Gregory Rustowicz
Analyst · Craig-Hallum
Thank you, David. Good morning, everyone.
On Slide 5, net sales in the second quarter were $157.8 million or down 24% from a year ago. As David noted, this sales level was at the upper end of our prior guidance for second quarter fiscal 2021 revenue of approximately $150 million to $160 million. Demand was impacted by the COVID-19-induced recession and sales volume declined measurably compared with the previous year.
Looking at our sales bridge. Sales volume was impacted by approximately $54 million or 26.2%. While volume was down, we did realize positive pricing as we saw year-over-year pricing improved by 1.1% as a result of price increases instituted earlier in the year, about 40% of which was 80/20 related.
Foreign currency became a tailwind and increased sales by 1.1% or $2.2 million. Let me provide a little color on sales by region. For the second quarter, we saw sales volume decline in the U.S. by 26.4%. This was partially offset by price increases of 1.1%. Outside of the U.S., sales volume was down 25.8%, which was partially offset by price increases of 1.2% and favorable foreign currency translation of 2.3%. By region, sales volume was down 28% in Canada, 31% in Latin America, 28% in APAC and 24% in EMEA.
On Slide 6, given market conditions, our gross margin was a notable 35.5% in the quarter. On an adjusted basis, eliminating the effects of a gain on the sale of a building in China and factory closure costs, we achieved an adjusted gross margin for the quarter of 34.4%. We believe that this is a significant gross margin level when compared with the prior year, especially given the 24% reduction in revenue we experienced. We have clearly improved our mix of businesses and have benefited from our 80/20 Process and operational excellence initiatives.
The 80/20 Process contributed approximately $3.4 million of incremental year-over-year gross profit expansion in the quarter through strategic pricing, indirect overhead reductions and factory closures.
Let's now review the quarter's gross profit bridge. Second quarter gross profit of $56 million was down $17.5 million compared with the prior year. This was driven by a $19.4 million reduction in gross profit due to lower sales volumes. We did see gross profit expansion from pricing as previously mentioned, and we experienced no material cost inflation in the quarter. Included in gross profit is a $2.2 million gain on the sale of a building in China. Foreign currency translation increased gross profit by $800,000, tariffs were lower than the prior year as we imported less Chinese product.
We incurred $300,000 of incremental onetime cost for factory closures. Productivity, net of other cost changes, was negative $3.8 million, largely due to unabsorbed fixed costs in our factories.
As shown on Slide 7, RSG&A costs were $37 million in the quarter or 23.5% of sales. RSG&A costs were $8 million lower than the previous year. The reduction in RSG&A was due to several factors. We lowered our RSG&A cost by $7.2 million as a result of cost-saving measures, including lower head count, limited travel and no incentive compensation bonus accruals.
We also recorded $900,000 less bad debt expense this quarter compared with a year ago when we had a large customer go bankrupt in Europe. Foreign currency translation added approximately $500,000 to our RSG&A costs.
With the current COVID-19 pandemic, we took quick and decisive actions to reduce our RSG&A costs as evidenced again this quarter. With demand improving, we will be increasing our RSG&A level in the second half of the year due to second half incentive compensation accruals, growth investments in R&D and our digital experience and the costs related to returning to work, including bringing back certain employees from short workweeks in Europe and additional travel.
Taking all of this into account, including the structural cost changes implemented in the first half of the fiscal year, we are estimating Q3 fiscal '21 RSG&A costs of approximately $43 million.
Turning to Slide 8. Adjusted operating income was $14 million. Adjusted operating margin was 8.9% of sales, a 380 basis point decline from the prior year. The driver of this decline was the impact that COVID-19 had on our sales volume.
Decremental adjusted operating leverage in the quarter was 25%, which is significantly better than what we saw during the Great Recession of 2009 when we experienced decremental operating leverage of 38%. Our Blueprint for Growth strategy and specifically our 80/20 tools and operational excellence initiatives have improved our business model and better enable us to execute at higher levels of performance in all economic scenarios.
As you can see on Slide 9, we recorded a GAAP loss per diluted share for the quarter of $0.17. This was the result of a $16.3 million pension settlement expense related to the termination of one of our U.S. pension plans, which we spoke about on last quarter's call. GAAP earnings per share was also impacted by the gain on the sale of the factory in China of $2.6 million and factory closure costs and insurance recovery legal costs that together totaled $800,000.
Adjusted earnings per diluted share were $0.34 compared with $0.74 in the previous year, a decrease of $0.40 per share. We expect fiscal '21's full year tax rate to be approximately 10% to 12%, which is lower than the previous guidance, primarily due to the pension settlement expense related to the termination of one of our U.S. pension plans, which created a pretax loss in the U.S.
On Slide 10, our adjusted EBITDA margin on a trailing 12-month basis declined to 13.3% as a result of COVID-19. Our return on invested capital also declined to 7.1%. We are continuing to target 19% EBITDA margins and ROIC in the mid-teens, but the timing for the achievement of these objectives has been negatively impacted by COVID-19.
Moving to Slide 11. We generated $35.7 million of free cash flow for the quarter and $44.2 million year-to-date. We took rapid actions to preserve and generate cash and utilized our business system to focus on working capital reductions. Our working capital as a percent of sales improved to 14.1%, which was a significant contributor to our free cash flow improvement. We achieved our first half inventory targets and overdelivered on our days sales outstanding, or DSO, performance.
CapEx spend will ramp in the second half of the year as we have several projects underway to improve productivity in our factories. We expect CapEx of approximately $14 million to $15 million for the full year.
Turning to Slide 12. Our total debt at the end of the quarter was approximately $275 million, and our net debt was approximately $89 million. Our net debt to net total capitalization is now approximately 16%. We repaid the minimum required principal payments on our term loan in Q2 of $1.1 million and plan to pay the same amount quarterly for the remainder of fiscal '21. We have made excellent progress delevering and have achieved a net debt to adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio of less than 1x, which provides us sufficient financial flexibility to weather the current pandemic.
We have a flexible capital structure which is covenant light. This means our financial covenant is only tested if we have outstanding borrowings against our revolver. After quarter end, we repaid the $25 million of outstanding borrowings on our revolver that we initially drew in April. So the covenant won't be tested at December 31, assuming no borrowings are outstanding.
We also extended the maturity date of our revolver to August of 2023, which gives us a stable capital structure for almost the next 3 years. Finally, our liquidity, which includes our cash on hand and revolver availability, remained strong and had increased to approximately $245 million.
Please turn to Slide 13, and I will turn it back over to David.