Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome to the Ciena Q4 2020 Earnings Event. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speakers’ presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Gregg Lampf, Vice President, Investor Relations. Thank you. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you. Good morning and welcome to Ciena's 2020 fiscal fourth quarter and year-end review. On the call today is Gary Smith, President and CEO; and Jim Moylan, CFO. Scott McFeely, our Senior Vice President of Global Products and Services is also with us for Q&A. In addition to this call and the press release, we have posted to the Investor section of our website an accompanying investor presentation that reflects this discussion as well as certain highlighted items from the quarter and fiscal year. Our comments today speak to our recent performance, our view on current market dynamics and drivers of our business as well as the discussion of our financial outlook. Today's discussion includes certain adjusted or non-GAAP measures of Ciena's results of operations. A detailed reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to our GAAP results is included in today's press release. Before turning the call over to Gary, I'll remind you that during this call, we'll be making certain forward-looking statements. Such statements, including our quarterly and annual guidance and commentary about our long-term financial targets are based on current expectations, forecasts and assumptions regarding the Company and its markets, which include risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the statements discussed today. These statements should be viewed in the context of the risk factors detailed in our most recent 10-Q filing and in our upcoming 10-K filing. Our 10-K is required to be filed with the SEC by December 30, and we expect to file by that date. Ciena assumes no obligation to update the information discussed in this conference call whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. As always, we will allow for as much Q&A as possible today, so we ask that you limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. With that, I'll turn the call over to Gary.

Thanks, Gregg, and good morning, everyone. Our fourth quarter and fiscal year 2020 results maybe illustrate the extent of our market leadership and resiliency amongst the challenging market conditions we detailed last quarter, which are largely unchanged, and that is namely the combination of a slowing of business velocity and increased risk aversion amongst many global service providers is adversely impacting the short-term deployments of new architectures and network builds. Despite this dynamic, today’s results reflect the strength and durability of our business model, including continued strong profitability with adjusted operating margin of 15.8% in Q4 and 17.6% for the full fiscal year, which exceeded our forecast. We also delivered strong free cash flow with our cash balance up $130 million from last quarter to approximately $1.3 billion. Simply put, we remain in the best financial position in the industry and we are extremely confident about our leadership position in the market. We could not deliver this performance without the entire Ciena team, which continues to persevere and perform at the highest levels. The Ciena family remains focused and dedicated even when facing new challenges associated with remote working and other COVID-19 related conditions. I am pleased that many have taken advantage of a wide range of new well-being programs, benefits and resources to support them and their families at this time. I am also extremely proud of the way they are giving back to our communities throughout the globe, through their services and donations as part of our Ciena Cares philanthropy program. As you probably read, we are also collaborating with customers and partners through our digital inclusion commitment on innovative programs that help address the digital divide and promote broader opportunities, particularly for underserved students. Turning to highlights from the fourth quarter and fiscal year. In our core…

Thanks, Gary. Hello, everyone. We delivered a solid Q4 performance, which was certainly impacted by the effects of the pandemic. Total revenue in the quarter was $829 million. Q4 adjusted gross margin was 49.5%. In addition to a higher percentage of software sales in the quarter, Q4 adjusted gross margin again reflects a high degree of pandemic-related dynamics. Specifically, we continue to see a quarterly revenue mix that is comprised of a larger percentage of existing business versus new design wins and early in-life projects which tend to generate lower margins. Adjusted operating expense in the quarter was $279 million. This was higher than expected due to an acceleration of investments in certain aspects of our business, including in our people and IT infrastructure, which we expect to continue. Q4 OpEx also included higher than expected variable compensation tied in part to our strong profitability metrics in the quarter. With respect to profitability measures, in Q4, we delivered adjusted operating margin of 15.8%, adjusted net income of $94 million and adjusted EPS of $0.60 per share. In addition, in Q4, our adjusted EBITDA was $154 million and cash from operations was $188 million. With respect to performance. For the full fiscal year, annual revenue was $3.53 billion. This reflects a strong contribution from non-telco customers of a record 40% of total revenue in fiscal year 2020, up from approximately 37.5% in fiscal year 2019. Also includes solid performance with MSO customers, growth with two of our major Web-scale customers and a very strong year in government. While we saw a significant quarterly variability as we move through the year, including a challenging operating environment in the second half, orders slightly exceeded revenue for the full fiscal year. In fact, orders in APJ and EMEA, in aggregate, were up 9% year-over-year.…

