Greetings. Welcome to Chegg, Inc. Fourth Quarter 2020 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. [Operator Instructions] Please not, this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the conference over to your host, Tracey Ford, Vice President of Investor Relations for Chegg. You may begin.

Good afternoon. Thank you for joining Chegg’s fourth quarter 2020 conference call. On today’s call are Dan Rosensweig, Co-Chairperson and CEO; and Andy Brown, Chief Financial Officer. A copy of our earnings press release along with our investor presentation is available at our Investor Relations website investor.chegg.com. A replay of this call will also be available on our website. We routinely post information on our website and intend to make important announcements on our media center website at chegg.com/mediacenter. We encourage you to make use of these resources. Before we begin, I would like to point out that during the course of this call, we will make forward-looking statements regarding future events, including the future financial and operating performance of the company. These forward-looking statements are subject to material risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. We caution you to consider the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statement. In particular, we refer you to the cautionary language included in today’s earnings release and the risk factors described in Chegg’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 26, 2020, as well as our other filings with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements that we make today are based on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable as of this date. We undertake no obligation to update these statements as a result of new information or future events. During this call, we will present both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measure. Our GAAP results and GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliation can be found in our earnings press release and investor slide deck found in our IR website investor.chegg.com. We also recommend you review the investor data sheet, which is also posted in our IR website. Now, I will turn the call over to Dan.

Thank you, Tracey, and welcome everyone to our 2020 Q4 earnings call. Last year was a complicated time for the world, for our country and particularly for students who are navigating the pandemic, rising social issues and school closings. It was also an unprecedented time for Chegg, as we transition 1,900 employees out of our offices and into a remote working environment overnight. It was a year in which we increased our community support, committing over $1 million to local organizations, including food banks, who are rising to meet the increased need from students across the country. Like many, we had to meet these challenges head on, but we never lost sight of putting students first and we are proud of our results, and that we outperformed even our most enthusiastic expectations. It has always been our operating assumption that the transition to online learning was inevitable. But we certainly didn’t know the catalysts would be COVID-19. We believe this massive shift to learning online accelerated by the pandemic is an irreversible trend and it’s actually more student centric. With increased access to digital learning and support, more learners can learn more subjects on any device, anywhere and anytime, with incredibly high quality content and tools. Whenever there is a major platform disruption, there are new leaders that redefine the category and as the largest direct-to-student online learning platform, Chegg’s products and services are increasingly critical to students’ success. Our results reflect the growing importance of Chegg’s learning support services to millions of students around the world. In 2020 we saw year-over-year annual subscriber growth of 67%, representing over 6.6 million subscribers and total revenue growth of 57%. The trends towards online learning are continuing, and as a result, it gives us the confidence to raise our guidance in 2021,…

Thanks, Dan, and good afternoon, everyone. Today I will discuss our financial performance for the fourth quarter and full year 2020, as well as our increased outlook for 2021. By any measure, 2020 was our best year as a company. We far exceeded our initial expectations for revenue, adjusted EBITDA and all key operating metrics. In addition, we significantly increased investments in our future growth opportunities such as international expansion and skills, we pulled forward technological investments such as device management and MFA to combat account sharing and we purchased Mathway to expand our presence in the math category. And finally, we took advantage of favorable market conditions to raise capital, which creates additional opportunities for future growth. As such, we enter 2021 in an even stronger position than we entered 2020, and as a result, we expect to extend our position as the leader in the direct-to-student market. Moving on to 2020 performance, total revenue grew 57% to $644 million. This was driven by an almost $200 million year-over-year increase in Chegg Services revenue, which grew to $521 million and subscriber growth of 67% to 6.6 million for the year. This resulted in adjusted EBITDA margin of 32% or $207 million, up 66% year-over-year, demonstrating the continued leverage and power of our subscription model, which allowed us to increase our investments for future growth, while improving our adjusted EBITDA margin. We ended the year on a high note, with Q4 total revenue growing 64% to $206 million, with Chegg Services growing to $176 million, which was above the high end of our expectations and more Chegg Services revenue than we achieved for all of 2016. Subscribers grew 74% in Q4, driven across all our subscription services as students continued to rely on Chegg for help to better understand their…

[Operator Instructions] Our first question is from Jeff Silber with BMO Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.

