence to raise by such an amount maybe compared to 90 days ago?

Yes, I'll start with Fly. This is obviously an opportunity but it's not our goal. Our goal is to make sure that everything that you have at the JFrog platform in the future will support both agents and developers as they manage their software supply chain. And why is that important? Because we know that in the future, the way that engineering team will be structured will be a combination of developers and agents. It will not be just developers. So software will be made by agents. And if you don't provide them, these agents will not have access to your repository, then they will have another system of record. So with Fly success, basically, what we see is how we fuel and power the entire JFrog platform. Now can small team use FLY and this will be another avenue of revenue generation? Yes, maybe. But our main goal is to make sure that we adopt this agentic experience across the platform and Fly is the North Star of adopting AI experience.

Yes. And regarding the guidance and the confidence that I had moving into Q4, first of all, I only guide on the commitments. So I'm confident that what I'm providing to you 90 days after the last time I provided to you a guidance is the fact that I have the strong commitment. We saw a strong performance during the quarter. That's built into my forecast based on those commitment levels. And I've removed anything that's related to usage over the minimum commitments and feel very confident with those numbers provided.

Your next question comes from the line of Miller Jump with Truist.

Congratulations on the strong results. Yes. So for Shlomi, maybe for a couple of quarters now, we've heard about the demand for hybrid solutions correlated with AI. I'm just trying to reconcile this with the clear momentum that you're seeing in cloud. Like is this something that you're seeing shift the pipeline composition right now? And then if I could ask one for Ed as well, just throughout this year, maybe the last 2 quarters really, you've talked about the conversion of customers that are going over commit. And I'm just curious, like what are you seeing from the customers that do move on to new contracts? Like are they continuing to ramp up their consumption? How has that played out versus your expectations?

Yes. Thank you, Miller. I'll start. Well, first, what we see is what we reported in the past, and we see it still. In our pipeline, there are some big deals that part of them include cloud migration. So we hear from our customers that they need more certainty before they double down on the cloud and go there with the entire AI workload that is currently being built. So for sure, the fit for purpose that we reported in the past is still relevant. But you also know that part of our guidance philosophy, these deals are being derisked from our pipeline. And we are being very cautious with kind of hanging the expectations high when it comes to cloud migration and cloud consumption. In terms of the consumption, as I answered before to Sanjit's question, we see more software packages that are related to the AI world being used. And still, we want to make sure that this is a new behavior and not just a trend that will pass when people will decide whether they go with cloud or on-prem.

Regarding what we see from the behavior of those customers that are above minimum commitments that go to a higher annual commitment, it's still not easy to do this. And the sales team has done a good job. That's strategically aligned with our philosophy. Budgets are still not fully aligned there yet. But for those customers, they're now secure and it gives them that confidence to flex up and down. So we continue to see strong usage across the board, especially in Q3. But we also know heading into Q4, it's a seasonably slower quarter due to the holidays. So that's also something that we take into consideration.

Your next question comes from the line of Brian Essex with JPMorgan.

Congrats from me as well on these results. They are really nice to see the acceleration. Maybe for Shlomi, could you -- any way to quantify what kind of lift you get in the quarter or you had in the quarter from conversions to cloud? And maybe what percentage of your customer base is kind of remaining to convert?

Yes. So we are not disclosing this number, Brian. But what I can tell you that if you look at the report of the over $1 million customers, we have now 71. That's a growth of 54% year-over-year. I can say that the majority of them were not just using of more platform capabilities but also use it in the cloud. So while we are not disclosing it, the cloud for sure is a strong growth engine for the company.

Your next question comes from the line of Shrenik Kothari with Baird.

So Shlomi, definitely securing the software supply chain for AI models, continuous packages sounds like a critical pain point right now. I just wanted to hear your thoughts on what do you think about customers of truly allocating new budgets towards this and just the sustainability of these budgets? Or do you think it's getting bundled into existing DevSecOps and you are gaining from consolidation. You did note many attacks like the recent NPM and PyPI threats that are thwarted by Curation. Just curious how customers are thinking about the budgets going forward? And then I have a follow-up for Ed.

Yes, Fredrik, that's actually 2 different questions. First of all, there is a higher threat on software supply chain because hackers are after your software packages. And if you don't cover your software, it's -- as I said, it's a matter of when and not a matter of if you will be attacked. NPM, PyPI, MCP, in the past, you remember Log4j, these are all software packages and attackers are going there because this is binaries and binaries are also the asset that our customers have in the run time. So basically, if you are attacked from run time for the binaries, you have full access to the software supply chain. That's front and center for every CISO now. And the other question regarding new budget allocated to security in the world of AI, I believe the answer is yes. And it's not only the traditional security but also GRC budgets. So cyber risk organizations are also looking at what happened in terms of governance and regulation, a moment before AI is fully adopted by the biggest bank and the biggest car manufacturers and the biggest retail companies. And the gap between full adoption of AI to what we see now is basically trust, control, security and governance. So for sure, there is more budget there and more attention of CISOs and CIOs to make sure that software delivery driven by AI is not putting the company in a risk.

