[Call Starts Abruptly] Netherlands is ASML’s CEO, Peter Wennink; and our CFO, Roger Dassen. The subject of today's call is ASML's 2019 third quarter results. The length of this call will be 60 minutes and questions will be taken in the order that they are received. This call is also being broadcast live over the Internet at asml.com. A transcript of management’s opening remarks and a replay of the call will be available on our website shortly following the conclusion of this call. Before we begin, I’d like to caution listeners that comments made by management during this conference call will include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Federal Securities Laws. These forward-looking statements involve material risks and uncertainties. For a discussion of risk factors, I encourage you to review the Safe Harbor statement contained in today’s press release and presentation found on our website at asml.com, and in ASML’s Annual Report on Form 20-F and other documents as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. With that, I would like to turn the call over to Peter Wennink for a brief introduction.

Thank you, Skip. Welcome, everyone. Thank you for joining us for our third quarter 2019 results conference call. Before we begin the question-and-answer session, Roger and I would like to provide an overview and some commentary on the third quarter, as well as provide our view of the coming quarters. Roger will start with a review of our third quarter financial performance with added comments on our short-term outlook. And I will complete the introduction with some additional comments on the current business environment and on our future business outlook. So, Roger, if you want.

Thank you, Peter. Welcome, everyone. I will first highlight some of the third quarter accomplishments and then provide our guidance for the fourth quarter of 2019. Q3 net sales came in at €3 billion, as guided. Net system sales of €2.3 billion was heavily weighted towards Logic at 79%, with the remaining 21% from Memory, clearly showing the current strength of Logic business and the digestion mode of Memory business. We reported EUV system sales of €743 million from 7 shipments as guided. Installed Base Management sales for the quarter came in at €661 million, which was a bit lower than guided, we expect this will be captured in a higher Q4 Installed Base sales. Gross margin for the quarter was 43.7%, nicely within the range we guided. Overall R&D and SG&A expenses came in as guided, with R&D expenses at €493 million and SG&A expenses at €129 million. Turning to the balance sheet. €154 million worth of shares were repurchased in Q3. We ended last quarter with cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at a level of €2.1 billion. Moving to the order book. Q3 system bookings came in at a record €5.1 billion, mainly driven by EUV, where we received 23 new orders in the quarter both from Logic and Memory customers. Logic order intake was 73% of the total value with the remaining 27% from Memory, again reflecting the strong Logic demand. Net income in Q3 was €627 million, representing 21% of net sales and resulting in an EPS of €1.49. With that I would like to turn to our expectations for the fourth quarter of 2019. We expect Q4 total net sales of around €3.9 billion, which would represent another record year with approximately €11.7 billion of sales. Our total net sales forecast for Q4 includes…

Thank you, Roger. As Roger has highlighted, it was a good quarter and provided another clear signal on the increasing customer confidence in EUV technology, as witnessed by the strong EUV order volume for both Logic and Memory manufacturing. We expect a very strong fourth quarter in both sales and profitability, again driven by Logic demand for both EUV and Deep UV. And this further confirms 2019 to be a Logic driven year, as we indicated at the start of the year, fueled by end market applications requiring high performance compute, such as 5G and AI, which drives demand for leading edge Logic. This in turn translates to demand for both EUV and Deep UV in support of the most advanced nodes as customers accelerate their ramp plans for 7-nanometer and beyond. In Memory, the market continues to digest inventory in the supply chain and operate with reduced wafer output as they work to reach a more normalized supply demand balance. And this translates into a weak demand from our Memory customers and we see a significant reduction in our Memory business this year as indicated in earlier conference calls. We expect this weaker demand environment to continue through Q4 of this year whereby the timing of the recovery still remains uncertain. We continue to expect low single digit percentage increase in our Installed Base sales this year. Let me now turn to the ASML product side and update you on our EUV business. In EUV, customers continue to ramp this technology in volume manufacturing and have publicly announced some of their first EUV manufactured devices. We continue to make solid progress and shipped our first NXE:3400C systems this quarter for use in volume manufacturing. The NXE:3400C will deliver an increase in productivity of over 35% which will provide significant…

The operator will instruct you momentarily on the protocol for the Q&A session. Beforehand, I would like to ask you that you kindly limit yourself to one question with one short follow-up, if necessary. This will allow us to get to as many callers as possible. Now, operator, could we have your final instructions and then the first question, please?