Thank you so much and let me congratulate you guys on a really stellar year in a tough environment. The numbers are really phenomenal. You spoke a bit about the international strength and expectations for that to continue. Can you give us a little bit more color, where are these international students coming from? Where do you expect them to come from over the next few years?

Yeah. Look, thank you very much. It’s truly credit to our team and I think people are pretty excited about just how positive we are in ‘21 even this early in the year and even though despite the pandemic continues, because we’re going to come out of the pandemic stronger than we went in and we were strong going in. And international is one of the reasons, frankly. It’s interesting we’re in a -- we’re in over 190 countries already. You can imagine that the big ones are the English speaking ones first, Canada, Australia, U.K. And then, frankly, we’re seeing consistent growth from all countries that were in. They’re just starting from different baselines, Canada started first and then Australia second, U.K. third, but we see we see incredible growth from the Mideast, we see incredible growth from Asia. We are staying out of China to the best of our ability. But we -- so it’s hard for us to predict one country over the other in terms of growth rates, what we would say, is the bigger countries will be bigger for us. Collectively, it’s our belief that the international opportunities actually bigger than the domestic opportunity. So we’re pretty excited about what we see and for those who don’t follow us that closely, we have a different model than say a Netflix or Spotify where they either need to create content or license the content. We have this unique model where we -- where our content is ubiquitous across the world, because stem is stem and business is business, and there are some nuances and those nuances get asked and then answered by us afterwards. And so the model is incredibly high growth, extraordinarily efficient and that’s why you continue to see growth in our margins. So international has been just a real positive surprise for us and it’s -- we’re not picking winners right now. We’re just -- we’re going after all of it.

All right. That’s great to hear. My follow up question is a different topic, about a month ago, you guys launched Honor Shield, a way to support the integrity of online exams. I know there’s been some negative media stories about how students might have been abusing the Chegg product. Can you talk to us a little bit about this product and how you’re going to offset that issue going forward? Thanks.

Yeah. Look, it’s fascinating. I think, once again, reporters don’t understand what Chegg does and the way we do it and it’s sort of like traditional media defending traditional media, actually -- versus -- actually looking at the changes and the advancements that are happening in every industry. Look, the internet is here to stay. Technology is here to say. What happened for the schools, unfortunately, is they were woefully under invested in technology. They didn’t prepare to teach online. They tried not to teach online. And then when push came to shove, they gave take home tests. Often those tests were old questions or they’re auto generated. Many of you may not know this, a lot of tests are auto generated by tools that they licensed from the publishers. They don’t even develop their own test question. And so they were not prepared for it. So we stepped in, and we said, look, that’s not what Chegg was built for. That’s not what we want it for. The overwhelming majority, I mean, overwhelming majority of students use us every week whether they have a test, they have a [inaudible] or not, because they have no scalable support from their institutions. And frankly, overwhelmingly, none of them ever had it in high school. So we’re the first high quality, affordable, on-demand support that they can use to master the subject, which is why we shared that research about just how much smarter and how much more comfortable they get with the data. But we said, look, we have a role to play here, too. And so the first thing is, we doubled the number of people that we have that handle these kinds of issues almost overnight, because we saw our subscriber base double, almost overnight and not just domestically,…

All right. Great. Thanks so much for the color.

Yeah. Thanks for the question.

[Operator Instructions] And our next question will come from Stephen Sheldon with William Blair. Please proceed with your question.

Hi. Thanks. Great to see the increased revenue guidance for 2021, but just wanted to ask about assumptions for the second half of the year, in particular, it seems to assume based on the quarterly cadence, you guys laid out, a pretty big slowdown in year-over-year revenue growth. I think you’ve noted some assumed headwinds in Required Materials. So can you help roughly frame what you’ve maybe assumed between the two segments in the second half of 2021, as I’m just curious about what you’re expecting, in particular for Chegg Services revenue growth? Thanks.

Yeah. So first thing is we were -- we aren’t in segments. That’s just a dirty word for me. So we are one business segment. But the way we were viewing the 2021 is not a lot different than as we looked at it in November. There are as you are aware some uncertainties as we come through COVID and we believe we’ve accounted for those appropriately. But as Dan said, we recognize that education has fundamentally changed, has accelerated the trends that we’ve been talking about for literally years and we believe that the tail winds that we have seen over the last call it, 12 months or so will continue. The question -- the open question is, how strong are they going to be, it’s not, are they going to be there. And we think when I went -- when we put our forecast and our guidance together, we incorporated that into the thought process.

