CNO Financial Group, Inc. (CNO) Q3 2022 Earnings Report, Transcript and Summary

Hello and welcome to today’s CNO Financial Group’s Third [Quarter 2022 Earnings] [ph] Results. My name is [Bailey] [ph] and I’ll be your moderator for today’s call. All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to pass the conference over to our host Adam Auvil. Please go ahead when you’re ready.

Good morning and thank you for joining us on CNO Financial Group's third quarter 2022 earnings conference call. Today's presentation will include remarks from Gary Bhojwani, Chief Executive Officer; and Paul McDonough, Chief Financial Officer. Following the presentation, we will also have other business leaders available for the question-and-answer period. During this conference call, we will be referring to information contained in yesterday's press release. You can obtain the release by visiting Media section of our website at cnoinc.com. This morning's presentation is also available in the Investors section of our website and was filed in a Form 8-K yesterday. We expect to file our Form 10-Q and post it on our website on or before November 4. Let me remind you that any forward-looking statements we make today are subject to a number of factors, which may cause actual results to be materially different than those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Today's presentations contain a number of non-GAAP measures, which should not be considered as substitutes for the most directly comparable GAAP measures. You'll find a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures to the corresponding GAAP measures in the appendix. Throughout the presentation, we will be making performance comparisons, and unless otherwise specified, any comparisons made will be referring to changes between third quarter 2022 and third quarter 2021. And with that, I'll turn the call over to Gary.