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from Rod Hall of Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Hi. Good morning, guys. Thanks for the question. I wanted to start off, I guess with the OpEx question, since that came in a little bit higher. I know, Jim, you had commented on that. Could you maybe dive into a little bit more detail on why you're deciding to invest now given it's such a tough environment, and then where you're investing? What types of people you're hiring? What is it that you're focused on from an investment point of view? And then secondly, I thought I would go back to the visibility. You're talking about H2 of next year being stronger than H1. What is it that gives you confidence in that and why don't we start to see some recovery in Q2? I know people are beginning to talk about, for instance, accelerated 5G investment by mid-year. So could you talk a little bit about what sort of visibility you have or is it just a general assumption that COVID starts to slow by the second half and the carriers begin to invest again? Thanks.

Thanks, Rod. And I assume your OpEx question really has to do with 2021. You're good on the quarter?

Well, no, I was really asking about the quarter just reported, Jim, and – a little bit higher than usual. And you're talking about spending a little bit more, it sounds like, in the short-term. 2021 is more or less in line with our forecast, so I don't – actually, there, it doesn't seem like you're – it seems like it's more of a short-term first – couple of quarter phenomenon we're looking at here as an investment that I'm just not clear on what it is you're investing in exactly.

Fair enough. Well, a couple of things. One is that we've come through this year in a situation in which all of our employees, basically all are working from home. And through the year, we have made investments in their well-being, comfort and computer connections – personal computer connections, and we accelerated that a bit in Q4. It's really mostly about making sure that our people can operate comfortably and productively in the home. Also the variable comp, that has to do with the fact that our profitability through the quarter came in a bit higher than we thought it was going to, and as our – many of our people, including salespeople have an element of their variable comp. It's tied to profitability. So that was another piece that came in.

Okay. Thanks.

So Rod on the second part of your question, what gives us confidence I guess in the uptick in the second half, I guess it's a number of elements. First of all, I think what we're saying is that right now service providers generally are very risk averse for any sort of new business, rolling out new network, new architecture that run in the networks hotter, that's for sure. And they're also, I think to some extent, focused on access points as opposed to the metro and the core, which is understandable. Things that gives us confidence are the wins that we've already had, have been much slower to monetize. Obviously, it's not binary. We are rolling out some of those, but at a much slower rate. And the assumption is that the COVID overhang ameliorates during the course of the first half, and then this pipeline that we've built up of new business activity begins to kick in because the secular demand, as you say for things like 5G and all the rest of it, it needs this network infrastructure to be successful. And it's sort of describing environment right now is somewhat bifurcated from the new business wins and deployment, definitely slower, but the actual activity of RFPs, planning engagements and the rest of it have continued unabated. And as I said in my comments, we're winning more than our fair share of that, as you'd expect, given our technology leadership and scale. So as best we can tell, our business is normally fiscally second half loaded. But I think it's going to be a more extreme hockey stick this time around, as best we can tell. So those are the underlying assumptions and engagements with the customers that give us some confidence that we're going to see this uptick in the second half when sort of normal services is resumed kind of thing.

The other thing I would add to that, Rod, is that many of our – much of our revenue in any given quarter results from orders taken in the quarter before that. And so we do expect a pickup in orders in our Q2. It just won't evidence itself in the form of higher revenue. We don't believe until sort of Q3. That's our view.

Okay. Great. Thank you, guys. That's helpful.