Yeah. And so, I guess, within Required Materials, I guess, are you assuming that the revenue in the second half is down a decent amount year-over-year?

Not really. If you take a -- if you kind of go back to Required Materials, what we’ve been saying for many years is kind of a flattish type business from both and then that’s kind of where we’re at, I mean, Required Materials. If you take a look at the guide that we would provide it is, it’s within a range of what we’ve seen in prior years. Clearly, we had the transition year last year, when we went from Ingram where they were owning the textbooks, but us owning them. But the net-net of this is, Required Materials is a kind of a plus or minus type business, don’t expect any significant growth and don’t expect any significant declines. It’ll plus or minus $5 million or so.

Great. Thank you.

And our next question is from Ryan MacDonald with Needham & Company. Please proceed with your question.

Yeah. Good afternoon and congrats on an excellent quarter. Dan, I guess, the first one for you. You’ve made a lot of investment on the technology front to work on account sharing. Can you just talk about some of the early returns you’re seeing from that or any sort of differences in conversion activity from students that might have been abusing or using sharing an account that might have looked to now start paying for the solution, since you put those investments and technologies in place?

Yeah. It’s a fantastic question. It’s a little bit complicated to answer. But the news is all good. So a lot of people ask, what happens post-COVID and I think, Andy, just articulated, we are -- Chegg success in the U.S. is not a result of people being on campus or not being on campus. It is the reality that we’re great at what we do. But we also had an extraordinary number of people who were sharing accounts. And we were working on that technologies several quarters before and we were beginning to make significant headway. There’s three buckets of people, there’s people that, that steal [ph] them, there’s people that sell them and there’s people that share them and the biggest category by far were the people that share them, but we focused on the stealers and the resellers first, because that’s just a different kind of technology. And as Andy mentioned, we moved up investments that were planned actually for ‘21 into ‘20, because when students got off campus, they -- the proximity sharing, which is, I mean, your dorm room, your room, I see you in library, they couldn’t do anymore. And that really just highlighted for everybody, including us just how big the opportunity was for us if we blocked it faster. So we took two significant steps, one in August and one in October. And based on what we can tell, a lot of people don’t realize that even though a lot of people are taking classes online, they still were asked to come back to campus, which is crazy in higher education and you saw the outcome of that. But nonetheless, we feel that it made a significant impact and that’s why we continue to see extraordinary growth in Chegg Study, because the value proposition is overwhelming for the students. It helps them learn. They can get it anytime day or night and for the $14.95, they just feel it’s worth it now, because they weren’t able to share it anymore. So I can’t give a specific number because it just was coincidental with when COVID happen. And then outside the U.S. we obviously didn’t have that problem, but what COVID did for us, was it allows students for the first time to go to the internet look for help and they found us and it is sustained, because outside the U.S. in most countries they went back to school and you could see the growth continuing going on. So I would say it’s been an extraordinary win for Chegg and our investors, and I think we’re seeing it because those people that we believe were sharing that now buying their own. They’re using the same as the original count. They’re staying on as long as they’re engaged with it as frequently as the subscribers that came before them, they’re renewing at the same rate. So that’s all good. So we’re very happy with the results so far.

Excellent. And then for a follow up question, I want to ask about Thinkful, you recently announced a partnership with ASU to offer boot camps to those students? Can you discuss the structure of the partnership and do you expect to continue to look for additional universities to partner with or be more focused on sort of direct-to-student going forward? Thanks.

Yeah. It’s great question. So we did not go seek that partnership. What has happened is Chegg, when we acquired Thinkful, we expanded the curriculum, we lowered the prices, we increased ISAs to give people of diverse backgrounds the opportunity to take advantage of these things and change their lives. And on top of that, we did something that no other competitor in the market has, which is, we have 24x7 on demand support from our chat-based tutoring. And as a result of that, we put ourselves in a position where we’re the best priced and the greatest support and the relevant curriculum and that got noticed by a number of institutions who wants students to finish into graduate. And so we’ve been contacted by a number of them. We’re testing it with ASU to see whether or not these are the kinds of partnerships that we want. ASU is a phenomenal university. They are forward thinking and they see us as a great partner to be able to accelerate their path. And to what Chegg has been talking about for years, which is learning to earning is here. 75% of college age student never get a degree. 43% of those that go on to colleges don’t get a degree. And so somebody’s got to make them employable and ASU seize that opportunity and Chegg seize that opportunity. So it was a terrific partnership. I wouldn’t be surprised if you see a few more of them. But even there we’re going direct to the student, it’s just in partnership with ASU marketing it and the way that deal works is we do their content and we do the teaching, they use their brand and they use their marketing and then there’s a revenue split that’s to both sides benefit. But it eliminates the cost of marketing for us and eliminates the cost of curriculum creation for them and we’ll see. I mean, we just announced it. So it’s too early to say whether or not this is a model we want to extend to other places. But it’s very clear that institutions see this as an opportunity and are interested in working with Chegg.

