Good morning and welcome to the CIBC Quarterly Financial Results Call. Please be advised that this call is being recorded. I would now like to turn the meeting over to Geoff Weiss, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Geoff.

Thank you and good everyone. We will begin this morning's presentation with opening remarks from Victor Dodig, our President and Chief Executive Officer. Following Victor, Hratch Panossian, our Chief Financial Officer, will review our operating results. Shawn Beber, our Chief Risk Officer will close out the prepared remarks with a risk management update. We're also joined in the room by CIBC's business leaders including Harry Culham, Laura Dottori-Attanasio, and Jon Hountalas; as well as Mike Capatides, who has joined us remotely from USA. They will be available to take questions following the prepared remarks. As noted on slide 2 of our investor presentation, our comments may contain forward-looking statements which involve assumptions that have inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially. With that, I will now turn the meeting over to Victor.

Thank you, Geoff, and good morning, everyone. Thanks for joining us and we hope you and your families are well. Over the last six months, we've seen significant change in the market as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, our focus was on the urgent response required to deliver relief to individuals and to businesses as we navigated through a period of great uncertainty. More recently, our focus has shifted towards recovery, maintaining our commitment to our clients as we reignite our long-term strategic growth plans and to do our part to support the recovery of our economies. With that context, I'd like to share three key messages with you. The first is our CIBC team has responded to this pandemic with professionalism, with dedication and with purpose, and they are the foundation for our growth efforts moving forward. There's no substitute for purpose-driven culture, and our entire team remains focused on making our clients’ ambitions, reality. The second is that we're investing for the long term to position CIBC for success as we emerge from the pandemic stronger and prepared to capture growth. And the third is that the investments that we've made over the past several years to simplify and to modernize our bank and deepen client relationships have positioned us well. The results this quarter reflect the resilience of our bank. Since our second quarter call in May, Canada's economy has seen some signs of recovery with the cautious reopening of many sectors. However, many businesses are still operating far from pre-pandemic levels. The Bank of Canada's message last month underscored the path to a full recovery could be both lengthy and uncertain. In the U.S., while many states reopened during the quarter, the continued spread of the virus could translate into a prolonged recovery. Against…

Thanks, Victor, and good morning, everyone. Starting on slide 7. This morning, we reported earnings of $1.2 billion and diluted earnings per share of $2.55 for the third quarter of 2020. Excluding the items of note detailed in the appendix of our presentation, adjusted earnings per share was $2.71. This quarter, we absorbed an incremental $525 million in provision for credit losses, up 80% from the prior year, but down 63% from last quarter, as we experienced a comparatively smaller change in the economic outlook than we did in Q2. Shawn will speak to provisions in more detail in his remarks. Pre-provision earnings of $2.1 billion increased 1% from the prior year, reflecting the strength of our diversified franchise and management actions in response to the current economic environment. While our Personal and Commercial Banking businesses continued to face revenue headwinds, due to the ongoing pandemic, these were more than offset by growth in funds managed across our bank, a record quarter in Capital Markets and strong expense discipline. Revenue of $4.7 billion was stable year-over-year as a 2% increase in net interest income helped by trading and deposit growth offset a 3% decline in non-interest income, largely due to reduced transactional activity by our personal and commercial clients. Adjusted expenses of $2.6 billion were down 1% from the prior year, despite headwinds from COVID-related expenses and foreign exchange translation, resulting in positive operating leverage. We will continue to be focused on expense discipline and expect expense growth to be contained going forward. As illustrated on slide 8, we continue to demonstrate the resilience of our balance sheet, building on the strength in our -- of our capital and liquidity positions over the quarter. We experienced significant growth in client deposits across our business, resulting in an increase in our…

