Oystein Kalleklev
Analyst · BTIG. Please ask your question
Thanks a lot. So, let's start on Slide 11 by doing a quick recap and a review of the spot market for LNG shipping. In line with the seasonal pattern, as mentioned, the market has been softening in the first quarter as we are coming out of the peak winter season. As we mentioned in our investor day presentation back in February, we have this winter experience yet again, mild weather with the highest ever winter temperature measured in the Northern Hemisphere, which have affected gas adversely this winter as most gas is consumed in the Northern Hemisphere. In general, we had positive news surrounding the signing of the Phase 1 trade agreement between US and China and US LNG shipments to China has resumed. However, the headlines quickly shifted to the coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan with associated pump shutdowns in China during February. The February shutdowns in China resulted in poor sentiment in both the freight and product market with JKM hitting a low of $2.7 in February. However, market turned more positive in March when China started to resume normal import levels again, and JKM bounced back 30% to $3.5 by mid-March. For the freight market, this means that we went from one way economics in February to full round trip economics in March, meaning the ship owners get paid both the laden and the ballast leg, giving TCE in line with headline TC rates. But as we all know from experience today, the coronavirus went to viral and became a global pandemic, resulting in shutdowns of all major economies. This have resulted in unprecedented low gas prices again, with European prices down to $1 while JKM have cash back to $2, which is a historically low spread toward the Henry Hub Index in the US and, thus, this has created a flex of cargo cancellation recently, which suddenly relets emerging in the freight market. The lack of demand and arbitrage means that the sentiment in the freight market has been very weak in April and May, with headline rates for modern two-stroke tonnage of around 40,000 per day with a typical one way economics. This means that the ballast leg is for the owners account, and thus, the owners are currently only able to capture 50 to 60% of the headline rates. All the uncertainty in the market has also meant that charters have tended to prefer fixing single voyages rather than longer periods. Hence, while we do see a very high level of fixtures, this is mostly due to more single voyages rather than multi-voyage or period fixtures. It is maybe not too surprising that charters, which are also mostly working from home are focusing on the next cargo rather than securing shipping for the longer-term these days. Additionally, owners have been facing stiff competition from portfolio players and traders as they have been increasingly active in the markets with relets. We do, however, now see that more charters are looking for multi-month time charters for winter coverage and most charters prefer fixed price instead of index given the low charter rates. So, there are some positive signs from this behavior. Next slide, we look at the importers. We will look at the trade flows. They totally changed in 2019 compared to 2018. In 2018, it was all about Asia, increasing its import by 30 million tonnes, driven by rapid Chinese code. In 2019, the main demand in Asia was muted due to our mild winters but also by nuclear start-ups in the largest and third largest import countries, Japan and South Korea. Due to economic slowdown following trade disputes with US, Chinese demand was also on the soft side in 2019, growing only about 7 to 8 million tonnes. So, in 2019, Europe came to the rescue, increasing its import by 33 million tonnes or close to 70% growth for what is essentially a fairly mature market. However, Europe has a lot of LNG infrastructure, which have been underutilized, as well as substantial storage capacity. This, coupled with record low gas prices and higher carbon prices have made cheap LNG very competitive in Europe with eight of the 10 largest import gainers in 2019 being European. The trend has continued this year, with most of the import gainers being European. UK is continuing its path to phasing out coal. UK just went, recently, a month without utilizing coal, which have not occurred since the industrial revolution. Portugal, which was also one of the key growth areas of LNG in 2019, also went through April without burning any coal. So, this shift can happen quickly. As recently in 2012, coal provided 40% of UK's power gen. In 2019, it was only 2%, with the country running in total 83 days without coal. Soon, coal's market share in UK will be zero. The outliers here are South Korea, which has favored burning gas instead of coal with a massive closure of -- close to half of the coal plants. When bearing in mind that COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory illness, it makes a lot of sense to switch off coal and clean up the air these days, particularly when it's free to do so, as I will illustrate later. Despite the shutdowns in India and China, these countries are also actually growing LNG imports in 2020 as LNG is gradually growing its market share despite the recent turmoil. So, let's consider the largest market by far, Asia. Here, we find the largest import markets, Japan, China, South Korea and India and a lot of growth markets in Southeast Asia. As mentioned, despite COVID-19 with associated lockdowns, China, South Korea and India have posted growth this year. Chinese growth was actually lagging 2019 levels prior to the COVID-19 lockdowns due to lower economic growth, but we have seen strong growth from March onwards. US imports have also resumed, and we expect US exports to China of about half a million tonne in May, which is close to 10% market share and the highest import level of US LNG since January 2018 prior to the trade