Excellent. Thanks very much.

Yeah.

And our next question is from Douglas Anmuth with JPMorgan. Please proceed with your question.

Great. Thanks for taking the questions. Dan, I just want to follow up on skills based, obviously, elevated with the pandemic and a top priority into 2021. Just curious if you could talk more about how the product suite is going to expand both organically and then potentially through M&A? And I guess, how do you think about ranking kind of skills based priority relative to the core more college focused experience? Thanks.

Yeah. That is phenomenal question, Doug. And that’s the right way to think about it in our mind and that’s how we’ve been thinking about it. And what’s very clear is in the academic support role, that business is doing phenomenally well. It’s seeing accelerated growth. It’s expanding globally. It’s getting more profitable each and every day and kicks off a lot of cash flow and we’ll see a lot of growth for a lot of years. But what’s also clear is, the modern student doesn’t want to take on debt, that 50% of the world’s population is below the age of 30 that students around the world are trying to empower themselves and pay for themselves. So that needs to be affordable. And so our view is have the highest quality with the greatest support so that students are more likely to learn it and pass and become employable and that allows us to lower our prices and allows us to do other kind of financing methods for the students, so they take less of a risk, which institutions unfortunately don’t do on behalf of students. So when we look at the market and you realize that it’s actually a bigger market than the academic sport and the academic sport market is a massive market. And we look at the overlap when we say our brand is trusted. When you think about the number of years, I just passed my 11-year anniversary at Chegg. And when you think about the number of students that have come through and used our brand, it’s probably in excess of 70 million students have used our brand and subscribed to something or use something over the course of that period of time. So they like us and they trust us. So we think…

That’s great. Thanks. And just to follow up with one on Honor Shield.

Yeah. Go ahead.

I mean, historically, you’re a D2C company, working directly with students and consumers basically, but with Honor Shield, I mean, this is a product targeted toward institutions and professors. Just curious if we’ll see more along those lines going forward.

Yeah. No. It’s a fair question. And what’s interesting though, Doug is, if you think about higher education, there’s like really 4,500, 5,000 institutions, but they’re made up of millions of professors and each professor makes their own rules. It’s one of the blessings of higher education and one of the real problems with higher education, which is there’s no consistency. There’s no opportunity to push people to change the curriculum or force them to use technology. You actually have to do hand-to-hand combat with each professors. So to us, we’re treating it like a direct-to-consumer opportunity, which is we’ve communicated to as many of them as we can, we put it in the press. They work through our SAT group, which is, you can call customer service, we can -- student advocacy team or the SAT, because of colleges. And we built technology that’s super easy to use and go look at the site now. They can list anything. And then if they want me to make a phone call, they can do it or if they want to do chat base, they can do it. So we’re treating it like we’re going direct to each professor rather than to a specific school by themselves, because in higher education really no school except but for profits can make a decision from the top down.

Got it. Okay. Very helpful. Thank you.

Yeah. Great questions.

[Operator Instructions] Thank you. And our next question is from Josh Baer with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question.

Hi. This is Chris [ph] on for Josh. Congrats on the amazing quarter. I wanted to ask on the various growth levers you have right now. There’s obviously international, the bundles, skills and account sharing. Should any of these initiatives and their contribution to the model, let’s say, peak in the next two years or should all of these -- should we’d be taking a longer term view on all these four growth drivers? Thanks.