Thank you. At this time, we will begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] The first question comes from Mr. Joe Quatrochi, Wells Fargo. Go ahead, please.

Wondering if you could help us with your 2020 EUV guide. The 35 systems that you are shipping, correct me, I think, I heard you correctly that those include the four tools that have slipped from 2019. I was wondering if you could help us understand how do we think about the EUV revenue relative to your expectations in 2020.

Sure, Joe. So, you're right. The 35 systems for 2020, they do include the four that slipped from 2019 into 2020. The systems that we're looking at for 2020 will be 3400C systems and importantly they will be 3400C systems in final configuration, which is important. And therefore, the average sales price of those systems will reflect about 30% increase over the 3400B system. So, that's the way to calculate the revenue for 2020.

Okay. That's helpful. And then, just as a follow-up. Those systems being the full 3400C systems have an impact on the number of systems that ultimately you plan to ship in 2020, I guess just given the higher throughput?

No. The calculation of 35 is reflective of the total throughput that the 3400C in final configuration will bring.

Okay. Thank you.

Next question is from Mr. David Mulholland. Please state your company name followed by a question.

Hi. It's David Mulholland from UBS. Just following up on that planning for next year, because obviously previously we’ve been talking about it anywhere between 30 and 35 systems to ship next year. Obviously in theory could then have become 39-unit capacity for next year at the high end. Do you still have optionality to do that into next year? And then, just as a follow-up on HMI, I'm just wondering if you can give us an update on where we are with the progress on that, because the revenue run rate’s still been quite low in the last few quarters compared to what your aspirations were when you closed the deal. So, it would be helpful just to get some thoughts on what progress we're seeing on that business into 2020.

Okay. Thank you, David. On the 30 to 35 systems, that's what we said before, and indeed you are correct. And as Roger mentioned, we have four systems that we planned to ship in 2019 moving to 2020, so we put them on top. But, as you also know that in 2019, we were backend loaded this year. So, we already said that at the beginning of the year. And with the introduction of the C, we experienced a few weeks delay on certain modules that are part of the final configuration of the C. So, that's why it moved into 2020. So just to be on the safe side, we could argue without the four systems that moved from 2019 to 2020, we are on the lower side of this 30 to 35 range, and that is correct. So plus for that -- that's why we say 31 plus 4 is about 35 systems. Does that mean that we don't have more capability? No, we do have more capability. But, I think, we just are more on the conservative side, also given what happened this year backend loaded. That could mean that we always have a risk of moving some systems into 2021. So, you should look at it in this context. Now, on HMI. As you know, HMI shipments were largely focused on the Memory business as voltage contrast applications in the 3D NAND space. That of course has been lackluster as we all know and especially for 2019. So, yes, that recovery of that sales number will of course happen when the Memory market and especially the 3D NAND market, comes back.

How do you feel on the actual technology progress as multi-beam and kind of the big steps that you are hoping to see in the business?

Yes. I think, we are -- the first pilot system we’ll ship early Q1 of next year, and that means that -- and as I mentioned on earlier calls, we had a six to nine-month delay on the program as compared to the timing that we discussed with you at the time of the acquisition that had to do with the fact that we -- that we focused on partnering up with one of our key suppliers for the optics. Now, for well known reasons and good reasons that particular participation of that partner could not happen and that actually meant we had to do it ourselves, which created six to nine-month delay. So, that means that the first pilot systems are going out in Q1 next year, which you have to add about a year before you go into HVM. So, the entire multi-beam HVM ramp will be about 12 months that will later move into 2021.

Next question is from Mr. Mehdi Hosseini. Please state your company followed by your question.

Yes. Thank you. Just a follow-up, Peter, to the last question. Would it be fair to say that as you ship these first multi-beam E-beam systems early next year, you gain more momentum? Then, by the time you have your next capital markets day, you would be able to discuss more how Holistic lithography part of this story is going to be still? And I'm asking you this because E-beam was supposed to be part of it. It was delayed, and now it's back on track. And I think now that the EUV is in high volume manufacturing, it will be great to get update on how Holistic and part of it how multi-beam E-beam inspection going to play throughout 2020? And I have a short follow-up.