Thanks Hratch and good morning. While we've seen a moderation over the last few months relative to the extreme volatility at the outset of the pandemic, there's still a good deal of uncertainty in terms of the course of COVID-19 and its effects on the economy and our clients. We’ve built on our analysis from last quarter, as we continue to exercise judgment in determining our provision for credit losses for performing loans. For added context, we have provided the incremental disclosure we added last quarter on select industry exposures. Last quarter, we noted that if our economic estimates at the time were to materialize close to forecast, we would not expect to see material increases in performing allowances in subsequent quarters. Our results this quarter are consistent with that. We had a comparatively small additional build in performing provision this quarter, principally driven by some deterioration in the economic environment, and reflected in our forward-looking indicators and economic scenarios. As I'll discuss shortly, our credit portfolios have generally performed in line with our expectations this quarter, and in some cases better than expected. Turning to slide 15, provision for credit losses was $525 million this quarter, down from $1.4 billion in the prior quarter, with lower provisions in both impaired and performing loans. Provision on impaired loans of $300 million was down $43 million from last quarter, primarily due to lower insolvencies and write-offs experienced in our Canadian retail portfolios. The decrease in insolvencies was in line with the industry trend as a result of lower consumer filings. And the lower level of write-offs resulted from a combination of factors, including government support, as well as assistance offered to clients through our bank relief programs. Partially offsetting this decrease, we have higher precision unimpaired loans in the oil and…

[Operator Instructions] The first question is from Gabriel Dechaine with National Bank Financial. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning. First question, I want to talk about the all bank margin and margins overall. One aspect that’s hitting all banks is that you're carrying a lot of excess liquidity, and that's creating some negative carry in the treasury area. Wondering what I should look at in terms of excess liquidity? How do I measure that? And maybe a year from now if things are okay, that comes back and we can start assuming elimination of that issue? And then, the other one would be, aside from this factor, and Hratch, you mentioned the whole gradual impact of the yield curve getting reflected in your margin. Can you walk us through the timeline there and how much that represents of NII erosion over the next few years, as you reinvest your liquidity book?

Sure. Thank you, Gabriel. Good morning. And thank you for the question. So, let me start with Q3 and what happened and what drove that, and then I'll talk about the outlook after that. So, if I look at total bank, total bank margins on a quarter-over-quarter basis, down 16 basis points. So, majority of that I would say kind of in the 11, 12 basis points was actually related to that excess liquidity that you described. And so, the way I would think about that is more than NII, it's a balance issue. And you can triangulate that even if you just look at our investor presentation, look at deposit growth versus loan growth, deposits outpaced growth of loan significantly. So, a lot of this liquidity is coming from deposits, not wholesale funding. And the net of that, again, as you can almost triangulate there, there is in the mid-30 billion there have excess liquidity that came on. And so that balance affects margins. Now, I wouldn't assume it's all from negative to NII. That's why I differentiate between the two. As we take on deposits, we're very focused on pricing of deposits and profitability and positive margin. So, going forward, while there could be, for a period of time some NIM impact from NII perspective, I wouldn't assume that necessarily that's negative. The rest of it is a couple of basis points from the reduction that we saw in personal and business bank. Some of that is related to rate headwinds, which we continue and I'll touch on that. But some of that is transient, right. So, we had a reduction in utilization and number of our revolving portfolios that carry higher yields, as you know. So, that would have impacted us now and that will reverse. We…

And then, just a question on the performing allowance, and Shawn, you mentioned, you don't expect material additions to it going forward. I'm wondering, if I look at performing allowances to performing loans, you're at the low end of the peer group. I'm wondering if that's something you're wanting to move closer to the peer group average or upper end, or how are you thinking about building up the performing provision over time? Yes. Let's go with that.

Thanks, Gabriel. Look, it's very much the process that we undertook and continue to undertake that I talked about last quarter, and we've carried that into this quarter. So, we continue to work -- do a lot of analysis around the portfolio. We have our model-driven elements and then the expert credit judgment that we apply. We're very comfortable with our allowance coverage at this point based on our current economic outlook. If and to the extent that changes, where we see deterioration in the credit books, which we're not seeing today, that would impact that. But currently, we're comfortable with where we are.

Okay. I know mix -- comparing banks like that, it's a bit simplistic mix factors matter, but just trying to get a sense if there is any targets you have or -- but it doesn't sound like you're -- it sounds like you're comfortable. Right? So, anyway, I'll leave you there. Thanks.