Thanks, Rod.

Your next question comes from George Notter of Jefferies LLC. Your line is open.

Hi, guys. Thanks very much. I guess I wanted to stay on the discussion of OpEx. And so if I look at your selling and marketing costs, they were quite a bit higher than they were, for example, in the July quarter. And your gross margins are incrementally higher than July, not tremendously higher. So I guess I'm wondering if it's just simply your profitability that's driving the increased compensation expense or if there is something else in there that's driving that? I guess I'm getting at is, I'm wondering what bookings look like in the October quarter? Obviously, I think you guys incentivized your salespeople based on bookings as well, but what's the narrative there? Thanks.

Our bookings came in close to what we expected, maybe a little bit better. But I'd say this, remember, George, that in the fourth quarter of every year is when people start hitting their accelerators, salespeople start hitting their accelerators, and that's really what drives the sales comp in Q4. We typically have higher sales comp in fourth quarter as compared to other quarters as well, but it's just that the mechanics of the computation worked out that our sales comp was quite a bit higher in the quarter.

Got it. Okay. That's helpful. And then just as a – I guess, a follow-up on that. Do you guys have a backlog number or should we wait for the 10-K for that?

Backlog is just under $1.2 billion, [$1.9 billion] or something.

$1.19 billion.

That's right.

Yes.

Perfect. Okay. Thanks, guys. Appreciate it.

Thanks, George.

Your next question comes from Simon Leopold of Raymond James. Your line is open.

Thanks for taking the question. I wanted to see if maybe you could update us on your views of a long-debated topic around white box competition in the optical space. I know you've mentioned you plan on having your pluggable products out later this year, but just want to get a sense of what you're seeing there, particularly how it affects your thoughts on your Web-scale business in fiscal 2021? Thanks. And I've got a follow-up.

Hey, [Rod]. It's Scott. The long-debated white box topic, yes. So I put it this way, Rod, I don't see white boxes in the optical space as being a dominant deployment scenario for lots of reasons, primarily which the economics just don't drive it like it has in some of the other segments of the marketplace. Having said that, there are places in the market that are pursuing that and our play there is a couple of – well, number one is, still an end-to-end system play even in that scenario because people have to deploy software and Line Systems and control this. But also, the pluggable market, there are very few folks, I think, are capable of delivering those high-performance pluggables, and we're being one of them. So we would have exposure to that market as well. All of those dynamics, I'd say are factored into our perspective of 2021. And by the way, I actually don't think it will be much of a dynamic in 2021 at all.

Great. And just a follow-up – sorry.

Sorry, Simon. Go ahead.

The follow-up, hopefully, is pretty simple. Your top traditional North American operator customers, AT&T and Verizon, have been a bit softer. One topic I've heard debate on, and I'd like your view, is how their spending patterns with Ciena may or may not be related to spectrum auctions? And where I'm going with this is, what will be the factors that lead them to come back to more normal spending pattern? Thanks.

I think what you're seeing, if you look at the sort of the large Tier 1s, or a couple of the large Tier 1s in North America, were very kind of front-end loaded in 2020. Some of that, I think was also about supply chain provisioning and making sure that they've got that when COVID first happened. So to some extent, it's sort of normal ebbs and flows of that. And our dialog with them and engagement as we get into 2021, I think you are going to see a stronger second half for some of those large carriers, and I don't think that's particularly affected by this whole sort of notion of the auction cost. I think what we're seeing is pretty steady visibility in terms of – now, we're engaged with these major carriers pretty much on all of their strategic platforms and across all of their business. And we see it pretty steady, but with a forecast for an uptick in the second half.

Thank you.

Thanks, Simon.