Thanks Adam. Good morning everyone and thank you for joining us. Turning to Slide 4 and our third quarter performance. We reported operating earnings per share of $0.49. Our underlying business results are stable with insurance product margins performing as expected. Strong new money rates in the quarter led to sequential growth in our yield-on assets, allocated to products, reversing a long-term trend of declining portfolio yields. Gradually declining yield on historically low new money rates over the last several years have offset growth in assets, thereby constraining investment income results. We are cautiously optimistic this inflection point signals stabilized yield in the portfolio. Our focus remains squarely on accelerating sales growth and agent productivity. We delivered strong sales performance this quarter in life and health NAP, annuities, direct-to-consumer businesses, and Worksite insurance sales. Strategic investments and product enhancements in our consumer and Worksite divisions have positioned us well to capture year-end sales and enrollment opportunities. We returned $26 million to shareholders, including $10 million in share buybacks. We reduced the weighted average shares outstanding by 10% since the third quarter of 2021. Our key capital ratios are at or slightly above target levels, reflecting the robust capital generation capacity of the enterprise and disciplined capital management. Our balance sheet is strong, and enables our ability to navigate the changing economic environment. We increased book value per diluted share excluding AOCI by 15%. Turning to Slide 5 in our growth scorecard. Continued strong production in the quarter demonstrated the depth and resiliency of our model. I'll touch on the specifics by division in the next two slides. Beginning with the Consumer Division on Slide 6. We are pleased with our production results. As in previous quarters, we continue to achieve strong growth in both our annuities and direct-to-consumer business. Life and health sales were flat to prior year against the tough comparable. Last year, we achieved record sales in the State of Washington as a result of legislation that requires workers to contribute to a state sponsored long-term care fund unless they receive an approved exemption for owning private LTC insurance. Adjusting for these sales, Life and Health NAP was up 3% year-over-year. Direct-to-consumer life sales were up 4%, the sixth consecutive quarter of sales growth. This channel continues to benefit from efficiencies in advertising spend and policy conversion rates, as well as enhanced distribution. As we have mentioned, our approach to Medicare includes our manufactured Medicare supplement plan and a large slate of third-party Medicare Advantage and Part D prescription drug providers. During the quarter, we continued the rollout of our new Medicare Supplement plans. This product is more competitive and is now available in nearly every state. As compared to the previous quarter, Med Supp NAP is up 16%. We continue to expand the number of Medicare Advantage carrier plans that are available through our myHealthPolicy platform. This platform enables customers to buy plans through direct enrollments online, through our tele-sales operations, or through our field agents via a newly operationalized pilot program. I will cover this program in greater detail shortly. For the quarter, Medicare Advantage sales, which drive fee revenue are up 26%. [Technical Difficulty] fee business is not reflected in NAP. We are capitalizing on a strong Medicare annual enrollment period, which began on October 15 and runs through December 7. We recently operationalized a pilot that instantly connects consumers responding to one of our marketing campaigns to a banker's life agent in their area. These agents have local knowledge that is uniquely suited to help customers with their enrollment decisions. After this initial introduction, local agents can build relationships with their new clients and assist with additional insurance and retirement needs. Our broad product portfolio and omnichannel distribution model are competitive strengths in this important market. The pandemic accelerated the adoption of virtual tools both at home and in the workplace. Our unique capabilities marry this virtual connection with our established in-person agent force who complete the critical last mile of sales and service delivery. Annuity selected premiums were up 11%, compared to the prior year. This represents eight consecutive quarters of year-over-year growth. Seven of those eight quarters posted double-digit increases. As a reminder, fixed index annuity products tend to perform well in an environment of rising interest rates and uncertain equity markets. The need for reliable retirement income combined with the increased risk of pure equity investments continue to make these products attractive to our customers. These products represent an important component of our product suite creating value for our customers and shareholders. We like the risk adjusted return characteristics of the product. When comparing the present value of future profitability on a capital adjusted basis, our fixed index annuities are slightly more favorable leaving us largely indifferent from a sales mix perspective. Our annuities are also less complex than most annuities in the market, thereby reducing the potential for a significant tail risk event. Client relationships tend to be stickier when customers own annuities because they're typically entrusting us with a considerable percentage of their network. That dynamic enhances the lifetime value of those customers as we offer them additional products over time to address their evolving needs. Client assets in brokerage and advisory were down 9% year-over-year to $2.5 billion in the third quarter as a result of declining equity values. However, we reported increases in net inflows and new accounts. Combined with our annuity account values, we managed more than $13 billion in assets for our clients. Our agent productivity is improving and we continue to experience positive momentum in agent recruiting. Field producing agent count was down 6%, primarily due to the tight labor market over the last 12 months. As mentioned last quarter, the softening macro environment appears to be helping our recruiting efforts. Agent recruiting was up 9% for the quarter, representing our third consecutive quarter of recruiting games. These results further signal that we are at an inflection point in agent recruiting. Please remember that it does take time for a new agent to meet the minimum level of production to be counted as a producing agent. Finally, veteran agent retention remains stable and agent productivity was up 5%. Our registered agent count increased 7% from prior year as more agents became securities professionals. Turning to Slide 7 and our worksite division performance. Insurance sales were up 33% in this quarter. This is the second consecutive quarter of double-digit growth. We continue to experience an acceleration in sales as COVID disruption subsided and access to employees has improved. As I shared in our last call, we recently announced the launch of Optavise. Through this single worksite brand, we can now offer employers and employees a one-stop shop for expert guidance from our agents benefit educators and healthcare advocates, voluntary benefits, year round communications and advocacy services, and benefits administration technology. We recently rolled out Optavise Now, our hybrid enrollment platform to give our agents greater flexibility to connect with employees wherever they are. We saw positive customer experience with the platform and strong attendance from initial enrollment cases. This is another example now within the worksite business, of how we are marrying the virtual connection with our in-person agent force to complete the last mile of sales and service delivery in a differentiated manner. In the fourth quarter, most employers conduct their employee benefits enrollments. As a result, October through December are critical months for our worksite business. We have seen meaningful increases in scheduled enrollments over the next several months and expect utilization of the Optavise Now platform to increase in the quarter. Retention of our existing employer customers remains strong and employee persistency within these employer groups is stable. Producing agent count was up 13% year-over-year and 10% sequentially. First year agent counts were up substantially year-over-year. These results are due in large part to the field agent referral program that we introduced in late 2021 and modeled after an effective consumer division program. New agents who are referred by an existing agent stay with us longer and are more successful. We also saw improved conversion rates of new agents into producing agents. Recent improvements to our new agent onboarding and skills development programs are credited for these positive trends. We expect the momentum to persist as our agent force rebuild and favorable agent productivity continues. The integration of our fee-based businesses continues to progress steadily. Fee revenue within the worksite division was up 2% in the quarter. And with that, I'll turn it over to Paul.