Thank you. The next question is from Ebrahim Poonawala with Bank of America Securities. Please go ahead.

Good morning. I guess, just wanted to follow-up in terms of comments around expense management. I think, Victor, you mentioned you expect the $260 million in annual savings to be fully baked in by the time we end the first quarter of next year. Just talk to us, I mean I think, broadly, as we think about expenses, it seems like you think NII should stabilize from here, if not move higher. How should we think about expenses in the context of what's likely to be a tough revenue environment? Should we still expect expenses to be just lower beyond 1Q '21 or just how you're thinking about it internally?

Sure, Ebrahim. It's Hratch. Thanks for the question. I'll take that. I think, you are right in that we are being cautious with our expenses, as mentioned in our prepared remarks, in light of the potential top line environment that we're facing. So, we will continue to be prudent with expenses. But, we are balancing investment, as Victor mentioned in his remarks, with a good result on expense growth. So, going forward, you referenced the restructuring, as Victor mentioned, we will look to complete that. And so, we'll have the benefit of that. And if you go back to when we announced that restructuring, we had mentioned that that gives us the ability to keep expense growth in '21 in the low-single-digit range, and that we would adjust from there, depending on the environment. So, we're looking at the current environment. We're looking to make the investments and accelerate in certain areas to position the bank for growth in the top-line headwinds that we're going to face. But, at the same time, given that environment, we're finding more efficiency opportunities. And that's why I say in the comments I make, we will look to keep expenses contained. We are looking to generate pre-provision earnings growth. But, in terms of giving you specific numbers beyond that for 2021, I think, it's a little bit early. So, we will update you on that in Q4. But that's the way we're looking at it on the balance. ST 27, 2020 / 12:00PM, CM.TO - Q3 2020 Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Earnings Call

Got it. And I guess, just separately, in terms of looking at the mortgage business, if we could get an update around -- it seems like the business went through a little bit of a restructuring over the last two years. Where are we in terms of the growth rate of the mortgage business returning to peer-like levels? And how do you think about ratcheting up growth in a backdrop where one could debate that the housing market looks a little bit frothy once again and could get worse from that standpoint over the next few quarters?

Good morning, Ebrahim. It's Laura. So, I'll take that one on mortgages. We're comfortable with where we're at. So, if you were to take a look at our disclosures, I think, you'll see that our origination activity is actually quite strong. Where I think we need to do better is really where it comes to retention. And that relates to previously booked mortgages, particularly if you go back to some of the previous vintages that we have where we could do a better job, if you will, retaining them. So, if you take origination sort of minus that retention issue, I mentioned, you'll see that we're up 2.5% year-over-year. So, we're not where we want to be. I think, we have more work to do. That said, we have reversed the trend. It does feel like we're headed in a more promising direction. And when we look at some of the OSFI information that was released, if you look at the month-over-month growth data, you can see CIBC where we've moved from fourth spot in May into the third spot in June. And so, while we're still not where we want to be, I would tell you that we're headed in the right direction. And when I look at our pipeline, it does feel again promising. And we are, I would say, being very diligent and mindful about the new business that we're putting on our books as well. So, again, not where we want to be, but comfortable with the direction we're headed in. If that answers your question?

No, it does. Thanks for taking my questions.

Thank you. The next question is from Meny Grauman with Scotiabank.

Hi. Good morning. Just following up on the mortgage business. Just wondering how much of the activity that you're seeing now is pent-up demand? And really, the point that is just to wonder about the outlook for '21, and how much of a risk do you peg on a more dramatic slowdown in the mortgage market next year?

Well, I'm happy to start that one off, Meny. I'm not sure I'm going to call sort of where 2021 goes. Again, I can tell you for the things we control is the type of business that we want to take on our book, very comfortable, as I said, with the type of origination that we're doing. And I do think, again, as I mentioned earlier, for us, the real question is one of retentions. And so, if we could do a better job on the retention side, I think, you will see or that should translate into better numbers from us. We'd also like to do better in the first-time homebuyer market. If you go through, again, our disclosures and you can see sort of regionally, we've got some I'd say well-balanced -- of course, we've lost a bit in the GVA area, and that's where we have our bigger retention issue that we're working on. So, hopefully, that answers your question?