Well, in 2020, if you refer to my answer to the last question, I think in 2020, we're going to ship pilot systems, I think the HVM will be in 2021. So, I don’t think that is a major issue for 2020. I think, when you reference to a capital markets today of next year, which of course we’ll talk about a bit later, but that we have one, we will talk about the Holistic strategy of the Company as an integral part of our entire product strategy. And it will be a growth area. But, you say, EUV being there, yes it is ramping in HVM in 2020, defiantly, but it’s just the beginning. I mean, the growth of the Company does not depend on the growth in our Holistic business. That’s going to be an integral part of our growth profile. EUV as you may remember from the previous analysts, it’s the significant part of our business by 2025 with significant growth profile. So, I think, it is both, Holistic, applications. And you need to remember, our Holistic strategic is a combination of our application business, our EUV and Deep UV business. So, I think, all will contribute to the growth profile of the Company and specifically to multi-beam, which is first pilot shipments in 2020 and HVM after that in 2020.

Great. And then, a follow-up to your comment from last earnings conference call, you talked about $1 billion of investment. You referred to that as strategic investment from China and EUV insertion for DRAM. How do you see the $1 billion, which you characterized as having very minimum downside risk, trending into 2020?

Well, nothing changed in my mind. Absent any major geopolitical movements, the plans are still there. Chinese customers are taking the tools and they are more or less ramping according to plan. So, it also means that their expansion plans for 2020 and beyond remain very much intact.

Perhaps where does the $1 billion go? How do you see that growth trending?

You mean, beyond 2019 into 2020 and beyond?

Yes.

Yes. I think, the medium-term trend that is -- and it could be -- it all depends on how the event profiles of those customers really look like. But if you look at it over a let’s say two, three-year period, that’s going to be at least at that level. Now, it could be one year, could be little bit more, one year, could be a little bit less, but at least at that level. And I think medium term, if you follow the roadmaps of our customers, their investment plans, it will grow.

Next question is from Mr. Krish Sankar. Please state your company name followed by a question.

Yes. Hi. It’s Cowen & Co. Thanks for taking the question. I have two of them. First one for Peter or Roger. When I look at your Memory shipment last quarter, it’s almost at a three-year low. But you have pretty high bookings run rate. Is that a way to split out the Memory bookings by EUV and non-EUV? And along the same path, Peter, at some point next year, if and when Memory recovers, do you think it’s going to be NAND or DRAM which would drive the recovery? And then, I also have a follow-up.

Well, I think, on the bookings side, it’s predominantly EUV. So, the non-EUV bookings are really light. So, it’s -- like I said, it is predominantly EUV. And then, it’s a strategic investment. Like I said, it's 1Z and 1A preparations. Whether NAND or DRAM is going to recover? You tail me. Now, what we really need to watch and has always been the case is the pricing levels, what is the pricing trend, when the pricing trend turns for both, we just need to see how sustainable it is. So, you really need to -- you cannot judge this from one or two weeks. We have to look at it from a little bit longer period, and then look at that trend. And then, you need to remember, when that trend turns that our memory customers still have some idle capacity that they are going to use first, before they start to add more wafer fab equipment. And so, this is a general trend, both true for NAND and for DRAM. So, I would advise all of us to just keep looking at the pricing trends.

Got it. Got it. That's very helpful, Peter. And then, just as a follow-up for Roger. I don't want to split hairs on the EUV units for next year, but I think that it's 32 or 35 or higher, how do we think about the gross margin for EUV? Does it still, like fit in with your prior plan that you're going to have a 40% exit for next year for EUV gross margin?

Yes. I think that's right. For next year, we are looking at 40% plus gross margin for EUV systems. That's still the plan, not just to exit the year but in fact for the full year.

Thank you.

Next question is from Mr. Achal Sultania. Please state your company name followed by a question.

Hi. Good afternoon. It’s Achal from Credit Suisse. Maybe a question again on margins on EUV. Like obviously, Roger you're saying, it’s 40% or north of 40% for full of 2020. Like, just looking at a long-term view, your DUV margins are much higher, probably 50, even higher than 50. What's the -- is there any specific reason why EUV shouldn't go up towards DUV levels, not in the next one or two years, but let's say over the next three to five years? Can it actually happen or there is some structural issues which prevent EUV margins reaching those levels?