I’ll start. This is Dan. And I’ll turn it over to Andy, because I think there’s modeling questions that are probably inherent in that. I would say the one that has had the most immediate impact is account sharing. And I think people are confusing that domestically, as if they were a stay on home company or not a stay on company, that’s completely irrelevant to Chegg. What’s relevant is that students know who we are. They want us. We provide an unbelievable service and the numbers reflect that. So that’s the one that probably catches up first. International, it’s -- as Andy articulated, this is something we only started talking about two years ago and we’re estimating that this year we’ll have over 1 million non-U.S. subscribers. So I think that gives you an indication of two things, how quickly it’s growing and how large it’s likely to get. And that -- so that’s one that’s just really, really early. Skills is even earlier than that, right? Thinkful was a small acquisition to give us a sense of how the market works. How to do pricing? What the content that needs? How to support a student? It’s been an incredible learning experience and it’s doing really, really well for us. So that one is also very, very early in our existence. But bundle, it depends on how you’re looking at it and I think, Andy, can walk you through how we think about it as a model. But we’ve been marketing the bundle really exclusively only to new customers and the take rate has been much higher than we expected and has been similar outside the U.S. to inside the U.S., which both have been really pleasant surprises. And so that means in years to come we’ll actually start to reap the benefit of all of those starting to renew. So a higher percentage of our renewal base, which is very high, it’s higher than our newer customer base, will renew at even higher numbers. So that one builds over time. So I don’t really know how to explain it to you, except we’re thrilled that we have all of those factors to go after right now. Andy, I don’t know if you want to add anything to that.

No. I think, Dan, nailed it. I mean, when you think about where we are as a company today versus where we were just a couple of years ago, where we were primarily U.S. college-based opportunity. I mean, we’ve vastly expanded and truth be told the academic side has allowed us to do that. So we’ve got both the domestic side that continues to grow at a very fast pace and then we’ve added on the other two growth factors that, as Dan said, super early, right? International, we already started those investments in early 2019 and then more recently in the skill space. So I think when I think about our future is much brighter than our past and our past has been pretty darn good.

Got it. Thank you.

And our next question is from Brent Thill with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question.

Dan, you’ve grown extremely well, while having great bottomline growth as well. It’s pretty rare in tech, as you know. Many have asked, can you continue that pace and the cadence of topline growth and bottomline growth or is there some point where you kind of have to hit their brakes a little bit, make some bigger investments and take a pause. Just curious…

Yeah.

… your thoughts on the overall trajectory? Thank you.

Yeah. It’s a very fair question and I think any operator would ask those kinds of questions. And what’s interesting and we sort of alluded to it in our prepared remarks, but we declared for our employee base 2020 is the year of plumbing, which is we actually made significant investments in systems, in analytics and the ability to do AB testing at outside the U.S., not just inside the U.S., to do eCommerce and do local pricing. These were all things that we planted on 2020 being the year of that kind of investment and we did it. I mean, we still have a few more things to do obviously and in the platform companies that stopped investing in their platform, lose over time. And so I’ve learned that lesson, we’re not going to do that. But what’s fascinating is, so for us, we don’t have to do like, going for maintenance. We did that in 2020. But at the same time, because of account sharing and those things, which the team was able to do faster than we thought, because the opportunity presented itself, we’ve done a lot of those things that we needed to do to be able to accept this level of growth. And so I -- there’s nothing technologically in front of us right now, for us to not handle this level of growth and that’s -- we were very fortunate in that 2020 was going to be that year and we were able to do it and handle that growth. The question over the growth rates, I’ll let Andy handle that, because there’s lapping and those kinds of things. But we feel really good. I mean, you saw us we were one of the few companies that had the courage in November to give out not only Q4 but our ‘21 plan and then we feel comfortable enough only five weeks into the year to elevate even that one. So I think we’re not seeing the wall that other companies might see. But let Andy handle the rest of that question.

Yeah. I mean, I think, Dan, actually kind of nailed it. I mean, the fact of the matter is, we’ve got a very scalable model, lots of leverage in our model. And Dan mentioned earlier, I mean, stem is stem, it doesn’t matter whether you’re a U.S. college student, but a college students in Turkey, stem and stem. So we got a lot of leverage in our model from our content. And so, yeah, we -- that -- we don’t see ourselves anywhere close to a steady state from a margin perspective at this point. We think there’s a lot more leverage in the model as we continue to scale the topline and we believe the topline will continue to grow at a very fast pace. So we’re, yeah, like I said, I -- like I commented on the last call, I’m much more excited about the future than the past and the past has been really good.

Thanks.