Thanks, Gary, and good morning, everyone. Turning to the financial highlights on Slide 8. We generated operating earnings per share of $0.49 in the quarter. Results in the period reflect favorable supplemental health margins and stable net investment income allocated to product, offset by lower annuity and life margins. Annuity results were again affected by largely non-economic GAAP accounting impacts, which I'll address in more detail in a moment. As expected, variable investment income results were lower in the quarter, which was partially offset by higher net investment income allocated to product, reflecting continued growth in the business and the second consecutive quarter of new money rates above the portfolio yield. These sum of expenses allocated to products and not allocated to products, excluding significant items was up 8%, primarily reflecting continued investment and growth initiatives. Our annualized effective tax rate was up 136 basis points to 23.5% from the year ago period, but flat to the first half of 2022. The change from prior years driven by a change in Illinois state income taxes as discussed last quarter. We deployed $10 million of capital on share repurchases in the quarter contributing to a 10% reduction in weighted average diluted shares outstanding year-over-year. For the 12-months ending September 30, 2022, operating return on equity was 10.2%. Turning to Slide 9. Insurance product margin was down [$16 million] [ph] or 7% in the third quarter as compared to the prior year period. Adjusting for the GAAP accounting impacts caused by market volatility on our fixed index annuity margins, COVID impacts across all of our products, the increase in non-deferred advertising expense, and the favorable non-COVID mortality in the prior period as referenced on the slide, total margin was flat reflecting the continued stable underlying dynamics of the business. As usual, there were some puts and takes by product line. Adjusting for these items, annuity margin was down by 2 million, health margin up 5 million, and life margin down 3 million. Health margins benefited from an update to the loss adjustment expense claim reserve, bringing those reserves more in-line with recent experience as a result of the recently completed study. Turning to Slide 10. As Gary mentioned, we like the risk adjusted profitability of our annuity book. Even though GAAP accounting creates a volatility for these products under certain market conditions, let me provide some context. We're able to very effectively hedge the exposure to equity market volatility inherent in our FIAs using one-year call options, resulting in stable and predictable spread earnings on an economic basis. Over time, we're able to manage to a target spread based on the initial crediting rate and the ability to adjust the crediting rate on each [anniversary date] [ph]. However, the GAAP accounting for our FIAs introduces volatility in our reported earnings as financial conditions, particularly interest rates fluctuate. We attempt to reflect this volatility in non-operating income, but the methodology developed years ago to accomplish that objective wasn't designed for periods of significant volatility resulting in a portion of the volatility reported in operating income. We believe the noise in the GAAP results obscures the economic earnings dynamics of this product. As you can see from Slide 10, adjusting for these impacts, our annuity margin is very stable. Turning to Slide 11, investment income allocated to products was up slightly as the new money rates above 5% in the second and third quarter reversed the trend of a declining yield leading to a sequential gain of 4 basis points. Our new money rate was 5.36% for the quarter reflecting higher interest rates and spreads. Investment income not allocated to products, which is where the variable components of investment income flow through fell in the quarter as expected. The $19 million decline reflects lower alternative investment returns, partially offset by favorable FHLB results and the addition of the FABN program. Our new investments comprised 900 million of assets with a rating of AA- and an average duration of 6.6 years. Our new investments are summarized in more detail on Slides 23 and 24 of the presentation. Turning to Slide 12. At quarter-end, our invested assets totaled $23 billion, down 15% year-over-year reflecting declining market values in the quarter, driven primarily by higher interest rates. Approximately 96% of our fixed maturity portfolio at quarter-end was investment grade rated with an average rating of [single A] [ph], reflecting our up in quality actions over the last several quarters. As a result of our up in quality bias, we are well-positioned for where we are in the credit cycle. The allocation to single A rated or higher securities is up 360 basis points year-over-year, while the BBB allocation is down 290 basis points year-over-year. Turning to Slide 13. At quarter-end, our consolidated RBC ratio was 375% at target, and up from 360% at June 30. Our holdco liquidity was $162 million, $12 million above our minimum target of 150 million and up from 141 million at June 30. Turning to Slide 14, I'd like to provide a bit more detail on the impact of ASC 944 or the long duration targeted improvement standard on our financial results. First, as you all know, but I think it bears repeating, the accounting change will have no impact on statutory accounting or the capital required by regulators, cash flows, or lifetime GAAP profits, although it does modify when the profits emerge over time. You may recall that during our first quarter 2022 earnings call and in our first and second quarter 10-Q filings, we disclosed estimated impacts of [ad time] [ph] of transition on AOCI and retained earnings. We're now augmenting that disclosure with directional impacts on reported operating earnings from the transition date into 2021 and 2022. Under the new standard, we expect recast GAAP earnings will be modestly higher and perhaps more importantly less volatile. This is due to a number of factors. First, we are seeing less quarter to quarter volatility in most products as temporary deviations from experience are offset by reserve changes in the current period. As you know, this is different than current GAAP accounting for health and traditional life products where no such change to reserves is made unless there is a loss recognition event. Second, we expect positive impacts from the gradual release of provisions for adverse deviations or PADs embedded in our transition balance sheet reserves. This will affect our health and traditional life [in force blocks] [ph] of business and will be spread over the remaining life of those blocks. Third, we expect positive impacts from lower amortization of deferred acquisition costs or DAC and other similar intangible assets. This change represents the largest impact to operating earnings benefiting all major product categories. Fourth, the previously disclosed transition impacts to retained earnings from reserve changes on certain cohorts of older long-term care policies will increase earnings in 2021 and 2022 due to favorable experience during these periods. We do not expect this positive impact to persist materially past year-end 2022. Based on current conditions, we expect the first three impacts to carry forward post the recast period. We had made significant progress towards the January 1, 2023 adoption of the standard and expect to provide quantitative impacts, including recast results around the time we report full-year 2022 results in the first quarter of 2023. And with that, I'll turn it back to Gary.