I would agree that is definitely our ambition and more than our ambition, that is our plan to get EUV to not just to I would say the overall gross margin that we see for Deep UV but to get EUV to the margin level where we currently have Immersion which is our leading lithography tool in terms of the gross margin. That is the ambition and we have the plans to get there. And that will of course fully depend on the value that we bring to our customers. But we are confident that with the roadmap that we have in front of us that we are going to get there. So, that is what we are driving on the system side. And then, the other dimension that we are driving is EUV service, which obviously this year has a gross margin that we talked about, which is not favorable. But, we do have plans in place in the next couple years to get also the EUV service margin to a level that will significantly contribute to [Technical Difficulty] I think, there is a bit of a background noise that might be confusing.

I think, it’s from the line of Mr. Sultania.

Yes. Can you hear me now?

Yes.

Yes.

Yes. Thanks, Roger. And then, maybe just a follow-up on the DRAM market. Obviously, we’ve now see one of your customers starting to use EUV for 1Z and 1 alpha ramp. Like, how are the talks going on with other DRAM customers? Is it still early days to figure out what their ambitions are or are you making decent progress with the other two lead customers? Thank you.

Yes. I think, there's no doubt in my mind that all the DRAM customers are going to use EUV. Now, the question is different customers have different roadmaps and different times when roadmaps will lead to insertion of EUV. Clearly, there's a major customer that has started to do that which means that the others will follow. But they’ll follow in different time schedules; one is much closer than the other. That's the way that I would like to explain it.

Okay. Thank you, Peter.

Next question is from Mr. Sandeep Deshpande. Please state your company name followed by a question.

Yes. Hi. Thanks. Peter, can I understand, in terms of what development needs to happen in terms of manufacturing to ramp up your capacity in EUV, now that for 2020 you have on the book more orders than you have capacity, what do you need to do to ramp up your capacity? And then, secondly, with regards to memory usage of -- or DRAM usage of EUV, how the progress is on that front and how you see that ramping up? Are we seeing the TSMC started it but then, next year, it does seem to be very, very strong Logic orders? So, do you expect that Memory will follow in that sort of way when Memory adopts EUV?

Yes. To answer your last question, I think Memory will follow. But, I think that the insertion timing of EUV for Logic customers is much closer to each other, where you could say the difference of insertion is a year, year and a half max. Whereby I think with DRAM, it could be bit longer. So, I think, yes, you will see this trend but it will be -- but it will definitely be, let’s say, more spread out over time, where I -- just like I said on the answer of the previous call -- of the previous question that one of those other memory makers or DRAM makers is closer to the leader and other one is following at more distance. So, it will take more time before all players in the DRAM markets our EUV users as opposed to the logic market where it all happens within let's say a 12-month timeframe. So, all the manufacturing capacity, what needs to happen? I don't think -- our current plan is that with the focus of cycle time reduction, that's what it is, we can probably push our capacity in the supply chain and ASML to launch UV systems. Now, I'm not going to say that that's going to be there next year. But, next year, we'll be over 40. Our final plan is that with the cycle time reduction and production efficiencies, we should be able to push with the current square meters that we have and absent few more people that we can push it to 50 units.

Thank you.

Next question is from Adithya Metuku. Please state your company name followed by your question.

Yes. It's Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Just two. First question is really on the EUV gross profit margin in the quarter. I just wondered if you could give us some color on what the margin was in 3Q and what you expect us to do into 4Q. And then, just any color on the ramp into 2020 as well. I know you've given the number for the full year, but any -- how should we think by the cadence? And my follow-up is on the CapEx. You previously said that annualizing the 1Q number would be a good proxy for CapEx for this year. Is that still true, and how should we think about that into next year? Thank you.

