Gregory Rustowicz
Analyst · D.A. Davidson
Thank you, David. Good morning, everyone. On Slide 6, net sales in the second quarter were $223.6 million, up 41.7% from the prior year period, which was heavily impacted by the pandemic. While we saw revenue improve almost 5% sequentially, like other industrial companies, we continue to experience supply chain challenges. As David mentioned earlier, we estimate that revenue in the quarter was impacted by approximately $15 million because of supply chain constraints, putting us slightly below the lower end of our guidance for the quarter.
This was also the second quarter that the Dorner acquisition is included in our results. Dorner delivered almost $34 million of revenue in the quarter. Supply chain constraints had about a $3 million impact to Dorner sales this quarter. Looking at our sales bridge. Sales volume was a major driver of growth with volume up $26 million or 16.7%. We also realized positive pricing as we saw year-over-year pricing improve by 2.5%. In addition to our typical price increases implemented at the start of our fiscal year, we also raised prices at the end of June and again in August. Our pricing actions resulted in $4 million of year-over-year price, up from the $2 million of year-over-year price we reported last quarter. Foreign currency was a tailwind and contributed $1.9 million or 1.2% of sales.
Let me provide a little color on sales by region. For the second quarter, we had significant strength in the U.S. with sales volumes up nearly 20%. We also improved pricing 2.4% up 150 basis points from the first quarter levels. Outside of the U.S., sales volume was up approximately 13% as volume strengthened in all regions, increasing 34% in Latin America, 23% in Canada, and 11% in both EMEA and APAC. We also improved pricing internationally by 2.7%. This was up over first quarter levels by 70 basis points. The measurable contribution of pricing over the trailing first quarter demonstrates how quickly our pricing actions can mitigate inflationary pressures. With continued raw material inflation globally, we are taking more pricing actions in the fiscal third quarter. We recently announced additional price increases for Dorner and an additional surcharge in Europe, which are both effective this quarter. With the actions we have taken, we expect to stay out in front of current inflationary pressures.
On Slide 7, gross margin expanded to a record 36.3% as a result of the many actions we have taken over the last few years to strengthen our earnings power, including the 80/20 process, facility rationalizations, and improvements in our product portfolio. We achieved a record adjusted gross margin of 36.7% as well, up 40 basis points from -- over the trailing first quarter. Overall, Dorner was 50 basis points accretive to our adjusted gross margin this quarter. In addition to the impact of Dorner, adjusted gross margins reflected operating leverage from higher sales volumes and favorable year-over-year productivity in our factories. With the addition of Dorner, margins expanded to pre-COVID levels even as our legacy operations are not yet back to pre-COVID volumes.
Let me point out a few highlights on our gross profit bridge for the quarter. Second quarter gross profit increased $25.1 million compared with the prior year and was driven by several factors. The major contributors were first, Dorner, which provided $13.3 million of gross profit. Second was the strong sales volume we just discussed, which added $8.2 million to gross profit. And third was a $5.5 million contribution to gross profit from year-over-year productivity increases even in the face of supply chain challenges. It's important to note that our pricing strategy has more than offset raw material inflation. In addition, we incurred $900,000 of business realignment costs in the quarter as we continue to find ways to improve our cost structure and drive profitability.
As shown on Slide 8, RSG&A costs were $51.2 million in the quarter, or 22.9% of sales. Dorner added $7 million of RSG&A costs in the quarter. Included in this total was $900,000 of Dorner integration costs and business realignment costs, which we have included as a pro forma item in our adjusted operating income, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted EPS calculations. Excluding these one-time costs, RSG&A costs would have been $50.3 million or 22.5% of sales. For the fiscal third quarter, we are increasing our estimate for RSG&A expense to approximately $53 million. This includes additional investments in strategic growth initiatives as well as higher stock compensation costs related to a rising stock price and higher annual incentive plan costs.
Turning to Slide 9. Adjusted operating income was $25.5 million. Adjusted operating margin was 11.4% of sales, up 250 basis points from the prior year. This margin expansion is driven by the operating leverage in the business and strategic pricing.
As you can see on Slide 10, we recorded GAAP earnings per diluted share for the quarter of $0.53. Adjusted earnings per diluted share were $0.74, which were up substantially from $0.44 per share in the prior year and up $0.05 per share sequentially. I want to reiterate that starting last quarter and going forward, we are adding back amortization expense on a tax-effected basis to our adjusted earnings per diluted share calculation. In Q2, this added $0.17 to adjusted earnings per diluted share. All periods on this chart have been restated for this change. We feel that this is a better indicator of the true cash earnings performance of the company as we intend to be programmatic with our M&A strategy.
With the new financing we completed in May, we expect interest expense of approximately $4.5 million in the third quarter, and our diluted shares outstanding are anticipated to average 29.2 million shares in the third quarter as well. Our tax rate on a GAAP basis is expected to be in a range of 21% to 23%, and we will continue to use 22% as our tax rate for our non-GAAP adjusted earnings per share.
On Slide 11, our adjusted EBITDA margin continues to increase and was 14.4% on a trailing 12-month basis. In the second quarter, our adjusted EBITDA margin improved to 16.1%. Dorner was accretive to our adjusted EBITDA margin by 100 basis points. Our return on invested capital also continues to improve and was 7.9% on a trailing 12-month basis. We continue to target a 19% EBITDA margin and expect our ROIC to be double digits in fiscal '23 excluding the impact of future acquisitions.
Moving to Slide 12. We generated $22 million of cash in the second quarter and year-to-date, we have generated $11.2 million. On a year-to-date basis, we incurred $13.5 million of cash outflows related to acquisition deal costs. As sales have increased, we have also increased our working capital investment by approximately $31 million, which includes additional investments in inventory to meet rising demand. Our working capital as a percent of sales was 14.4%, which was in line with what we were expecting. CapEx was $3.1 million in the quarter. We expect CapEx of $18 million to $22 million for the full year.
Turning to Slide 13. We refinanced the capital structure post Dorner acquisition, which included an equity offering and a new Term loan B. The new $450 million Term loan B carries an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.75% with a 50 basis point LIBOR floor. This gives us a low cost, flexible capital structure that will serve us well for the coming years. As of September 30, on a pro forma basis, which includes Dorner, September LTM adjusted EBITDA but excludes expected cost synergies, our net leverage ratio was 2.64x. We are making great progress towards our targeted leverage ratio of 2x, which we expect to easily achieve within fiscal '23 barring any additional acquisitions. Finally, our liquidity, which includes our cash on hand and revolver availability remained strong and was approximately $188 million at the end of September.
Please advance to Slide 14, and I will turn it back over to David.