And our next question is from Jason Celino with KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. The 1 million international sub by the end of the year, that’s a big number. How should we think about seasonality of this ramp? And then maybe quickly, are you adjusting the price of your products for a country?

I’ll take the…

Thanks, Jason.

I will take the -- Andy, I’ll take the second part first and then you could talk about seasonality. So…

Okay. Go for it. Yeah.

Yeah. So at the moment, what we’re doing is presenting the pricing in local currency and in local language, and we are now able to, we are starting to be able to answer questions asked not in English and returning the answers not in English. That’s a big -- that’s part of the investment we made in technology last year, which is the beginning of translation and we have a lot more to go there, but we’ve started that effort. So to that degree, I think, we are in good shape and I think, what Andy said was, we will cross 1 million, I think it will be even larger than that, but we shall see. And so, as it relates to seasonality, I’ll let Andy explain it. But it is interesting. They are different. They are -- they do have different start dates, Australia has completely different start dates. They have different times a year, which they do things, they have different holidays. So that’s a little bit of a work in progress, but I’ll let Andy explain how we’re thinking about it.

Yeah. Dan nailed it, right? I mean my brother lives in Australia and they just came out of their summer break. So which is very different than the U.S. and some other parts of the world. But the net-net of this rule is, and just as a reminder, I think, I’ve mentioned this in the prepared remarks. There is a seasonality chart in the Investor Relations deck. I think it’s slide 17, if I recall correctly, and that’s all -- so all of the seasonality that we’re anticipate, even though it’s a work in progress, like Dan said, is included in that slide. So reference that.

Okay. Thank you.

And our next question is from Mike Grondahl with Northland Securities. Please proceed with your question.

Yeah, guys. Congrats on the quarter. And if you just look at your CapEx ex the textbooks of $90 million to $100 million, is there any way you can kind of give us a rough range kind of find major growth driver sort of where that’s going or just sort of ranked by major growth driver?

Yeah. I mean, it’s real simple. A vast majority of our CapEx actually goes to expert Q&A, right? We’ve got over 15 million questions asked and answered and archived on our platform today and 90% of those are expert Q&A and so that’s where the most of the dollars go. I mean, obviously, we invest in some other things and we’ve -- as you know, we’ve had some publisher contracts and things like that, but the vast majority is expert Q&A.

Got it. And then I’ll leave it at that. Thanks, guys.

Thanks, Mike.

And our next question is from Alex Fuhrman with Craig-Hallum Capital Group. Please proceed with your question.

Great. Thanks very much for taking my question. I just wanted to ask you about the tutors business, if you can tell us a little bit about why that business was unwound. And just can you give us a general sense of what that was contributing to the business, obviously, it was lower margin. But from a revenue perspective, if you can give us a sense of what that was contributing and maybe any more insight in that decision will be great? Thanks.

Yeah. I’ll start with a decision. If Andy wants to talk about the numbers he can. It actually we -- so it was very interesting. So what is tutoring do the way we were doing it, which is its real-time academic support. And Chegg Study has become so robust, we have over 50 million questions in there, we’re able to answer the questions. We have an SLA of four hours, but most of them under an hour at this point. We’re able to do it increasingly in multiple languages, you can do it by text, you can do it by your camera phone. I mean, it’s just -- it’s -- and we use AI to do matches better and we have a lot of technology that allow -- eliminates duplication of questions and grouping of questions. And so it’s become so robust that it replaced what our consumer tutor product was actually trying to do, which is real-time support. But what we were building is chat-based tutoring, which allows for multiple students to be tutored by the same tutor without being in the same class. So instead of pointing it to consumers, where we were doing a couple of 100,000 sessions, we’re able to point them towards Chegg Study, because it does that and more. And what we’ve done is we redeployed our chat-based tutoring into Thinkful. So that was what I was talking about earlier is one of the biggest differentiators that students are looking for, is when they’re trying to learn a job skill and they don’t understand it. There’s nobody to call when you’re doing it online. And we now have the ability to just click a button inside exactly where you are in the course and we have now redeployed those tutors to real-time tutoring supportive job-based skills. And that is making a difference in our growth rates, it’s making a difference in the number of students that graduate, it’s making a difference in the number of students to become employable. And that needs to scale and that’s a better use of that technology than the consumer business, which is really not generating that much revenue, because we were charging so little. Remember, we were charging $0.50 a minute. So we can do hundreds, we can do millions of sessions and it still won’t generate a lot of revenue. It’s more of -- a more of something to do for students that would never get access to those kinds of things. But Chegg Study is just become so robust, so much faster than we imagine that it actually takes that role. So that’s why we made the decision and we feel really good about it.