Just quickly, Ed, a follow-up, Federal wins were a highlight. You mentioned meaningful TCV. So just in light of the strong Q3 and traction around security AI, the guide for Q4 does appear measured. You did touch upon it. It's coming from place of prudence but just implied is more kind of 25% to 30%. Is there more prudence coming from the Fed side? Anything that you can comment on deal timing, variability just given the prolonged shutdown?

Yes. Thanks for the question, Shrenik. There's nothing related to a government shutdown that would change anything in terms of our sentiment going forward. We've managed this year with prudence. We're continuing to manage the year with prudence. There's a lot of factors that we take into consideration. I want to remind you, there is no usage over minimum commitments in our guide. We derisk for our largest deals as the timing of those deals are still uncertain but nothing has changed from our previous philosophy, and we're continuing to use that same philosophy in our Q4 and fiscal year guidance.

Your next question comes from the line of Ittai Kidron with Oppenheimer.

Congrats, guys, really impressive. Maybe a couple for me. And just on this last comment that you made about that you don't give guide over the minimum commits. Can you tell us in the quarter itself this quarter, what was the upside from kind of spillover over the minimum commits?

Yes. We didn't break that out, and we're not willing to provide that information. But if you think about what we've carried over from Q3 into Q4 sequentially, that is the commitment levels. Anything above that, I would consider to be usage over minimum commits.

Okay. And then Shlomi, for you. Clearly, you're doing very well. I'm kind of wondering internally, what percent of your sales force is running above quota for the year? And if that's running at a level that's higher than your normal internal averages. I'm just trying to think about, you're soon to finish the year, you have to start thinking about how you make tweaks and changes. I was wondering if you have any initial thoughts given the change in the landscape, AI, the breadth of your portfolio, do you have any initial thoughts on how you're going to tinker with comp as you go into next year?

Yes, Ittai. So obviously, we will not share some operational metrics but of course, we are tracking it. There are very important takers for the go-to-market team when it comes to the growth engine, when it's security, when it's cloud, cloud migration, AI and MLOps adoption, now DevGovOps and compliance. What you can see in the numbers, and this is not the first quarter, it's, I think, the fifth quarter in a row that we are consistently deliver what we are committed to is that not only the sales team is focused but also they use the methodologies of top-down enterprise sales, things that in the past, we didn't practice like 3 years ago or 4 years ago, when we used to sell to developers, there were no expansion. And now what you can see not only by the reports of the big numbers or the big companies but also the entire revenue growth and the consistent growth is that the team is focused on enterprise sales upmarket, know exactly how to expand the platform, and we are very pleased with the results.

Your next question comes from the line of Brad Reback with Stifel.

Shlomi, I'll take the 5 quarters one step further and say the magnitude of the SaaS speed over those 5 quarters continues to get bigger. So maybe building on Ittai's question, is there any reason why you wouldn't accelerate sales and marketing headcount spend as we head into next year to take advantage of all this opportunity you see?

No reason. We are investing in go-to-market. We are investing in go-to-market in a responsible way. We want to see that what we deploy also comes out as the right ROI for our investment. And it's on all fronts. You can see the amount of releases from the product side, but you can also see the alignment on the go-to-market side when we deliver the numbers with such a strong bid.

Your next question comes from the line of Andrew Sherman with TD Cowen.

Great. Shlomi, I wanted to ask about the security wins and pipeline, some good color there in the quarter. But for the Q4 pipeline and beyond that, how is that tracking? How much is that pipeline up? What's your confidence in closing some of these big deals? Have the sales cycles changed at all? How is the market kind of shaping up competitively for these deals, too?

Yes. Great question. We see a lot of opportunities in our pipeline, including security. Obviously, JFrog Curation following the incident of NPM is something that a lot of our customers are asking and inquiring about. The sales cycles are longer when it comes to security because no customer comes with 0 security coverage. So obviously, it's not just a matter of upgrading themselves but also displacing something that they used in the past. So the answer regarding the pipeline, it's growing, and we are very pleased with what we see there. It's also -- to remind you, it's only part of our Enterprise X and Enterprise+ subscription. So sometimes it's also drive an upgrade in the subscription. And through to our methodology, when it comes to mega deals, in the world of platform that also includes security, we are derisking it to make sure that we are not missing a quarter because the customer needs a bit more time to conclude the proof of concept. Overall, the sales cycles are a bit longer but not massively longer. I would say 3 quarters in average, sometimes it's 4 quarter really depends on how many persona are involved in what you need to adopt from JFrog.