So, on the gross margin for EUV in Q3, I think, we said that for the full year, you would look at the full year around 30%. For Q3, you're looking at slightly under 30%. For Q4, you're looking at a slightly over 30%. That's the way to look at it. Again, we should bear in mind that in Q4, we don't get the full benefit of the pricing of the 3400C because of what we discussed earlier on, which is that that they are not yet in final configuration. So, you will see for 2020 that there is more potential there. And that added to what Peter was discussing, which is a reduction of cycle time, all those are the factors that will ultimately drive EUV system sales to the 40% and above that that we discussed earlier on. In terms of CapEx, I think, the CapEx number that you that you've seen for the first quarter, I think, you will see a slight increase in that for the fourth quarter. And so for the full year, you're going to see approximately $800 million to $900 million of CapEx for the next -- for one or two years thereafter, you might see similar levels of CapEx because as we have pointed out before, we are at a point where we are really accelerating the development of our high-North America. And of course that will lead to building of clean rooms, it will lead to significant investments that we're making together with [indiscernible]. We're building a logistics center. So, we have -- we're really preparing for the further ramp of both low-NA EUV but also for high-NA. So, we will see that's for let's say another two years. And then, gradually, you will see that the CapEx levels as a percentage of sales will develop to the kind of 3% that we've modeled for 2025. So, I think that's the way to look at it. So, a few years of significant investments and then getting to a more steady state, the 3% that we’ve indicated for 2025.

Next question is for Mr. Robert Sanders. Please state your company name followed by your question.

Yes. Hi. Deutsche Bank. Yes. I just had a question on the EUV sales in 2020. How are you thinking about year-on-year growth rate in 2020 given the kind of ongoing uncertainty in Memory and the substitution of Immersion for EUV at your Logic customers?

I think that substitution has happened with the intake of the orders, but that’s all planned. So, that was not a big surprise. And I think on the Deep UV sales has always -- it will not be driven by Logic, because Logic is pretty strong, Deep UV sales and the trend of Deep UV sales will be driven by the timing of the recovery of the Memory market. So, I think, what we will see in the Deep UV sales is -- it will happen. I'm pretty confident that the Memory rebound will happen in 2020, it’s just a matter of when. But if that's the case, then I would see improvement of the Deep UV sales profile throughout 2020. To what level, really depends on the timing of the recovery.

Got it. And just one follow-up for Roger. What is the actual gross margin you're going to be getting on the per wafer services model for EUV when those two get in production? I mean, excluding any pro bono stuff you are doing for early stage customers, I mean, just the per wafer margin on the services revenue, the 5 million to 6 million plateau?

Well, we're looking at for the end of 2020. We're looking at breaking even on the gross margin for EUV services. As you know and as we talked about before, this year we have a mismatch because on the one hand we have significant costs of helping our customers, prepare for high-volume manufacturing, whereas the service revenue is based on wafer outputs, which of course is only kicking in gradually this quarter and last quarter at a very low pace. Of course, that will rebalance itself in the course of 2020. So, at that stage, we will get an imbalance. And then, from 2021 onwards, we will see a significant positive development in the gross margin development of EUV service sales.

Next question is from Mr. Pierre Ferragu. Please state your company name followed by your question.

Hey. Thank you. It’s Pierre, New Street Research. So, I do like to maybe check with you where we stand in the ramp of EUV in Logic in terms of penetration in the node that are rolling out, being ramped up now and the next generation that is going to be ramping up maybe in one or two years from now. And my question is, if you sell like X number of tools or you know X number of layers in the 7-nanometer, --plus node, what kind of number of tools or what kind of number of layers should we expect in the next generation like the 5-nanometer type node?

When you look at the 7-nanometer node, I mean we said this before, on average that’s about 10 layers. That’s all on average. And with different customers we have different layers. But, the average, if you take 10 we are probably right. When you go to the next node, which will be 5-nanometer node, you should look at doubling it. So, this is about the main rule that you can use. But again, it depends on the customer architecture, some could be a bit lower, other could be a bit higher. But, if you take 10 and then double it to 20, you are probably on the safe side.

Okay, great. Thank you. And then, if you think about it in terms of how you transform -- translate that into outlook revenue for yourself, then, we need to take into the improvement of productivity and tools and then increase in prices. But is that safe to assume that very roughly the revenue you get, let's say on the per layer basis, very, very rough is about the same between the first 10 layers and the next 10 layers, when you’re producing 5-nanometer or would you have like an increase in the value per layer for you?

Yes. I think, it is not simply a function of volume, it is also a function of the value. So, when we look at our roadmap there, roadmap is really driven by the productivity of our tools. And we are still focusing on improving the next generation points you see in NA EUV tools in terms of productivity. So, that will be a higher value. But also, it’s not only that, it is also the more stringent and more -- I’d say more aggressive on product overlay numbers that are also going to provide a little value to our customers. So, it is a combination of those two. So, the growth of the sales, it will not only be a function of the volume but definitely also volume times the value increase. And the value increase will be driven by the things I just said; it’s productivity and overlay.