Thanks, Paul. As we look toward 2023 and beyond, CNO's growth and shareholder return opportunity remain compelling. Our market is growing and offers favorable demographic tailwinds. Our virtual selling technology coupled with our established in-person agent force enable us to deliver the last mile of sales and service delivery. And we have the requisite financial strength and cash flow to fund our growth. Before we open it up for questions, a reminder that next Tuesday, November 8 is election day. Voting is one of our most important civic rides. At CNO, we encourage our associates to get out and vote. I extend that encouragement to everyone on the call as well. Thank you for your support of and interest in CNO Financial Group. Operator, let's now open it up for questions.

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question today comes from the line of Ryan Krueger from Stifel. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

Hey, thanks. Good morning. It looks like your required capital within the RBC ratio came down a bit. Could you give any more color on what led to that?

Sure. Good morning, Ryan. It's Paul. So, we took some actions with our investment portfolio that freed up capital in the quarter, which basically right-sizes the use of capital by investments on a year to date basis. Just to provide some context in a typical quarter, our investment activity increases our RBC by between 4 and 5 points. We were well ahead of that pace in the first half of the year, driven primarily by our investments in the [health of capital] [ph] and the FABN program. In the third quarter, we restructured the Rialto Capital investment to make it more capital efficient and sold some below investment grade bonds, reinvesting them in investment grade bonds consistent with our up in quality bias.

Thanks. That's helpful. And then I guess now that your capital ratios are back at targeted levels, how are you thinking about buyback activity going forward? Would you expect to deploy most free cash flow generated going forward into buybacks, dividends and other uses or would you like to build up your capital ratios a little bit more?

Sure. So, I'd say we'll air on the plus side of the target 375 through the fourth quarter, not changing that target, but building in some conservatism. Just given where we are in the credit cycle, and then settle into a run rate of use of excess capital in the same fashion as we have historically, but in the context of the opportunities we see to grow the business.

Ryan, I'd just like to supplement Paul's comments a little bit. I agree with him about the requisite caution here in 4Q given what's happening in the credit cycle. So, we're definitely aligned on that. And I just want to assure our analysts and our shareholders, the thought process and the analysis we're going to bring to the deployment of capital has not changed. It’s the same that we've brought over the last several years, meaning we will look at all growth opportunities that are presented to us, including things like share buyback. I do want to remind everybody though that as we do seek to grow and please remember we were on a very good growth trajectory before COVID and we'd like to reestablish that growing does consume capital. So, I just want to make sure folks remember that as we seek to grow, that does take capital and we'll continue to bring the same discipline we brought over the last several years. There are quarters where we'll buy more stock and there are quarters where we'll focus more on growth.

Thanks. Appreciate it.

Thank you. The next question today comes from the line of Daniel Bergman from Jefferies. Please go ahead. [Technical Difficulty]

Hi, guys. Good morning. I guess first I just wanted to see if you had any updated thoughts on, kind of the demand you're seeing for life insurance products as the pandemic hopefully eases? And relatedly wanted to see if you can give an update on life persistency, kind of what you saw in the quarter and how recent persistency levels have compared to pre-COVID levels?