Yes, that does. And then, I just wanted to switch because just ask about the U.S. margin and the impact of the PPP loans on the U.S. margin. What would the margin be, if you exclude the PPP loans?

Sure. Thank you, Meny. It's a small impact, a few basis points, I would say, at this point in the margin of the U.S. due to the PPP loans. And those are still positive margin loans, but lower than the rest of the portfolio. And so, there will be a little bit of noise while that is in the book and as it rolls off. But that should be positive noise, but small.

And should that roll-off happen by -- in the first half of '21? What's the timing there for that?

Yes. And as you know, there has been an extension to the program, but we do expect over the next few quarters here that will play out.

Thank you. The next question is from Scott Chan with Canaccord Genuity. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Laura, just going back to mortgages. You kind of talked about the retention issue. What are some of the things that you're focused on to kind of, I guess, improving that aspect?

Sure. Good morning, Scott. Well, I'd say, it's really about better client engagement and better franchising of our clients. And so, we, as I mentioned earlier, I think, do a really solid job from an acquisition perspective. We just need to do a better job from a retention perspective. And so, that is all about client engagement, engaging I would say with our clients sort of during the -- from the time we've on-boarded, up until the time renewal comes is where we're going to focus on ensuring we do a better job, if you will, franchising our clients, having a deeper relationship, conversations with them. And that should help us, in my view, on the retention side.

And then, just a big picture question for Victor. Now, that your capital is a lot stronger, I was wondering if M&A or bolt-ons are in the equation. And I know the focus will be on organic growth. I mean, when we think about CIBC positioning for that growth, what business units or areas during this pandemic can CIBC capitalize on?

Scott, we're -- good question. We're pleased with our capital levels. Obviously, we're at a very good level. I think, we've been very, very clear with our investor base that our focus is on organic growth and driving that organic growth and the transformation of our bank, particularly given the pandemic. We recognize that there’s some things we don't control. We don't control interest rates, we don't control the path to a vaccine or a treatment, but we do control how we can generate returns for our shareholders. And our focus -- and our very sharp focus is in their specific areas, making sure that we have the resources to support our clients, whether there's downside in the market or whether there's upside in the market; our focus on the simplification and the transformation of our bank and the core of our banks so that we can operate efficiently and see that mix ratio over time drop as the world normalizes; and the third, thing I'd say is, maintaining the tailwinds in the businesses where we have tailwinds. We have tailwinds in many of our businesses. And one area that Laura has been touching on it is in the Canadian consumer banking, creating the tailwinds there and investing in that business. And a disproportionate amount of our resources are being directed to drive a better result in our Canadian consumer franchise.

And then, just on bolt-ons, is that anything in the cards in the short term, or is it just primarily what you talked about on the organic side?

Listen, there's always opportunities for things that strengthen our organic growth trajectory, but it really is for the short to medium-term a very much focused organic growth trajectory for our bank.

Thank you. The next question is from Doug Young with Desjardins Capital. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Just back to the CET1 ratio, and just curious to see how you see that credit migration flowing through and impacting the CET1 ratio, let's say, over the next year through fiscal '21. It sounds like you've gone through two-thirds of your business or wholesale book. I assume the retail book and the review of the risk ratings comes over the next few quarters. Just wondering how we should think about migration and the evolution of that CET1 ratio in the context of migration and the reviews of these portfolios? Thanks.

Thank you. It's Hratch. I'll start and I'll pass it on to Shawn to talk a little bit about the credit migration in more detail after. But, I'll start with the overall outlook on CET1. And as we mentioned in the remarks, we did see -- and you referenced to the credit work that was done, we did see a significant amount of migration. And when you pour through our Pillar 3 sub pack, you'll see a small change in asset quality in the quarter. But that really was a net, as you mentioned, wholesale was actually a fairly large number, offset by retail, as we went through this. And we do see that playing out over time. But the guidance I would give you is this will play out over several quarters. We feel very good about our organic capital generation, net of organic growth in the portfolio. And so, we think we have some capacity there to absorb migrations as they come out. And so, that's why, as I said in my remarks, I would guide you around stable on CET1 going forward as that plays out. And exactly which way it will bias from that stable up or down, frankly, depends on a number of factors that are uncertain at this point, the level of organic growth in markets as the economy recovers or potentially goes down in the second half and the speed at which those migrations will come out. But, the overall migration impact is no different than the outlook we gave you last time, it will play out over the next few quarters. But, Shawn, anything to add on?

