Eric R. Dey
Analyst · David Togut with Evercore ISI
For the first quarter of 2016, we reported revenue of $414.3 million, relatively flat to the $416.2 million in the first quarter of 2015. The revenue from our North American segment increased 1.6% to $303.5 million from $298.8 million in the first quarter of 2016. Revenue from our International segment was down 5.7% to $110.7 million from $117.4 million in the first quarter of 2016.
For the first quarter of 2016, GAAP net income increased 16.8% to $110 million or $1.17 per diluted share from $94.2 million or $1 per diluted share in the first quarter of 2015.
The other financial metrics that we routinely use are adjusted revenues and adjusted net income, which we sometimes also refer to as cash net income or cash EPS. Adjusted revenues equal our GAAP revenues less merchant commissions. We use adjusted revenues as a basis to evaluate the company's revenues, net of the commissions that are paid to merchants who participate in certain card programs. We prepare adjusted net income to eliminate the effects of noncash items that we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance. A reconciliation of adjusted revenues and adjusted net income to GAAP numbers are provided in Exhibit 1 of our press release.
Adjusted revenues in the first quarter of 2016 of $386 million were relatively flat compared to $388.8 million in the first quarter of 2015. Adjusted net income for the first quarter of 2016 increased 6% to $144.3 million or $1.53 per diluted share compared to $135.9 million or $1.45 per diluted share in the first quarter of 2015.
Included in the first quarter results was the impact of the macroeconomic environment, which continued to be unfavorable versus the prior year. When we talk about the macroeconomic environment, we are referring to the impact that market fuel spread margins, fuel prices and foreign exchange rates can have on our business. Changes in foreign exchange rates were unfavorable in most geographies for the quarter and overall, we believe, negatively impacted revenue during the quarter by approximately $13 million. Fuel prices and spreads were also unfavorable during the quarter and although we cannot precisely calculate the impact of these changes, we believe, negatively impacted revenues by approximately $25 million.
In total, the impact of these changes negatively impacted our revenues by approximately $38 million in the first quarter and adjusted net income per diluted share by approximately $0.21. On a constant macro basis, revenues would have been up approximately 9% and adjusted net income per diluted share would have been up approximately 20%.
For the first quarter of 2016, transaction volumes increased 13% to 487 million transactions compared to 431.3 million transactions in the first quarter of 2015. North American segment transactions grew 13%, driven primarily by growth in the MasterCard and SVS businesses. Transaction volumes in our International segment grew 12% and were primary impacted by the addition of new Shell markets in 2015 and a small tuck-in acquisition in the first quarter of 2016.
For discussion on revenue per transaction, we are going to exclude the impact of the SVS business, which had approximately 342 million transactions in the quarter at a very low revenue per transaction. Revenue per transaction for the first quarter of 2016, excluding the SVS business, decreased 10.6% to $2.56 from $2.87 in the first quarter of 2015. Revenue per transaction can vary based on the geography, the relevant merchant and customer relationship, the payment product utilized and the types of products or services purchased. The revenue mix is influenced by our acquisitions, organic growth in the business and fluctuations in the macroeconomic environment.
Revenue per transaction, excluding SVS, decreased 8% in North American due primarily to the impact of lower fuel prices during the quarter and lower fuel spread margins versus prior year. And although we cannot precisely calculate the impact of these changes, we believe they negatively impacted our revenues by approximately $24 million in the first quarter. On a constant macro basis, revenue per transaction in North America segment would have been approximately $3.09 versus $3.07 in 2015.
In the International segment, revenue per transaction decreased 16% due primarily to unfavorable foreign exchange rates in most of our geographies. Foreign exchange rates impacted revenues unfavorably by approximately $13 million in the quarter. On a constant macro basis and excluding the small tuck-in acquisition, which had transactions at a very low revenue per transaction, revenue per transaction in the International segment would have been approximately $2.72 versus $2.51 in 2015.
Now let's shift over and discuss some other drivers of our first quarter performance. For our North American segment, most of our lines of business performed well, resulting in approximately 10% organic growth rate in the quarter at a constant fuel price spread and foreign exchange rate basis. Some of the positive drivers in North America revenue during the quarter were similar to the last several quarters, including the exceptional performance of our MasterCard product, which had revenue growth of approximately 48% over the first quarter of 2015, assuming constant fuel prices.
The CLC Group, provider of our lodging card programs, had another solid quarter with 7% revenue growth over the first quarter of 2015. This revenue growth was driven primarily by increase in our CheckINN Direct product, which targets smaller accounts, partially offset by softness in some of our larger accounts that primarily do business in the oil and gas sector.
Our Comdata business performed well in the quarter. The trucking business was up about 11% in the quarter, and growth in the corporate payment business was also up 13%, excluding health care.
Our Pac Pride business is off to a great start, and we have already nearly doubled the revenue of the business since we acquired it in 2014.
International segment revenue was down approximately 6% in the first quarter of 2016 versus the first quarter of 2015. This decrease was driven primarily by unfavorable foreign exchange rates in most geographies, which negatively impacted revenues by approximately $13 million in the quarter versus last year. On a constant currency and fuel price basis, organic growth was approximately 6% for the first quarter.
Results in our International business were impacted by the continued conversion of the Shell's small business portfolio. We are now in a total of 7 markets with a plan to convert the remaining markets during the remainder of 2016. On the downside, the economies in Brazil and Russia continue to struggle and are impacting revenues in those markets.