Hi, Daniel. This is Gary. Maybe I'll start and then I'll hand it over to Paul. We've been pretty pleased with the demand for our life insurance, particularly in our direct-to-consumer businesses. It's been quite healthy and we've got several quarters under our belt now of steady growth there, and we're actually looking forward to seeing some of that in our agent produced businesses. I certainly understand that one would expect life insurance demand to slow down a little bit post-COVID. People really got focused on things like life insurance, leading it up to COVID as it was building up, but so far, we're quite pleased with the demand. We think that our consumers still need this product and are acting accordingly. Of course, we do think some demand will slow, but so far it's been good and we're pleased with the growth rates we've been able to put up. In terms of persistency, maybe I'll hand it over to Paul to give you some color on that.

Yes, good morning, Dan. So, the persistency has really been quite stable through the pandemic and through the most recent period, certainly bounces around a little bit here and there, but kind of within a reasonable range of variance. I think there's been a thesis in the industry that a lot of the life product that was bought during the pandemic would not persist, sort of at historical levels. We've not seen any indication of that in our own experience.

Got it. That's really helpful. Thanks. And then maybe just switching gears a little, I wanted to see if you can give an update on I guess what you're seeing in your appetite for further growth in that funding agreement back [indiscernible] market. Just any update on, kind of competition and investor demand would be helpful? And relatedly it looks like investment results in FHLB program are also pretty strong again this quarter. So, any update there? And whether that recent step-up in earnings is sustainable would be very helpful?

Yes. This is Eric Johnson, and I'll be happy to give you some [talk track] [ph] around that. Yes, I think we've had good outcomes so far with both of those institutional products. In both cases, we've been able to meet and even exceed our return objectives. while at the same time maintaining good quality, highly liquid asset allocation, meeting all of our targets from a risk management perspective as well. So, we're very happy with it. Now, having said that, there are two aspects. One, we are mindful of the required capital to support those activities. And so, that's something we keep a [careful eye] [ph] on in terms of best, the highest and best use of capital. Although, as I said, we're making very solid returns there. The second point is just the [indiscernible] has to be right. We're not doing it just for the incremental dollar of NII. The [indiscernible] got to be right to produce a good return. In today's market, with funding agreements, I'm not sure that a single issuer is going to get the best end of that bargain without taking perhaps an undue level of investment risk. We're not going to do that today, but certainly keeping our eyes open for opportunities in windows where the [indiscernible] open back up and we can do something. In regards to Federal Home Loan Bank, we're very good partners with them that has – hits a different point on the yield curve and attracts in a sense a different asset allocation. It could be that as you look into early next year, we'd reassess the scaling of that program and it could grow some, although it would only grow if at the time we can continue to achieve the good results we have achieved. So, we're pretty disciplined about it, but I would think that as you get into next year, there may be opportunities for us to get a little bigger, but not a giant quantum.

Got it. That's really helpful. Thank you.

You're welcome.

Thank you. The next question today comes from the line of Mark Dwelle from RBC. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

Yeah, good morning. A couple of questions. I wanted to start on the holding company liquidity, the amount of increase in the quarter was a little bit more than I was able to track just looking at obvious in-flows and outflows. Could you help maybe reconcile how you move from 140 to 160 in the quarter?

Sure. Good morning, Mark. It’s Paul. So, the major pieces are identified in the cash flow slide that's included in the earnings presentation. One of those items is a little bit outsized relative to a normal pattern and that's the other 18 million in the quarter. And that does bounce around, but it's certainly larger this quarter than usual. And it's mostly related to the timing of payables and receivables between the Holdco and the OpCo. So, that might suggest that there should have been perhaps a bit more at the OpCo versus the Holdco, but it wouldn't change our capital position taking those two things together.

Got it. Okay. All right. That was the only numbers question I had. Then, [indiscernible], you talked about it a little bit in the opening comments, but there's been the initiative for a few years to try to build up the agency headcount and improve the productivity there. Can you maybe just provide a broader and more detailed update of, kind of what you're doing there, how you're – what are doing to drive the productivity improvements and maybe ultimately kind of what differentiates CNO relative to some of its competitors on – with the agency force that it has?