Your next question comes from Meta Marshall of Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks. And you spoke to kind of conservatism around the planning around some of your customers. I just wanted to get a sense of whether you'd attempted to quantify maybe kind of international installation challenges or kind of slower lab testing just as kind of a drag right now as COVID-specific drags? And then, I know we kind of talked about last quarter that you still thought that open Line Systems or maybe a – were not going to be a method of Huawei replacement, and just kind of getting an update as far as – what you're seeing as far as customers looking to kind of replace Huawei and what timelines that could be on? Thanks.

Okay. I'd take the first part of that matter in terms of the – what we're seeing. From the initial impact of COVID, it was really around just the velocity ban of installation. That's largely been ameliorated with various protocols and stuff, stuff people can't get to sites, et cetera. But then what we saw was really a deprioritization of new builds because they didn't want to risk messing around with the network at a time when you've got all these capacity going on it. So really, I think they've made the decision to run it hotter for a little bit. It's not completely binary. I mean, we are deploying stuff, we are engaged in labs. We figured out ways of doing that. So that's what I said, it sort of feels somewhat bifurcated. There's lots of planning going on and activity and RFP activity and awards, but it's just not being deployed very quickly, and we haven't really seen much of a change to that since last quarter, really. But you look at the – the demand continues to build, the engagement we've been around, new awards continues unabated. So that's pretty much the dynamic we've got. I mean, obviously, particularly in Europe more recently, you're seeing more restrictions because of the COVID pace. That's not particularly impacting us somewhat perversely because we're not actually doing a lot of those new business deployments. So we're not seeing too much impact from that. If that answers your question.

Yes. That's helpful.

Okay. Scott, you want to take the Line System?

Yes. Meta, I mean, the open Line System concept, in an approach to actually take, say, next-generation optics technology and run it over a legacy system is not new. If you want to think about it, in its purest form, we got into the submarine business by doing exactly that, overlaying Line Systems, and we’re doing that for a decade or close to a decade. So that's not new. As it applies to Huawei now, comments in the past, I think were – that's not necessarily the trigger. The trigger is twofold. Number one is just a list of actually moving operationally all those circuits that maybe sitting on a Huawei network to touching the customers, touching the back-office system is a heavy lift for our customers and that will take time. The other thing though is, their prioritization around moving away from Huawei, a lot of press around their end network and that is getting the priority that we see around the world as opposed to I'll say the core infrastructure, the core optical infrastructure with possible exception we are seeing some activity in India.

Got it. I appreciate it. Thanks guys.

Thanks, Meta.

Your next question comes from Paul Silverstein of Cowen and Company. Your line is open.

Thanks. Jim, the COVID and pricing environment, are you seeing a change for better or worse? And could you comment on what you're seeing from Web-scale customers, in particular any concerns about Amazon's project versus impact from a longer-term standpoint?

That was more than one question, Paul. But I'd say that the pricing environment really is, has not meaningfully changed. We do have one company that's been a very significant price aggressor in the industry. It's a company that is – it doesn't have an 800-gig product, and so I think they're using price to try to maintain or gain market share in some cases. So I'd say, it really hasn't changed very much, but I think that at the margin, we have improved our gross margin slightly because of all the things that we're doing to take cost out of our systems. And with respect to the Web-scale, we still think that their spend this year is a bit lower than we ended the year. It's difficulty in getting data centers built and all that sort of thing. But by and large, we're doing well. We think, essentially, we retain share with them. And with regard to specifics about any one customer, we just can't do that. But we do know that certain Web-scale customers are experimenting with some – might say grow your own technology. We think we've adequately captured that in our guidance for the year.

Appreciate it.

Thanks, Paul.

Your next question comes from John Marchetti of Stifel, Nicolaus. Your line is open.

Thanks very much. Jim, in regards to your outlook for 2021, you talked about the second half being better. But I'm just curious if we've often seen the first quarter still be the trough of the business and then it moves up from there? And I'm wondering if at least that seasonal pattern you expect to hold true as you're going through fiscal 2021?