Now moving down the income statement. Total operating expenses for the first quarter were $238.3 million compared to $252.4 million in the first quarter of 2015, a decrease of 5.6%. As a percentage of total revenues, operating expenses decreased to 57.5% of revenue compared to 60.6% in the first quarter of 2015. Included in operating expenses are merchant commissions, processing expenses, bad debt, selling and general administrative expense, depreciation and amortization expense and other operating net. Included in the first quarter 2016 operating expense were favorable impacts resulting from foreign exchange rates being down in most of our foreign businesses, which resulted in an approximately $10 million favorable adjustment to amortization and a $6 million adjustment in other expense lines.
Also, stock-based compensation expense in the first quarter of 2016 was $15.9 million compared to $17.7 million in the first quarter of 2015.
Credit losses were $6.8 million for the quarter compared to $8.1 million in the first quarter of 2015. The decrease in bad debt was primarily due to lower bad debt in some of our U.S. businesses in the quarter.
Interest expense decreased 17% to $16.2 million in the first quarter of 2016 from $19.6 million in the first quarter of 2015. The decrease in interest expense was due primarily to the impact of delevering from the first quarter of 2015 through the first quarter of 2016.
Our effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2016 was 29.9% compared to 32.6% for the first quarter of 2015. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to certain favorable discrete items booked in the first quarter of 2016 of approximately $3 million and an overall lower tax rate related to tax planning initiatives that were implemented late in 2015. The 2016 tax benefit booked in the first quarter related to tax planning initiatives was approximately $1.2 million.
Now turning to the balance sheet. We ended the quarter with approximately $545 million in total cash, approximately $145 million of which are restricted and are primarily customer deposits.
As of March 31, 2016, we had approximately $1,894,000,000 outstanding on our Term A loan, $247 million outstanding on our Term B loan and $90 million drawn on our revolver, leaving approximately $945 million of undrawn availability. We had approximately $551 million borrowed against our securitization facility.
As of March 31, 2016, our leverage ratio was 2.35x EBITDA, which is well below our covenant level of 4x EBITDA. We intend to use our free cash flow to temporarily pay down the balance on our revolving credit facility and securitization facility and maintain liquidity for acquisitions and other corporate purposes.
To remind everyone, on February 4, 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a repurchase of up to $500 million of FleetCor's common stock during an 18-month period ending August 1, 2017. During the first quarter of 2016, the company did not repurchase any stock as our trading window did not open due to the impending announcement of the STP transaction. Our intention is to implement a 10b5-1 share buyback plan when the window opens in the next few weeks. There is no guarantee as to the number of shares that will be repurchased, and the stock repurchase program may be extended, suspended or discontinued at any time without notice at FleetCor's discretion. Any repurchases are expected to be funded by available cash flow from the business and undrawn revolver.
And finally, we are not a capital-intensive business, and we spent only $12 million on CapEx during the first quarter of 2016.
Now on to our outlook for the remainder of 2016. Before I begin our discussion on guidance, I want to update you on our latest thinking about the macroeconomic environment. Although foreign exchange rates and fuel prices are trending a little better than our 2016 assumptions we provided on the January call, we are keeping our prior macro guidance unchanged until more of a trend can be established. We don't know how the environment will actually play out in 2016. But if it stays anywhere where it is today or continues to improve, some of the headwind we have been experiencing may come back as a tailwind.
For the balance of the year, we are keeping our prior macro guidance intact, and we are estimating that foreign exchange rates will negatively impact revenue by approximately $32 million for the next 3 quarters compared to the 2015 average for the same period. And the absolute price of fuel is expected to be a headwind to revenue of approximately $32 million for the last 3 quarters versus the 2015 average over the comparable period.
In addition, we believe market spreads will be better than historic levels but contribute approximately $7 million less revenue than 2015 spreads for the balance of the year. In aggregate, we believe the macroeconomic environment creates an approximately $70 million in revenue headwind and approximately a $0.50 cash EPS headwind for the rest of the year versus the 2015 averages.
That being said, we expect total revenues to be between $1,730,000,000 and $1,780,000,000; adjusted net income to be between $608 million and $628 million; and adjusted net income per diluted share to be between $6.43 and $6.63 or $6.53 at the midpoint.
Some of the assumptions that we have made in preparing this guidance include the following: weighted fuel prices equal to $1.91 per gallon average for 2016 compared to $2.56 per gallon average in 2015, a reduction of approximately 25%; market spreads returning to more historical levels for the rest of 2016, down approximately $7 million versus 2015; foreign exchange rates equal to the 7-day average ending January 15, 2016; the SVS business is retained for all of 2016; continued weakness in the company's Russian and Brazilian businesses; a full year tax rate of 31.9%; fully diluted shares outstanding of 94.7 million shares; and no impact related to acquisitions or material new partnership agreements.
We have also not included any impact related to the previously announced STP acquisitions. We may have upside to this guidance in the range of $0.20 to $0.25 in adjusted net income per diluted share if we close STP, as expected, in the third quarter and the macro stays where it is today.
As we stated on the STP call in March, we expect that an STP closing in the third quarter could add approximately $0.10 in incremental adjusted net income per diluted share. Also, if the macro stays where it is today, we could expect incremental revenue of approximately $20 million to $25 million and adjusted net income per diluted share of approximately $0.10 to $0.15.
For those of you that are looking for guidance for the second quarter, I want to remind everyone that our business has some seasonality and the macro will have an impact on the second quarter, as I previously discussed. For the second quarter, we are expecting adjusted net income per diluted share to be approximately the same as the first quarter.
Finally to remind everyone, our volumes build throughout the year and our new asset initiatives gain momentum throughout the year, resulting in a much higher earnings per share in the third and fourth quarters. Traditionally, our third and fourth quarters' earnings tend to be quite similar. We have no plans to provide quarterly guidance going forward but ready to update our annual guidance each quarter.
And with that said, operator, we'll open it up for questions.