Yes. Mark, this is Gary. I'll take a crack at that question. So, first of all, thanks for the question. If you look back to a program we initiated several years ago, we identified that we of course need to grow our agency force at the lifeblood of any life insurance agency. We always need to be growing it, but we really felt the balance was off between growing the top line headcount versus focusing on the retention of the agents and the productivity of the agents. We really identified those as being key factors. As an example, there was a point not so long in our history when we were recruiting as many as 10,000 a year. And if you fast forward the clock, three years later, roughly a hundred of those folks would still be standing. And that's just a brutal amount of churn. So, we decided to shift to a model where instead of say 10,000 we were recruiting roughly 5,000 agents a year, and three years later instead of a 100 of them still being standing, we’d have 300 of them standing. So, still a pretty tough model given the nature of the business, but a material improvement in terms of the yield, 300 out of 5,000 as opposed to 100 out of 10,000. And those numbers aren't precise. I won't emphasize that, but they're pretty close to what we've been aiming for. So, the first goal was really to rethink the top line, the funnel, and how many of those folks we were going to retain. Now to be successful at that, we had to do a number of things. Number one, we had to ensure a better training program, a more robust training program and a better selection program. Because if we're going to focus on bringing in 5,000 instead of 10,000, we got to make sure we've got a better process to identify them. Now, we get them in and we got to support them with various training and financial support. And then we got to give them a career path that makes sense, something where they can start out selling simple life insurance or simple net sub policies and eventually progress to becoming securities advisers as an example. You saw a nice increase this quarter in a number of our agents that went ahead and became securities professionals. So, we really had to work on the selection, the retention, and the career path. All of that leads to gains in productivity. I've been really pleased with the productivity gains our field organization has been able to show and frankly that really carried us through COVID when it became so much more difficult to recruit for a period of time, being able to continue to drive productivity with annuity sales as an example that we're growing every quarter and so on. So, it's really a combination of things. I can't point to one big thing. I can point to 15 or 20 small things that we did to make that difference, but it's all come together. And now we're finally at a point that the labor market is softening a bit, we're seeing an opportunity to once again grow our top line [agents count] [ph] in a responsible and disciplined way. And that should over time lead to growth in producing agents. Last comment I want to make, I want to remind everybody that producing agent is not a [GAAP defined] [ph] term. We have a set of criteria where we really focus on producing agents as opposed to just recruited agents. And it takes time for an agent that gets recruited to meet those production criteria and to be included in what we call our producing agent count. Mark, is that kind of the overviews you were looking for?

No, that's really helpful. I mean, as I said, there have been different pieces of this over the last few years and good to just hear, kind of a whole put together summary of what the game plan was and what you've delivered. So, thank you for that and I'll drop out of the queue.

Thank you. The next question today comes from the line of Erik Bass from Autonomous. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

Hi, thank you. In the Health business, you continue to see benefits from low utilization. Do you still believe that this is primarily due to the pandemic or could there be more durable changes in policyholder behavior that persists longer?

Good morning, Erik. This is Paul. Certainly, there could be reasons why this has persisted longer than we would have originally expected and I think longer than one might have imagined. We haven't really formed any conclusions about that. We are reviewing that in the context of our annual review of actual assumptions. I don't really want to get ahead of that. But we ultimately conclude, we’ll of course have some implications for how we manage the business going forward. The last thing I'd say is that beginning next year, I think we'll stop identifying everything outside of our pre-COVID expectations as COVID impacts, I'd rather accept the then current claims experiences, the collective influence of where we are today, where we will be then in 2023 with the pandemic having gone from a pandemic to more of an endemic state.

Got it. Thank you. That makes sense. And then maybe on the annuities, appreciate the extra page that you put in the deck, kind of normalizing for the market impacts. I guess looking at that normalized trend, the earnings have been pretty flat, sort of year-over-year, given the flows that you're seeing now and the benefit from higher interest rates, should we expect that number to start growing on a sequential basis?

I think that's a reasonable expectation. I mean with all the growth we've had in that product, certainly the margin should grow. Over the last several quarters, there has been some spread compression and that's really what you're seeing, sort of keeping a lid on that margin growth, but yes, I think at some point it's reasonable to expect and you'd see an upward trend there.

Got it. Is that spread compression basically stopped now given that you're investing new money yield above your portfolio yield?

We're generally managing to a target spread. And looking backwards, there was some excess spread if you will that eroded over time. So again, I think that it's reasonable to expect looking forward that you'd begin to see an upward trend.

Got it. Thank you.

Thank you. The next question today comes from the line of John Barnidge from Piper Sandler. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

Thank you very much. Wanted to talk about the comments around new local and regional approach and then positive indicators of the referral program per agent. Can you please dimension maybe how fast referral agent produced in speed and size? And have you changed compensation to drive more referral recruits? Thank you very much.