Your next question comes from the line of Jason Celino with KeyBanc.

Really wonderful quarter. The 2 wins you talked about that I thought were interesting, so the one U.K. customer and then the U.S. Federal Agency, did these deals directly benefit from the launch of AppTrust? I'm just trying to understand how AppTrust and the government opportunity might play as a catalyst.

Yes. So that was really a big win. And obviously, it was an RFP. So not only JFrog compete over this opportunity, and we are very proud of the team that delivered that, by the way, a very long process, obviously, in front of the government. AppTrust is not yet included. AppTrust was just announced last month, a few weeks, a baby product. We announced that together with ServiceNow. We are building the pipeline for AppTrust. And the DevOps landscape, governance is something that we know that will get even more demanding when AI will fit in. So not yet. But I will answer something that you didn't ask. There is a room to grow with all of our customers when AppTrust is in.

Your next question comes from the line of Eamon Coughlin with Barclays.

I would reiterate congrats on a great quarter. The strong enterprise customer adds really stood out in the quarter. Can you help us understand some of the key drivers there? Like are you spending more time engaging with your partner ecosystem? Is it a function of a more mature sales team? Just curious if there's anything you're doing to adjust a little bit of your sales motion or go-to-market motion.

Thanks for the question. Yes, we're seeing great traction in the enterprise, especially those customers over $1 million. What we see, and Shlomi talked about this previously, security is becoming a driver of many of those large deals, and it's also in the cloud. So we see this expansion of the usage over the minimum commit and expanding to a bigger commitment, taking security on top of that. That drove many of the deals that we saw 10 customers that we had over $1 million during the quarter, 54% growth. It's the efforts of the go-to-market team, and it's really a 3- or 4-year investment that we made, and we're starting to see the fruits of those labor.

Your next question comes from the line of Jonathan Ruykhaver with Cantor.

Congrats on the performance. I'm curious, so last week, OpenAI announced a private beta of security application called, I think it's Aardvark. But it seems to differentiate with an LLM-driven approach to vulnerability detection and remediation. And I'm curious if you could just talk about how this compares to X-ray's capabilities. But maybe I think more importantly, the announcement at swampUP around agentic remediation capabilities. How do you think this maybe further differentiates you from emerging competition?

Yes, Jon. Well, this was a very important announcement coming from OpenAI. And obviously, we saw it, and we work with OpenAI on a monthly basis, if not daily basis. This is great news because it's yet another proof that human security is -- sorry, human code creation is being covered by models. That's basically supporting the philosophy that what you need to invest in is to protect your binaries. The announcement from OpenAI is a solution that replaces static code analysis, basically code that is created in human language and not binaries. If it will drive something, I think it will drive more interest in what we bring to the market, which is a complementary solution to protect your entire software supply chain. So yes, LLM can provide your source code security, but not binaries, and that was the release from OpenAI.

Your final question comes from the line of Rob Owens with Piper Sandler.

Just a couple of quick ones for me. Where you talked about cloud migration and some of those in the pipeline. Taking the other side of that, the customers that aren't moving to cloud, what are some of the governors or some of the reasons that they're not moving to cloud at this point? I understand that having a hybrid architecture is part of your value proposition. But just contemplating that move to cloud and maybe some of the barriers to get certain customers to move.

Yes. That's a good question, Rob. So assuming that our customers -- enterprise big customers moving to the cloud from an on-prem setup means that they had their own projects. They understood the scope of these projects, and they wanted to move the workload to the cloud in order to kind of provide a better elasticity for the company. Now comes AI and they see a new workload. They don't know how much they will pay for storage. They don't know how much they will pay for data transfer when you train these models, where the data to train this model will be hosted. That takes a bit more time for them to analyze. Putting aside the cost predictability, they also have some security and governance concerns. Who is training this model, how this model is being exposed? What are we doing in order to protect the company from having any type of malicious models coming in. And this, I think, bring them to take a bit more time or at least this is what they tell us. They need a bit more time before they fully bet on the cloud like it used to be maybe in a process a year ago or 2 years ago. JFrog is positioned to capture the opportunity both ways. Either they will stay an on-prem customer, and we will support them and grow with them there or they will move to the cloud, and we will do it in the cloud with them on a multi-cloud basis or one cloud. Basically, the hybrid solution that JFrog provided is the fit for purpose that they ask for.

There are no further questions at this time. I will now turn the call back to Shlomi for closing remarks.

Thank you, everyone, for joining us on this quarter results and earnings call. May the frog be with you. Take care.

This concludes today's call. Thank you for attending. You may now disconnect.