The pattern is going to be the same as it has always been. Our first quarter has always been lighter, and then we've strengthened as we move through the year. Second half has typically been better than the first half. We expect that trend to be the same. However, because we will have meaningfully lower first half than maybe our trend line has been, the difference between the first and second half will be more exaggerated this year. In fact, if you just do the numbers, John, and I am sure you have, it's pretty obvious. Our second half is quite a bit higher than our first half.

Right. And then maybe just on a different topic, Gary. As you're looking at a lot of the interest of the activity around the new WaveLogic chipset, for the service providers, how much of that is true 800-gig focused versus improving performance of 400 and maybe even 100, 200-gig systems in terms of increasing the distance in their efficiencies and whatnot. I'm just curious how we think about that dynamic playing out as we're looking more into the second half of next year, maybe even into 2022?

John, we've talked about this before. We use the 800-gig as an easy handle for basically twice the performance of the previous generation, and that performance you use in various different applications, and actually it's quite difficult for us to even keep track of how much of that is going to be dialed up at 800-gig versus 750-gig versus 700-gig, et cetera, as you can set the dial to wherever you need it to be to get the maximum price per bit performance. That's one of the value propositions around the technology. I will say this, and this may help sort of as a surrogate to it, up until now about two-thirds of the volume that Gary talked about has been on a 6,500 platform, one-third on Wave service. That may give you some idea of the split between service providers and Web-scale. Not perfect, but that's an indicator.

Thanks very much.

Thanks, John.

Your next question comes from Alex Henderson of Needham. Your line is open.

Thank you very much. I was hoping you could focus a little bit on the India market and talk a little bit about what you're seeing there in terms of their reopening the implications of the Chinese vendors all being banned. My estimate that that's about somewhere between 30%, 35% market share opportunity in that geography and you guys are the number two player, if you split, Huawei, ZTE and FiberHome. And to what – how long do you think it will take for that to open up? And then I know one of the vendors, one of the service providers there has the vast majority of their network on that. How did they approach or how do you think they'll approach the replacement process? Any timelines for those decisions and implications hitting your P&L would be extremely helpful. Thank you.

Alex, yes, the India market has been obviously very challenging in the last sort of 18 months or so, initially from just the economic issues there and some of this issue around the taxation of the service providers et cetera. And they've also done large builds in the previous couple of years, so it definitely was a low. And then the impact of COVID, I think, we've been disproportionately affected on their – rolling out their new network. So it's been a very down market for the last sort of couple of years. As you say, there is still – the activity has continued around new architectures and build outs because they've still got a long way to go. I think specifically as it relates to Huawei, I mean what we're seeing in India is if you compare and contrast it to EMEA, Europe, India have moved much faster, I think, to really mitigate their exposure to Huawei, which is about as you say, roughly about 25% to 30% of the total infrastructure is with Huawei. Now it's like anything, it takes time because you got back office systems, et cetera. But they seem to be approaching this more aggressively than the European carriers. I think that's for sure. Unclear exactly how that will play out, Alex, but we've seen a couple of opportunities on the packet side that we've won. They won't get deployed until the second half of this year, but we are beginning to see that movement and we do see that as a tailwind for us, particularly if we think that the effects of COVID ameliorate little in the first half and then the India market begins to move again. And then there's really sort of two to three carriers there, and as you say, the third carrier is very dependent on Huawei, and they're all making plans to migrate away from that. Always takes longer than you think, but we're actually quite bullish around the India market as we move forward into the second half of 2021 and into 2022.

Again, just going back to the point, it's obviously a very large decision process for some of these vendors. Can you give us any sense of when you think that wholesale network deployment decisions might be made in that geography? I mean, taking that example of one customer with about 80% of their network of something of that sort on Huawei, obviously that's a huge decision. And then the other piece of that is, you have seen Jio raise some $20 billion. What do you think the impact of that is? Thanks, and I'll cede the floor.