Hi, John. This is Karen. Sorry. John, can you hear me okay?

Yes. I can hear you now.

Yeah. Okay. Yeah. Sorry. So, first of all, in terms of agent compensation and so on, we have provided some modest incentives to our existing agents to refer in folks that they know. We know that our referred agents typically produce quicker and typically have a better retention rate. So that type of an incentive program pays for itself over time. So, we have done that for our existing agents, but you've seen that the aggregate compensation line or the aggregate agent expense line really hasn't moved. So, it's not a material number. In terms of the time that it takes for them to become productive, the rule of thumb is somewhere between 3 months and 6 months. We don't have a hard and fast rule. It's really going to depend on how familiar they are with the industry and what, kind of support and so on we’re getting, but I would say 90 to 180 days is reasonable for when a referred agent starts to meet the producing agent count thresholds.

Great. Thank you. And my follow-up question to that. Have you changed compensation at all for middle managers that manage some field agents to better harness and manage data? We've heard other insurers that are [Technical Difficulty] consumer side talk about that? Thank you.

I wouldn't describe what we've done as a change to middle managers. Remember that one of the critical things we did that we started back in January of 2020 was to bring all of our consumer businesses together. So, we have phone calls as an example that might come in to Colonial Penn for a direct-to-consumer life sale, and those then get handed off to respected agents and managers for pursuit of some other product, and that are compensated for that. So, I wouldn't describe that as a change, but in addition to really capitalize on this new channel, but beyond that, there's been no material change in compensation.

Thank you very much.

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] The next question today comes from the line of [indiscernible] from FactSet. Please go ahead. Your line is now open. Unfortunately, we're still not getting any audio from that line. [Operator Instructions] We have [Jeremy] [ph] registering a question. So, please go ahead with your question.

HI. It’s Tom Gallagher from Evercore ISI. Can you hear me?

Good morning, Tom.

Yes. Tom, we can hear you, Tom.

Okay. Thanks. First question was on just your long-term care experience that continues to trend favorably. Can you talk a little bit about what you're seeing behind the scenes there? Are you seeing any elevated cost of care impacts on your claim costs? And then is, you know what's driving the favorable experience? Is it still just lower claim submissions? Is it severity? Just a little bit behind the scenes what you're seeing on long-term care?

Sure. Good morning, Tom. It's Paul. So, the claims experience that's really driving the benefit to margin is just fewer claimants coming on claim. That's really the primary driver. And I'm sorry, what was the second part of your question?

Just on cost of care, whether you're actually seeing elevation in the actual cost per claim?

Right. Yes, sorry. We are beginning to see a little bit of inflationary pressure in our long-term care claims. Nothing that I would describe as material, but anecdotally, we are beginning to see a bit of…

Hey Paul, this is Gary. One thing to clarify on the first part of your response, we've seen fewer claimants, but we've also not seen any material degradation in the renewals or persistency of the policy, correct?

That is correct.

Okay. Okay. Thanks for that. And then Paul, just a question on your LDTI disclosure. You mentioned how it's a modest positive overall and then it's positive for both the PADs and the lower DAC amortization going forward, can you – just want to make sure I understand, what does modest mean? Is that less than 5% and if it is less than 5%, could you dimension whether the PAD impact is greater than the DAC amortization change?

Sure. I'm going to decline to [dimensionalize] [ph] moderate just because we're not that far along to want to do that. So, I'll leave that to your interpretation. Of those three impacts that we've identified as sort of persisting beyond 2022, debt DAC is certainly the most impactful.

Okay. Appreciate it. Thanks.

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Next up, we have a follow-up question from Ryan Krueger from Stifel. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

Hi, thanks. I just had a quick follow-up from one of the questions Tom just asked. In terms of long term care claims inflation, do you know how much, I guess, what percentage of your policies are indemnity based versus reimbursement?

Yes. They're almost all indemnity. So, there's – the impact of inflation on our long-term care is somewhat mitigated by that.

Okay. Great. I just wanted to…

Daily, daily one – that's an aggregate one.

Got it. So,, it doesn't sound like it's having that much of an impact at this point.

That's correct.

All right. Thank you.

Thank you. There are no further questions registered at this time. So, I'd like to hand the call back over to Adam Auvil for any closing remarks. Please go ahead.

Thank you very much for your time this morning and thanks for your interest in CNO. Operator, you can now wrap the call.

Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you all for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.