Good morning, Doug. So, from a credit migration perspective, we have started to see, as we telegraphed last quarter, we expected to see some credit migration over the course of time. And we did see that this quarter. As I mentioned in my remarks, we've been through over 75% of our business and government portfolios and have taken rating action where it was appropriate. So, that's been reflected in the CET1. There were some offsets to that across a number of different asset classes and including in the retail portfolios, given elements of utilization, the deferral programs, updated Beacon scores. So, that had offsetting impact. But, we expect to continue to see some negative credit migration if things play out the way we're forecasting, over the next, call it, several quarters.

I guess, given the size of your retail, the business was kind of sizable, as you indicated, the retail was a positive. I would imagine -- so you're not anticipating a significant negative migration out of the retail book over the next few quarters, and you're basically suggesting your organic capital generation can more than offset that. Is that the way to think of it?

Yes. I'd say, there is some probably underrepresentation, I would say, in terms of the credit migration in the retail book because of those temporary measures I mentioned, government support, lower utilization, et cetera, that could revert. My sense is, and based on the modeling that we've done, I’d suggest sort of $1 billion to $2 billion, maybe $1 billion to $2.5 billion of RWA migration from that perspective to sort of get back to something that would look more normal to offset those temporary measures, but otherwise, as we forecasted in the normal course.

And then just -- go ahead.

Sorry. And I was going to say -- and as I mentioned in my remarks, we do -- to answer your question on retained earnings, we do have some strength there and can offset that level of migration over several quarters.

And your thought, Hratch, is that's net of the ECL transition kind of migrating the benefit of that migrating down, I would assume?

Yes. So, as Shawn mentioned the RWA number, there will be a piece on the ECL on that as well. But, net-net, we're looking at it as the deferral programs go away and some of those delinquencies start flowing through, maybe it's sort of in the 10 basis-point range of CET1, all included, including that ECL thing. And in addition to that over time as we see government support go way and some of the behaviors on deleveraging and utilization start going the other way, you could add a bit more there, it will take you another 10 or so. But as you see, those numbers are pretty small. And when they play out over several quarters with the level of organic generation we have, it does tend to make it easier to absorb.

Great. And then, just second, the Canadian commercial NIMs held in relatively well. Just was a bit surprised. Can you talk a bit about what helped temper the negative impact on that in the quarter, is there anything unusual in there, and maybe just a bit of an outlook, just specifically on Canadian commercial NIMs?

Sure, yes. And there can be noise in Canadian commercial NIMs, as we've talked about before, because of the A funded credit facilities and so forth. But this quarter, we did have 8 basis points quarter-over-quarter. And some of what you saw there was the funding costs going up and the wider prime BA, which is just noise. And then, what really offset that was the strength in deposits. So, the margins on deposits are strong in that business. And we continue to see very strong deposit growth that provided an offset to that prime BA impact. And going forward, from what we see at this point, there continues to be strength in deposits and some of the fluctuations around prime BA, hard to predict, I'll call that volatility. So, net-net, some stability.

Thank you. The next question is from Sohrab Movahedi with BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Laura, a quick question for you. Your bank has obviously been very good at doing this as have other banks. You've got pretty good statistics here around basically the digital angle of your business. And your digital adoption rate, I think, on page 27, is up to about 75%. I guess, a two-part question. Is there a saturation point on digital adoption? And, when you look at some of these statistics that you give us on digital, is there any one in particular that you're focused on that will help drive your business forward, and how will that do that? Is it through top line growth, or is that through improved efficiency through cost management? Just trying to kind of get a feel for how much benefit is still under come relative to that 75% digital adoption?

