Barry Zwarenstein
Analyst · Raimo Lenschow with Barclays
Thank you, Mike. I'd like to highlight again how pleased we are with our first quarter performance. As Mike mentioned, our revenue growth has been driven by securing new customer wins and by expanding our relationship with existing customers. I will review our results for the first quarter and provide our outlook for the second quarter and the full year 2014.
But first, given that this is our initial earnings call, I would like to briefly provide an overview of our revenue model, as well as review the supplemental metrics that we currently plan to share with our investors going forward.
Recurring revenue accounted for 98% of our revenues in the first quarter. Recurring revenue is made up of monthly subscription based on the number of agent seats and minutes of usage on our Virtual Contact Center, or VCC, Cloud Platform. Our subscription fees are billed monthly in advance, while related usage fees are billed in arrears. The other 2% of our revenue is comprised of professional services fees generated from existing clients in implementing the Five9 solutions and optimizing its use. We also focus on our dollar-based retention rate. This metric is derived by taking an average of the trailing 12 months of year-on-year revenue increases from customers in our installed base in the prior year, similar to same-store sales. These rates demonstrate the recurring nature of our revenue stream and a high retention rate of our customers. Our dollar-based retention rate for the period ended March 31, 2014, was 100% compared to 100% for the 2013 fiscal year. We have a diversified customer base of over 2,000 customers, with no single customer representing more than 5% of revenue.
Now moving on to our financial results for the first quarter. Revenue for the first quarter of 2014 was $24.3 million, up 27% from the first quarter of 2013. Gross margin, adjusted to exclude all noncash charges, namely stock-based compensation, amortization and depreciation, was 51.1% for the first quarter compared to 43.5% for the same period in 2013. The improvements to our adjusted gross margin are primarily driven by improved usage efficiencies, continued benefits from economies of scale and the elimination of duplicate data centers in 2013. It is important to point out that while usage revenue generates gross margins below our subscription margins, usage revenue comes with very minor incremental operating expenses and, therefore, generates considerable bottom line leverage. We believe our adjusted gross margin is on track to reach 65% to 70% in the long term, driven by, in ascending order of importance: first, further improvement in usage margins late this year, as we get a return on the capital and expense investments we are currently making in least cost routing and related initiatives; second, reducing the drag on overall margins we currently bear from our professional services revenues, as we will see the benefits in 2015 and 2016 from various steps being taken in this area; and thirdly, continuing and considerable benefits from economies of scale, as revenue increases over time. Please note that a reconciliation of GAAP gross margin to adjusted gross margin, as well as other reconciliations from non-GAAP to GAAP results, is provided with our earnings press release.
GAAP sales and marketing expenses for the first quarter of 2014 totaled 37% of revenue or $9 million compared to 32% of revenue or $6.1 million for the first quarter of 2013. We continue to aggressively invest in both sales and marketing to continue to gain market share.
GAAP R&D expenses for the first quarter of 2014 totaled 22% of revenue or $5.2 million compared to 22% of revenue or $4.2 million a year ago. The dollar-based increase was driven by continued investments and enhancements of our industry-leading platform.
GAAP G&A expenses for the first quarter of 2014 totaled 25% of revenue or $6.2 million compared to 20% of revenue or $3.8 million for the prior year period. The increase was driven mainly by preparation for the IPO and for being a public company.
Adjusted EBITDA loss was $6.5 million for the first quarter of 2014 compared to a loss of $5.5 million for the first quarter of 2013. GAAP net loss for the first quarter 2014 was $8.3 million, or $1.48 per share, compared to a net loss of $6.7 million, or $1.88 per share, for the first quarter of 2013. Non-GAAP net loss for the first quarter of 2014 was $8.7 million, or $1.55 per share, compared to a net loss of $6.6 million, or $1.87 per share, for the first quarter of 2013. Included in the GAAP net loss for the first quarter of this year was a benefit of $1.7 million, equivalent to $0.31 per share, due to the revaluation of preferred and common stock warrants relating to the pricing of our IPO. Per share amount exclude the impact of our issuance of 11.5 million shares of our common stock and the conversion of 30.6 million preferred shares as a result of our IPO on April 4, 2014.
Regarding our tax rate, we have substantial NOL balance that we will continue to utilize. We expect the dollar amount of taxes relating to our foreign subsidiaries to be approximately 125 -- $120,000 for the year 2014. As of March 31, 2014, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $29.2 million.
As to underwriting fees, offering expenses, net proceeds from our initial public offering were approximately $72.7 million, resulting in pro forma cash of $101.9 million. As of March 31, 2014, our debt totaled $48.2 million, comprised of a revolver, term loans, notes payable and capital leases.
We maintained a strong DSO performance. And DSOs for the period ended March 31, 2014, were 22 days compared to 25 days in the prior year.
Cash outflow from operations was $6.2 million, and free cash outflow was $7.1 million after taking into account $900,000 of capital expenditures in the first quarter.
I'd like to finish today's prepared remarks with a brief discussion of our expectations for the second quarter and full year 2014.
For the second quarter, we expect revenue in the range of $24.4 million to $25.2 million. GAAP net loss is expected to be in the range of $11.6 million to $12.6 million. And non-GAAP net loss is expected to be in the range of $9.8 million to $10.8 million.
For the full year, we expect revenue in the range of $102 million to $106 million. GAAP net loss is expected to be in the range of $41.7 million to $43.9 million. And non-GAAP net loss is expected to be in the range of $36.8 million to $38.8 million.
For modeling purposes, we would like to provide you the following additional information. For calculating EPS, we expect our shares to be 45 million in the second quarter, 49 million in the third quarter and 49.6 million in the fourth quarter and 34.6 million for the full year. Our CapEx is expected to total approximately $9 million for 2014.
In summary, we are very pleased with our strong performance for the quarter. We remain confident in our ability to achieve our long-term operating model, gross margins of 65% to 70% and adjusted EBITDA margins greater than 20%. Moving forward, we believe that our comprehensive cloud software solution for contact centers provide us with a clear advantage to capture increased market share in a dynamic multi-billion dollar market while also benefiting from increasing sales into our existing customer base.
Lastly, before we turn to your questions, I'd like to mention our upcoming conference participation. We are presenting at the JPMorgan 2014 Technology, Media and Telecom Conference in Boston on Tuesday, May 20; and the Bank of America Merrill Lynch 2014 Global Technology Conference in San Francisco on Wednesday, June 4. A press release will be issued with further details on these events.
And now we'd like to open the call for your questions. Operator, please go ahead.