I think we want to be clear. We've already seen some of that movement. We've won some of that business. We have not deployed it yet, but we've seen some of that migration away from Huawei in India more aggressively than we've seen it in Europe. And even during the course of the last couple of quarters, we won business specifically around the Huawei replacement. Now always takes longer than you think. If you ask me for a timeline, it's one to three years before you really play that through. But it's moving and decisions are being made now by all of these carriers around mitigating their exposure to Huawei. Some have more exposure than others, but those decisions are being made. And we are winning more than our fair share of that business.

Thank you.

Thanks, Alex.

Thanks, Alex.

Your next question comes from Amit Daryanani of Evercore ISI. Your line is open.

Thanks for taking my questions. I guess the first one, could you just maybe touch on how should we think about the Web-scale growth in fiscal 2021 versus your expectation, I think overall 0% to 3% growth? And then very specifically within that segment, I think last quarter you talked about a new customer win in the Web-scale side. How is that ramping up and any way to dimensionalize how that revenue stream could look like in 2021?

Yes, let me…

We may have lost Gary there.

It’s around driving the data center expansion et cetera, just logistically more than in and out. We expect that market…

We lost you, Gary. You might want to restart your answer, I apologize.

I'm sorry?

I apologize. We lost you there for the beginning. You may want to restart your answer.

Okay. Yes. All right. So if we look at the Web-scale – start at the top. We think the Web-scale market in 2021 will grow in mid-single digit, and we expect to maintain market share, 50% plus, and grow basically in line with the market this year. We've got, now as we've talked about, it's largely dominated by four main players, and we've now, as we've said got the fourth player, which we're beginning to roll out and we are beginning to deploy during the course of this year. It will be second half loaded, [indiscernible] to that. We'll see that ramp up and we'll see a pretty good movement across all of the Web-scale players during 2021.

Perfect. And if I can just follow-up on the pluggables discussion that we're having earlier. I guess, how do you – how would you think about the revenue opportunity on the pluggable side? And then importantly, do you think the gross margin structure there is any different versus what it is for overall Ciena? Thank you.

I guess I'll take the revenue question, first of all. From a 2021 perspective, we don't see this as being a significant market opportunity, not only for Ciena, I think for anybody. I think just timing-wise, the industry has moved to the right. [Indiscernible] 2021 event. I think specifically pluggables in the coherent space, I think of it in three different ways. One is that very specific application around a very short reach, metro/cap [indiscernible] and that would be substitutive to some of our dedicated transport [indiscernible]. Think of it as coherent moving India access, which is net new business for all coherent players, that will take some time. That won't be a 2021 event. And then I think of it as just the natural miniaturization of the technology, still embodying the system business [indiscernible] and that was no different than the other previous generation of technology. Margin-wise, across those three things, I don't see a discernable difference in the margin versus our system business. The revenue opportunity on that first application I talked about, obviously a smaller because you're not selling the whole system [indiscernible].

I think we can move on to next question, operator.

Okay. Your next question comes from Fahad Najam of MKM Partners. Your line is open.

Thank you for taking my questions. I have two questions. First, on the OpEx outlook. Seems like a pretty healthy increase. I suspect most of it is in R&D. Does that suggest maybe a step up in cadence on your part, especially in light of – if our checks are correct that Acacia is going to likely announce a 1 terabit solution in the first half of 2021? Are you seeing an increase in design cadence in the industry overall? And then on the question related to Huawei, if I'm not mistaken, it sounds like a $700 million to $1 billion total revenue opportunity for you. So why not give up a two or three-year outlook as to what your revenue growth would be potentially given it's a substantial opportunity for you? Why don't you guys give us a three-year outlook on what your revenue trend could be?

Okay. Thank you, Fahad. On the OpEx situation, just to remind everybody, we went into 2020 and guided OpEx to be $270 million to $275 million for the average for the quarters for 2020. That's exactly the number that we have posted this year as guide for the year. So this is, it's not really a step-up generally speaking, but it is a higher number than – the 2021 number is higher than 2020, because we didn't spend in some areas, including travel, including medical, et cetera, as a result of the pandemic. So generally speaking, this is not a big increase. It's flat to what we expected for 2020. We are stepping up some investments in R&D and not spending in other areas that mainly has to do with the Edge and Access portion of our portfolio.