Great. That’s really helpful. Thank you.

Yeah.

And our next question is from Brett Knoblauch with Berenberg Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.

Hi, guys. Congrats on the good quarter and thanks for taking my question. You ended the year with a rather big cash position. Obviously the acquisitions of past have been relatively small to that cash position. What is your capital allocation plan going forward? Is M&A still going to be the number one priority there? And if that is the priority, I guess, where would you look to further expand it? Would it be mostly on the simple side now that you have a taste for that market?

Yeah. So, yeah, good question. We do have a great capital structure and I would include our stock and our cash combined and that’s intentional, right? Dan mentioned earlier, there’s areas where we can either organically or inorganically potentially move into other areas, particularly in the skills area. So this gives us the ability potentially to do that. Having said that, our -- just keeping with us for a while and our -- the way we handle acquisitions, whether it’s small or large, is not any different. We look -- we play in the fairway as I call it, I’ve been a golfer and we will continue to do that. The other thing and we’ve mentioned this when we did the last capital raise is, a part of what we did was kind of pre-fund potentially calling or buying back some of our outstanding bonds that were deep in the money and we’re being a little diluted to shareholders. So that was the other thing that we -- the reason we went out to the capital back in August. So it gives us the ultimate flexibility as far as whether or not we’re financing future opportunities or reducing dilution and therefore cost to our shareholders.

Perfect. And maybe if I can just ask one more just regarding maybe the international subscriber count that you guys put out there. Is there any way or for you guys tried the growth rate for that? Should we expect international account for more than 10% of revenues in 2021?

Yeah. So, once again, we talked about the 1 million subscribers in 2021 or at least 1 million subscribers in 2021. We’re not breaking out revenue at this point in time. But needless to say, international is important. It is growing extremely fast. And like, Dan said, we’re 190 countries at this point and many of those companies -- countries, excuse me, countries have some fairly significant scale.

Got it. Perfect. Thanks so much.

And our next question is from Eric Martinuzzi with Lake Street Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.

Yeah. Just curious to hear where the headcount finished up for the end of 2020. And then looking at the Chegg Services growth for ‘21, you’re calling for about 29% growth there. Wondering where you think the headcount will need to get to support that by the end of ‘21?

Yeah. So from a headcount standpoint, as we exited the years, approximately 1,900 employees worldwide, significant contingent of that being outside the U.S. in India and Israel. We don’t anticipate growing that base significantly during the year. We made some very large additions in the middle of the last year, when we saw the opportunity to invest incrementally more in international. We went up to some -- we pulled in, we talked about I think on the last call, we pulled in development of things like the device management and MSA technologies. And so we made a lot of those investments in -- that we would have made in 2021 in 2020, obviously, they continue into 2021. But I don’t see us making as bigger investment in headcount as we did this year.

So would you say it grows but just nowhere near the level of revenue or it doesn’t grow at all?

It grows, no, we see leverage. Clearly, you see that already in the in the model, we’re forecasting a 200 bps increase in our overall margins and a big part of our cost structure is headcount. So we’re certainly don’t anticipate that it will grow -- certainly won’t grow any faster than revenue, no.

Okay. Thanks.

And our next question is from Arvind Ramnani with Piper Sandler. Please proceed with your question.

Hi. Thanks for taking my question and congrats on a terrific quarter. My first question is around international, which is incredibly exciting. You provided some color on international. But I want to ask, is anything unique you’re doing an international to win against competitors, in terms of customer acquisition or product. I mean, what kind of -- what’s the unique angle to international that’s enabling you to see this level of success?