Sure. Good morning, Sohrab. Well, I'd tell you that they're all important and that in a perfect world 100% of our clients are actively using digital. And so, that would be, call it, on the front end. Where I think we will get the most pickup is as we really work through, not just our digital sales capabilities sort of at the front end, but the full end-to-end digitization and automation, if you will, to get to remote fulfillment. When we do that, we should see an increase in our productivity. And so, I would hope we will start to see, when you look at that slide you've mentioned where we just see more from a self-serve transaction, you'll see more active mobile users. So, we're going to keep going to try to get to 100%. That's always the target. And everything that we do digitally, it's -- again, it's easier and it adds to our bottom line, if we can get more folks using digital, and if we can do more end-to-end digitization.

And if you get there, Laura, are we looking at a low-40% expense to revenue ratio for your business, or is it still going to be in the mid to high-40s?

Well…

You’re above 50 right now, but I'm just trying to kind of get a feel for what's the potential kind of sizing the prize, if you will?

Yes. I think, all I can tell you at this point in time is we're going to work hard to do better on that mixed ratio. So, we want to deliver obviously more growth. We want to work on better client engagement, as I mentioned earlier, with mortgages, and as Hratch mentioned, contain expenses. So, hopefully, all that will contribute. But, I'm not prepared to put a number on it today.

Okay. And just maybe just for a point of quick clarification, Shawn. I mean, I think you answered this to Doug's question. But, if I can comment a little bit differently, can you give us a kind of yardstick of what's the RWA associated with the mortgages that are current, but in deferrals versus mortgages that are noncurrent, just so that we have a sense of that? I think, you mentioned that the 1 to 2 -- I think, $1 billion to $1.5 billion incremental RWA. But, I am just trying to kind of get a sense of how much more capital-intensive those mortgages could become if they're not -- I guess, I could do the math, but if you have it handy, that would be helpful.

Yes. So, the number that I was guiding to was in respect of the cards and the personal lending book. On the mortgage book, it would be a small pickup, I think, from that perspective. I don't have the number handy, but it would be a relatively small add with respect to specifically to the mortgages.

Okay. So, not that much more capital-intensive if 2% -- if that 98% of mortgages that are -- if the 2% pulls away or 1% gets further delayed, it's not -- that's not going to cause a huge capital drag from an RWA perspective for you?

No, sir. Maybe I'll jump in. And you'll see this in the Pillar 3 sub pack and you'll get into the PD bands. You'll see a lot of the improvement in the PD bands was in other categories, not in the mortgage, and that's where it's playing out. And you had some in the mortgage side. But, as you know, mortgage RWAs are low to begin with, so because of the LGDs and so forth. And so, as you get some of these movements in PDs up or down with the change in environment and delinquency it doesn't drive that much in RWA. So to Shawn's point, those are total numbers, and they're largely driven by the other categories with mortgages being a small component.

If I can just jump in before the next question. We have a number of you in the queue. And if I can remind you to try to limit your questions to one, we'd like to get through the queue. We'll go a few minutes beyond 9 o’clock, but I know you have another banks to get to. So, if I could just ask you to stick to one question that would be great. Thanks.

Thank you. And the next question is from Darko Mihelic with RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thank you. I guess, if I just have one question, I'll revert to Laura on page 19. As I look at the deferrals, what we're all trying to triangulate here is how it's going to play out when people come off deferrals? And I know you don't want to guess at a number. So, a couple of statistics might be helpful for us. The first is -- and statistics that I'm specifically looking for around the mortgages, there's 99,000 accounts that are currently still on deferral. Of those accounts that are on deferral, how many are unemployed, how many are receiving CERB payments, and how many of them have a credit card with your Company with an outstanding balance? Those statistics might help us. And maybe it's unfair that I'm trying to get it from you and not the other banks, but hopefully you can give me a hand there?