On the Huawei comments, listen, I understand that it's getting a lot of geopolitical attention and a lot of publicity, but this is not particularly a new dynamic to us. This has been in play for a couple of years now, and it's going to take a while because, first of all, you talked about in Europe, they've got massive amounts of installed base. It's integrated into all of their back-office systems. It's very expensive for these carriers to make those kinds of wholesale moves, and the operational issues associated with that are very large. So even though many governments et cetera, would like that to go faster, it also costs a lot of money. And so, you factor all of that in, and then the reality is, yes, it's a great tailwind and will happen we think over a period of time, but not as fast as folks will think, possibly with the exception of India as I talked about earlier. And overall, your number around the share that they have in Europe and then India, is it a $0.5 billion to a $1 billion total market, something like that? Yes. But it will be feathered in – it's already feathered into our forecast for the year and has been for the last couple of years. So I don't think would be appropriate to carve that out, and apart from which having visibility to that degree of granularity three years out is certainly challenging. But it is a tailwind, it's a very positive dynamic for us. We are winning business there. We just won some in India. We've won some business in Europe that we are now deploying. You look at people like Deutsche Telekom, Vodafone Group, BT, those are existing customers that we are expanding with because of this dynamic, and that is happening, but it's feathered into our overall business now.

Thank you. Appreciate the answers.

Thanks, Fahad.

Your next question comes from Samik Chatterjee of JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the question. I just wanted to start off with asking you about the Edge and the Access part of the network, where you're obviously talking about investments. But as some of the discussions around 5G picks up, and Nokia being the large incumbent there, how should we be thinking about the opportunity for share gains over the next few years in that part of the network? And I have a follow-up.

Scott, you want to take it?

Yes. So first of all, our Edge and Access piece, our next generation metro included in that, 5G is one driver there, also the evolution of an enterprise business services in general is another driver. I think we've talked in the past around our existing businesses, very strong in those areas, wireless backhaul and enterprise services in North America and India, I'll just say under distributed in the rest of the world, partially because historically it was not playing in the IP space. The investments that we're making there is really around our next generation IP capability with a ground-up IP OS integrated with our optics, integrated with our multilayer domain controllers, and then a series of products optimized for things like 5G, fiber deep and the next generation sort of aggregation networks for converged traffic. All of those things we think is an opportunity that will show up in our Metro and our Packet business, and we expect that to grow faster than our aggregate part of the business going forward. Now, 5G specifically, I think what's going on right now is sort of augmentation on their existing architectures, that will benefit us where we have wireless backhaul instalments today, but our real opportunity longer term is as they start to look at stand-alone architectures and make architectural decisions, that will allow us to expand our addressable market beyond our historical installed base of wireless backhaul.

Got it. And if I can follow-up with a question for Jim, just if you can give us some color on, you talked about the investments that are kind of probably going to be elevated for a bit here. But how long is that going to run for? Primarily, because if I think about what you said for your three-year outlook and you ended the year with 17.6% margin, which is higher than your long-term range. If I think about gross margins moderating a bit, but you also guided to having OpEx leverage for the three-year. Do we end up kind of three years out about the long-term range that you provided of 16% to 17%?

Without giving a specific number, I would say that we would expect operating margin to increase from what we're going to deliver in 2021, if we hit our plan. So yes, we said that we are going to grow OpEx more slowly than revenue would grow in the two years beyond 2021. We did indicate that our gross margins, we think our base rate of gross margins have improved a little bit. So yes, we do expect our operating margin over the next couple of years to increase than what we're going to post in 2021.

Thanks, Samik.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from Ryan Koontz of Rosenblatt Securities. Your line is open.