Yeah. Look, it’s a great question and unless you’re deep in this space, it’s hard to know this. But we don’t really have any competition. We have very little competition in the U.S. Nobody’s growing as fast as we are, nobody has our balance sheet and really very few people, maybe one or two are profitable at all and we’re increasing our profitability and generate a lot of free cash flow. So what we do is hard to replicate even under the best of circumstances, because you’d have to come up with something better and less expensive and we haven’t raised our prices for 10 years and we have over 15 million Q&A’s in already in our database and it’s growing. We’ve already invested in the ability to start to do translation. So you can ask in any language. It can be translated to any language of any expert. So I -- there really aren’t any competitors of any significance on a global scale that we’re coming up against including in the U.S. And then on a country by country basis, most of them are bootstrap startups, all of who are reaching out. But what makes us different, I think, is our quality, the depth of what we have, the speed in which we do it, the ability to charge such a low price and for it to be something that continues to expand. So whatever subject you’re in, there’s always going to be more subjects and more content and it’s a network effect that builds on itself. So what’s interesting, Andy alluded to it earlier, which is the content that we’ve created and spent a lot of years doing and a lot of money doing, it’s really about translating it to the non-English speaking people. We’re getting a lot of the English speaking people first and now we’re starting to get the non-English speaking people who are taking stem and the goal is to get the non-English speaking people who are not taking stem. So I think our comprehensiveness, the quality, the price, even the brand now. I mean, we’re a great word of mouth product. We don’t spend that much in advertising anywhere in the world, let alone collectively across the world. So it’s -- we’re very fortunate to be in a position where the content is almost ubiquitous in most of the world. It’s the same five publishers who develop the curriculum for most institutions. So we’re not reinventing the wheel like other companies who have to move into those countries have to do. It’s just a unique opportunity and we’re capitalizing on it.

Great. Great. Yes. I mean, it looks like international conceivably can -- over the medium-term could become even bigger portion of your overall revenue?

It will.

Yeah. Great. That’s exciting. And then from a tech perspective, you all have really been making some good strides using your AI analytics to improve your overall product. And of course, entering a product gets monetized appropriately. Are there any sort of factors from a tech perspective that are kind of limiting kind of the speed you’re moving at, do you will need to hire more of these kind of specialized technology skills do you need from partnerships? Are you really sort of pretty well resourced from overall tech perspective?

Look, I think, every engineer, every data scientist will say they’re never fully resourced. But CEOs say you’re over resource. So we always have that debate and I’ve always make sure our fund budget season. But I mean, what the beauty of our model is, that kind of effort is centralized, you don’t need different technologies in different countries, you don’t need different data science concepts and algorithms in different countries, you need to be writing a different code, obviously, in different local languages and those things. And as we mentioned earlier on the call, we’ve made significant investments in the ability to onboard people to support them to do the data, the analytics, AI, there will always be new and better technology that will make us even more efficient and we have an extraordinary team that that works on all of those things. I would say from our standpoint, translation is the one we’re focused on a lot this year, just because international is growing so fast. And there’s a lot of -- we don’t have to invent translation. Others have done a really good job and we work with them on those kinds of things.

Great. Thank you very much and good luck for 2021.

Thank you very much for the question.

And we have reached the end of the question-and-answer session. And I will now turn the call over to Dan Rosensweig for closing remarks.

Yes. Thank you, everybody, for joining us. And thank you for your consistent support. It’s been a really complex year for everybody and we just keep trying to focus and execute. So I want to thank you all for joining us. And I also want to say that I’ve honestly never been more excited about the impact that Chegg can have. The business is obviously great, but the impact that it has that drives the employees of Chegg and the ability to affect so many more students on a global scale now than we’ve ever been able to do before. And it’s clear that we’re able to do that because what we do is more important than ever and as I think many of you are beginning to realize is we have, that it’s a bigger opportunity than even we imagined. We are confident that we can deliver on our priorities and the promise of our mission, because it’s a tremendous Chegg team. And I want to take a moment to acknowledge and thank them, as they continue to be celebrated with leading industry awards for culture, diversity and the company they have built and are building. Over the last few months they have been recognized by Fortune magazine as a great place to work and received multiple awards from comparatively including best culture and the best company for diversity. We are committed to building an inclusive company and environment that fosters innovation, celebrates each of our unique perspectives and creates a culture of belonging. So thank you to our entire team for all they did over the past year to support each other and our students, and it’s not been easy and they’ve been great. Thank you to all the customers around the world that continue to turn to Chegg to be a part of their learning journey. And thank you to all of you on the call. Those of you who may have been -- who may have just joined us on this journey and those who have been on the journey with us for many years, we are excited for all that is ahead and look forward to talking to you again next quarter and we’re really grateful for your continued interest in the company. So thank you and stay healthy.

This concludes today’s conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.