Good morning, Darko. So, feeling kind of used to life being unfair at times. So, let me try to answer that as best I can. So, with our mortgage deferrals, we have most sort of taken, as you know I'd say greater than 90% of the six-month deferral. We do have an awful lot of data. I think some of the more important data, just you've asked about CERB. So, we're at about 15% of our client base that are in mortgage deferrals that have taken the CERB payments. And I'm not sure that I've put too much emphasis on who got CERB and who didn't. Just given all the government assistance programs and others that will come, it's a bit hard to call based upon this particular stat. I think some of what is important to look at is some of the information that we provided. When you look at the average FICO scores, you can see there that they're pretty solid, which would indicate good clients. From a franchising perspective, 65% of those are long-tenured clients, and that's sort of in that greater than 10-year bucket. The majority fall into that 35 to 50-year-old range. The majority are employed, notwithstanding the smaller percentage that are taking the CERB. And most of them are sitting in Ontario. About 40% of that book is insured. So, hopefully that gives you, I guess, a little bit of color in terms of our clients that have requested deferrals. I hope that helps. And I think one of the important takeaways here too is when we look at our mortgages and we go back and Hratch was talking about it. When you look at losses in the event of default like, we lose 1, maybe 2 basis points with mortgages. And so, even if we were to lose more, it's still a small amount. So, I mean, myself don't get overly concerned when it comes to the mortgages and the deferrals. And I actually feel, I would tell you more comforted when I look at the profile of those that have requested deferrals. Does that answer your question?

It does almost. I mean, that's -- I agree with you on the losses, but that's also why I asked about credit card exposure. So, how many of those -- because the mortgage payment is the big one, right? A lot of people can make a very small payment on the credit card. But, with the big mortgage payment coming, how many of them have balances? And, is there any concern that we should think about? And, then those balances, presumably are starting to grow. So, any sort of indication on cross-product utilization rates might be helpful?

Okay. Well, I would -- so, we do have that information. I don't have it off the top of my head. So, assuming we can share that at a later date. What I would say though, if you look at our credit cards and Shawn spoke to it, that payment behavior is what's important because I would tell you that that's more of the leading indicator. And as Shawn was talking about, the payment patterns we're seeing there are all within expectations. And as Shawn pointed out, the levels of provisioning that are there adequately reflect the trends. So, I think, we're good in that regard, too, but we can look to pull that percentage.

The next question is from Nigel D'Souza with Veritas Investment Research. Please go ahead. Nigel D’Souza: Thank you. Good morning. I wanted to turn to the delinquency numbers that you outlined on slide 24. And on that slide, you noted what delinquency rates would be, excluding payment deferrals. And I was wondering if you could just provide more color on how you determined those numbers? [Technical Difficulty]

Yes. Good morning. It's Shawn. So, the way we looked at that was, what would the roll rates have been had we not provided the deferrals for those products. So, we would have had a higher delinquency rate had we not shown those deferrals. As an example, on the credit card side, we've modeled out what we would have expected the roll rates to be and what the associated credit losses would have been that would have flown through, as a function of that. So, we would have probably recognized somewhere between $50 million and $60 million worth of incremental net charge-offs as a function of those, had we not granted the deferrals. We provided for that in so much as we've taken that into consideration as we thought about expert credit judgment and doing overlays. So, it's more of a timing issue as it relates to those. We haven't assumed that we would lose less on some of those balances as a function of providing the deferrals. So, you could think about it in terms of $50 million to $60 million that we've not recognized in impaired, and you saw the drop in impaired losses on the retail side this quarter. But, we have taken that into account and believe we've been -- we're well provisioned for that portfolio. Nigel D’Souza: Okay. And just on credit cards, should we interpret it as a number there of 102, should we interpret it as that you expect delinquency rates in the card book to go up meaningfully next quarter, or is it just the noise that you were referring to?

As deferrals come off, we do expect to see migration in that portfolio. And ultimately, as some of those balances will lead to losses, we expect to see those losses peak in the first half of '21. If I had to guess, it will be sort of towards the middle or the latter part of the first half of 2021. But -- so yes, we will see that migrate over the course of the next few quarters.

The next question is from Mario Mendonca with TD Securities. Please go ahead.