contract really escalating. While we saw a slowdown in Indian imports in April, they are expected to bounce back to 2019 levels in May. Japan is the weak market as they have experienced prolonged lockdown and not follow the policies of South Korea where coal have been replaced to a extent by LNG imports to reduce fine dust pollution. So, let's head back to the growth market, Europe. Despite high inventory levels coming out of the winter due to unseasonable warm winter, European buyers have continued to buy LNG hand over fist in 2020. The main reason is low LNG prices stimulate demand for gas injection for storage, and we do expect that European inventory levels will approach tank tops in July, August. Furthermore, the 20% reduced capacity of French nooks will stimulate additional gas demand in France and as you can see from the graph, French imports have been very healthy. Keep in mind that onshore storage capacity for gas is very limited and way beyond the storage capacity -- way below the storage capacity for oil. Furthermore, the vast majority of storage capacity is located in the US and Europe and not in the big import nations in Asia. This means Europe is the natural swing importer and the glut of LNG has resulted in record low gas and electricity prices in Europe. Once the inventory in Europe is full, we do expect the natural way to store gas will be on ships. And coupled with the contango and gas prices, we expect another round of massive floating storage once we are approaching autumn. This should, in our view, be supportive of the freight market particularly for large modern ships with low boil-off rate, which our fleet consists entirely of. So, I've already touched upon the product market and the low prices resulting from the LNG glut. As you can see from this chart, Asian LNG prices and European gas prices have been plummeting from close to 10 and $8, respectively, at the beginning of the year to record low levels now with JKM at around $2, which is similar to Henry Hub and the Dutch European gas hub price TTF even trading below $1. This is totally unprecedented that global gas prices converge to such extent and to such low levels. We have also seen an oil price clash with West Texas intermediate crude even trading below zero level. Most LNG sold and bought are still traded on the long-term oil index link usually linked to Brent or the Japanese crude cocktail. About 70% of the LNG volumes are tied to such oil-linked contracts. Usually, LNG is priced at a slight discount to oil. Energy equivalent price is 17% of a barrel of oil for 1 million BTU of LNG. Hence, we typically see this index or slope at about 12 to 14%, i.e., a discount to the 17%. For some contracts, there is a fixed price element in the graph, the fixed price is $0.8 per million BTU. For most oil priced contracts, there is a certain measurement period, usually the average price of three months. Then there's a three-month lag before the FOB price is set. FOB price is the price at the loading location, typically a liquefaction train. Cargo to Asia typically can take up to a month to transport, so this is what we call a three-three-one structure. Three months measurement period, three months delay in pricing and then one month for delivery and, thus, the des price high the price destinations. The three-three-one formula is very tightly correlated to the custom-cleared LNG import price for oil-linked LNG contracts. Hence, we do expect that the oil price clash will start to feed into contract LNG prices once we are approaching autumn. Japan and South Korea, which is the largest and third largest import nations have historically been very well covered with contracted LNG typically also LNG, which have had destination limitations. Hence, these countries have typically not responded much to lower gas price. As they have already committed to large purchases of LNG under such contracts. With the low contract basis now, we do, however, expect to see coal-to-gas switching in this nation and possibly more spot cargo procurement. As you can also see from the graph, market participants do not expect the rock bottom prices for gas to endure, and forward prices are therefore higher, something which we call contango. And this is generally supportive of freight market due to floating storage. However, the long-term prices are now very low compared to historical prices. And this, we also think will stimulate demand. As mentioned on the previous slide, LNG is a clean fuel at cheap price. It's now actually cheaper than coal when measured against higher quality Newcastle Coal, both on a regular energy quantity measure but even more so on our efficiency measurement. Most gas plants are much more efficient than a coal plant in transforming the energy content of the feedstock to usable energy. Our gas plant typically has a terminal efficiency of 50 to 55%, while coal plants have an efficiency of only 35 to 40%. Hence, in the graph, we show this Aussie and coal adjusted efficiency which create economically switching range. However, natural gas is much cleaner than flow coal. On a CO2 basis, it's about half but even more so for health instrumental emissions like particular matters of finders, SOX and NOX. In Europe, where there is a well-organized market for carbon emissions, the switching band is just wider as carbon permits in Europe have now rebounded following the plummeting prices for such emission permits following the COVID-19 outbreak. Hence, it's maybe not a big surprise that Europe have been gobbling up so much gas lately. Yes. Review. Maybe the least interesting slide in the pack today. FID saw sanctioning of new projects with the COVID-19 pandemic, the cash and energy prices and energy companies cutting their budgets, we are seeing delays in sanctioning of new projects across the board. Last year, we experienced a record amount of projects being sanctioned, and these projects are expected