Hi. Thanks for the question. As you look ahead to the impact from ZR on the DCI segment, assuming you're able to retain share with your incumbent customers there, how should we think about the deflationary price per wavelength there? Seems like pretty disruptive impact to pricing and when we think about that deflating the market there a little bit? Thank you.

Yes, Ryan, here's how I think about it, if you drive sort of the typical price erosion curve over the last decade in the optical space and you think about the timing of ZR and some of the price point that we sort of see in the marketplace, you can extrapolate that curve. It's the natural price erosion that we see from technology introduction. So, I don't see that being any different than we've had to deal with for years in this industry and as we sort of demonstrated you can survive and flourish in that space if you actually lead from a technology innovation and actually control the vertical integration of your supply chain. And that's what we intend to do on ZR as well.

Okay. Helpful. And just a quick follow-up on Q4. The soft packet number there, how should we think about that in terms of – that just lumpiness in customer concentration kind of affecting that business, or is there any kind of secular demand change in packet? Thanks.

I think it was impacted by the sort of – some of that businesses around the Edge delivering sort of ethernet type services, and I think that was impacted by the challenges in enterprise, SMB and the carrier managed service piece, and then probably a little bit of ebbs and flows. We had a couple of logic customers that built out heavily in the first half of last year. Some of it a little bit around sort of COVID planning pull forwards, but normal ebbs and flows to that. But we expect to have a pretty good year as we go forward now. We've got a lot of the new technology we developed in market. And as I said on some of that Adaptive IP, we've got seven installations now and scaling. So, we actually think that Packet business will do well during 2021

And over the next few years, it'll grow faster than our base business, we believe.

Okay. Thanks so much.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from Jim Suva of Citi. Your line is open.

Thank you. And I just have one question. When you mentioned in your prepared comments that the carriers are kind of sweating their assets in the use for life and bandwidth, you mentioned that you expect them to come back to spending on the, I'm not sure with the core. Is there any risk that they continue to spend more on the Edge and actually continue to sweat those assets in the metro and core a lot longer? And the reason why I ask is, maybe you have some contracts in place or you have some agreements where you actually have the visibility into where it will come back or is it just more of the hope of continued bandwidth you believe it's going to come back? Any comments on that, that would be great.

Yes, that's a good question, Jim. I mean, I think what you did see with the initial traffic flows go to the Edge, obviously the carriers then focused on just making sure that those access points, mainly at homes, are sufficiently supported, which is what they have kind of been focused on. When we look at our model and our forecast for the year, it takes into account a number of things in terms of what we've got is visibility. Some of it is project plans and engagements with our customers, some of it is orders, it's pipeline, it's RFP activity, it's executive engagement with those customers around what they're planning to do. And obviously, we've got pretty deep and long-term relationships with many of these service – large service providers. So we have pretty good visibility into that. Now, the things that are unknown there are what happens with COVID and the economy at large. The overriding assumption, I think, of all of this is that that begins to ameliorate during the course of the year and the dynamics around the traffic flows is such that they'd be under a lot of pressure to build out their metro and their core. And it's not that they don't want to do that right now, it's not really even a budget issue. It is really about just risk aversion of and focus of messing with the network for those kind of upgrades during this kind of time when they can't deploy all of the people and support that they would normally do for those kinds of activities. So, it's really a combination of all of those elements and the visibility that we have that gives us some confidence that – as Jim said, if we're right about that, we'll need to see an uptick in orders as we go through Q2. And that'll be a big test of that assumption. But based on what we see right now, that looks like a pretty good assumption. We always have a stronger second half than first. It's just going to be more accentuated, we believe, this year.

Thank you so much for the details and clarifications.

Thank you, Jim.

Thanks, everyone, for joining us this morning. We appreciate your time. We look forward to following up with everybody today and over the next few days and seeing everyone, well, at least remotely, over the next few weeks, and happy holidays, Happy New Year, everyone.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.