If we could just go to more general topic of client activity. Looking at a number of your fee categories like deposit and payment fees, credit fees, card fees, the trends are fairly apparent, a big drop-off in Q2, smaller drop-off in Q3, and even maybe an inflection point here. What I'm getting at now is, is it conceivable that with the reopening of economies that client activity will cause some of these fee categories to actually start to grow on a sequential basis. I appreciate year-over-year, perhaps not, but sequentially, is that a reasonable assumption?

Good morning, Mario. It's Hratch. I'll start and then the businesses can jump in with some color on the client side. But, I think, you're generally in the right territory. So, as you mentioned, if you look at the card fees, for example, that has rebounded from where it was, but not quite there yet. And you'll know that the fee income we recognize as an average across the quarter. And so, we did see things improve in that sense over the quarter. So, we ended the quarter in a much better place on card transaction activity than we started. And so, we don't have the full impact of the current levels that we're seeing yet in Q3. So, that will continue -- assuming things stay the way they are now, that will continue to provide some benefit there as we go forward. On the deposit fee side, as you mentioned, there is a bit of a drag there still, and that one particularly has continued to be challenged. And a lot of that is related I think to the activity that we're seeing with clients keeping more cash and so forth, and some of the activity around handling of cash itself also down. So, whether you talk about ATM fees, account fees and so forth, that one could take a bit longer. And as the cash sort of starts leaving the system, if it does and some of those activities go back to normal, we would see that coming back as well over more of the long term. And obviously, a number of the fees around investment management and mutual fund, we are confident in our trajectory on net flows and sales of assets with clients. But, the markets impact that far more in the short term than net flows do. So that will depend on where markets go. Is that helpful?

Yes. Thank you.

Thank you. Our last question will be from Mike Rizvanovic with Credit Suisse Securities.

Hi. Good morning. A quick question maybe for Hratch. Just on further expense saving opportunities, I'm just wondering, is it fair to think that the majority would be coming from additional headcount reduction gradually. I'm not referring to another restructuring charge, but just through normal attrition. Is it fair to think that you could see your total headcount come down maybe by a couple, 2 to 3 percentage points over the course of 2021?

Thanks, Mike, for the question. And we focus on expenses across the entire bank in all categories. Obviously, our headcount is a big component of that. But, we've announced our restructuring. As we said, we will complete that restructuring. So, on a year-over-year basis, just the impact of that coming through in '21 will cause a reduction sort of in the neighborhood of what you're talking about. We are also very focused on the growth in headcount going forward from here. And so, with the increase in digitization and virtual interactions that we're seeing, we are -- and Victor talked about the transformation of our bank. We are very focused on digital and finding ways to automate work internally in the operational side of our bank and interact with our clients more virtually, which gives us potentially some more leverage. So, it is conceivable over time if that allows us to manage the growth. And obviously, attrition gives you an opportunity to drive the numbers down if you don't replace that with growth.

Sure. That's helpful. And just real curious, what's a reasonable attrition rate? Is 3% a reasonable number at the all bank level over the course of the year?

I think, it does -- it depends on what part of the bank you're talking about. And so, some areas we do tend to see potentially higher, just given the revolve rates. For example, if you look at Laura's side of the business, which tends to have a lot of our employees, it could be a bit higher than that in the mid-single-digits in any given year.

That’s helpful. Thanks.

Thank you. I would now like to turn the meeting back over to Victor.

Thank you, operator, and thank you all for your very insightful questions. Before we end this call, I wanted to again thank our incredible CIBC team. While there are still many unknowns related to the pandemic, our people have stepped up in remarkable ways this year to reinforce that we have a singular and connected team that is relentlessly focused on our clients. Importantly, we have executed decisively on our long-term vision amid this pandemic and are confident our transformative plans will help us emerge from this, a stronger and a much more resilient bank with clear growth momentum. I'd like to thank our shareholders for their continued support and our entire CIBC team for their dedication to making our clients' ambitions a reality. Thank you and take care, and off to your next call. Enjoy the day.

Thank you. The conference has now ended. Please disconnect your lines at this time. And, we thank you for your participation.