to come on stream from end of 2022 to 2025. For 2020, the only project we expect to be sanctioned is the expansion by the Qataris. Their nameplate capacity is currently 77 million tonnes, second only to Australia, and with cheap feed gas and deep pockets, they have announced that they take a longer view and are targeting sanctioning now, when cost of expansion is lower than what it would be in a buoyant market for oil services. Their intended expansion is between 33 to 49 million tonnes, bringing their nameplate capacity to between 110 and 126 million tonnes and thus, putting them back on the top once production starts from 2025 onwards. When looking a bit forward, we do expect new volumes to taper off after a massive increase in production capacity the last couple of years. Given the fact we have in this period experienced a US-China trade war, two record warm winters and now a global pandemic, it might not be too surprising that the market is drowning in cheap gas, although the absolute price level has surprised everyone, including the forward market. From next year to 2023, new volumes will be fairly low before we resume with large new volumes coming to the market in 2024 onwards. This means that product prices should probably stabilize on higher and more sustainable levels, which we would expect resulting in more demand built from Asia instead of Europe, which has been acting as the zinc. Higher LNG prices and ton miles should thus be supportive of the shipping demand in a period where there will be more ships than gas molecules coming to the market. As we have explained before, there's been a large technological and efficiency leap in LNG shipping technology, the last 10 or 15 years. So, we would expect that in this period, a big chunk of the older steam vessels will be leaving the market. Steam vessels today still represent more than 40% of the fleet, and our modern ships are typically close to 50% more fuel-efficient than these ships and have a 30% larger parcel size with associated reduction in carbon footprint, which is high on the agenda for most energy companies. As I've touched upon already, in the presentation. LNG is a fast track for reduction of pollutants, not only CO2, which is the major cause of global warming. But also to a greater extent, find us a particular matter, which can cause serious respiratory problems, as well as NOX and SOX. The virus behind COVID-19 is formally known -- named SARS-COVID-19. This means severe acute respiratory syndrome, or in short, SARS. COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus and share a lot of similarities with the SARS virus from 2003. However, SARS-COVID-19 is much more potent in terms of transmission as infected people can go for an extended period of time before experience any symptoms. And for most without any symptoms at all while still being able to transmit the virus to others. While it is argued that COVID-19 is a multisystem virus, it foremost attacks the upper respiratory system and people with respiratory problems are, thus, at greater risk. With the shutdowns of economies, we have seen a remarkable improvement in local air quality, particularly nitrogen dioxide. Several studies point out strong correlation between air quality and death tolls from the virus, but some argue that more dense populated areas where there are more pollutants are also at higher risk. In any case, reducing local air pollutants bring serious health benefits, particularly at this point of time. With gas prices now being below coal switching to gas, it's a free health policy. And we do hope that more countries can take guidance from South Korea and UK, which is substituting coal for natural gas on vast scale. So, this concludes today's presentation. And to summarize, we delivered fairly good trading results despite challenging markets with TCE of approximately 68,000 per day, in line with the guidance, which is well above our cash breakeven levels of around 50,000. For Q2, we expect TCE to be closer to 50, which is still in line with cash levels. Once we take delivery of the seven remaining new buildings, which are generally financed with lower leverage and lower interest rates. We do expect cash breakeven levels to fall to closer to $45,000. But they -- which gives us industry low cash breakeven levels despite having the newest most modern fleet with earnings premiums, as well as we have evidenced today and in the past. We are also pleased to announce two new financing. This secures us attractive long-term financing of $281 million, which brings the available financing for the seven remaining new buildings to $910 million, which matched very well with the remaining CapEx of 937 million, particularly given our substantial cash position of 121 million, and this is cash that is freely available and not restricted cash in any ways. We have a brand-new fleet of the most modern large ships with efficient two stroke propulsion, which is typically the ships that charters would prefer for longer-term contracts when they are entering the market for longer-term tonnage. With first-class in-house management company, we are well positioned to benefit from rare delivery of older ships under contracts once term activity pick up again after charters recently being more preoccupied with next voyage, as illustrated earlier in the presentation. And lastly, while we are now experienced market turmoil with the COVID pandemic, the long-term fundamental outlook for the industry remain very attractive. Hence we are confident that we can deliver attractive shareholder value for the patient investor given the current implied valuation, together with our super strong capitalization and liquidity position. In times like this, these attributes enable us to navigate safely in harsh weather. So, that's it for me. I would like to thank everybody for participating, and I will put the line back to Marian for any questions.