And typically just a way to look at it, if you want to model it, at the current technology and the current throughput numbers that we have, typically one layer translates for 45K wafer start translates into one tool. That's the way to look at it. But, then, exactly as Peter said, to the extent that you get throughput improvements, then obviously you need to do the math, how that translates into a reduction of that.

And you have to realize, it’s all about cost. So, if you have a machine that has a higher throughput and that throughput is recognized by the customer, that also means that the breakeven point between the multiple patterning layer and then re-layer comes closer and closer. So, you will see with higher productivity, higher uptime, the better non-maturity of the tool, the better overlay. It will all drive to just basically transfer multiple patterning layers into EUV. That's also a thing to consider. And that's something we will figure out in the two to three years.

Okay, very clear. Thank you so much.

Next question is from Mr. C.J. Muse. Please state your company name followed by a question.

Yes. Thanks for taking the question. C.J. with Evercore ISI. I guess, first question, if I go back to your commentary in early September around Memory, you were talking about an increase in utilization and giving some comfort to a recovery, whereas I think the language here seems a little bit more, I don't know, conservative. So, I guess, would love to hear if anything has changed in your Memory outlook over the last month or two. And then, as you think about a recovery into 2020, if you could parse how you’re thinking about NAND versus DRAM, given that your intensity on the NAND side is so much less than the DRAM side?

Yes. I think, you're absolutely right on the last point. I mean, it depends -- and I think it was an earlier question, what do we think is going to rebound first, NAND or DRAM. And I answered that by saying, we don't know. But, it’s true, if NAND ramps first, the litho intensity in NAND is lower than in DRAM. At the other hand, it is very difficult to predict which one will go first. On the increase in utilization, we have actually said, in terms of the utilization what we have seen is that the utilization numbers have stabilized, and it’s just a matter of to see how DRAM pricing will recover, how inventories that are whether in the chain -- how inventories will be eaten up and will be absorbed over what time period, then consumers will start to utilize the tools even at the higher level before they start putting in orders for the wafer fab equipment. I think, it's the utilization leveling that we've seen which is always good, and we’ve talked about it that context. But then, it doesn't tell you anything about the end market yet. So, that is a matter of people buying more bits. And with reference to what I said earlier, in our 2020 model, which was the scenario modeling that we did, we assumed for 2020, a 20% bit growth in DRAM and a 40% in NAND. This is not where we are today. Now, that doesn't tell us anything about next year because it could change, and it probably will and it very likely will. But, to what extent will it then grow in 2020, that's something we just have to wait and see. And like I said, I would suggest, we all look at the pricing levels of those devices and take that as an early indicator of what's going to happen.

That's very helpful. My follow-up, you talked about not achieving your target at least on the near term buyback plan. I guess, is the reasoning there that investing in high-NA and multi-beam, and that's reason why for the push? And then, as a follow-up to that, your target model for 2020 was 410 million shares and we're sitting here today at 422 million. Do you think the buybacks that you have planned into 2020 can get us to that target model level? Thank you.

So, C.J., a couple of reasons for the share buyback program and the delay in execution thereof, if you like. So, one we should not forget that we also introduced an interim dividend. And of course, we can only distribute the euros once. Right? So, that is one key element. You're right, CapEx, and we talked about CapEx is significant. So, that's another driver. And also, the further ramping of EUV and also the fact that that was pretty back-loaded this year in terms of sales. I mean, all of that contributes to a free cash flow pattern this year, which is a bit of an anomaly. And that's -- so that combined with the interim dividend, I think that's created a circumstance that we just described. Tempting, what you do, to ask us to make any projections on the share buyback program in 2020, we're going to do that in 2020. And in 2020, we'll announce what the share buyback program will look like at that point.

Thank you.

Next question is from Mr. Andrew Gardiner. Please state your company name followed by the question.

Thank you. It's Andrew Gardiner from Barclays. A bit of a -- if I could start with a follow-up actually to one of the earlier questions on layer count. Peter, in your prepared comments as well, you sort of referenced the performance of the 3400C and sort of talked about customers being -- sort of having greater conviction in the tools operation and therefore layer count going up. So, when you talk about 10 layers on average at 7-nanometer doubling to 20 at 5-nanometer, that has been a moving target higher, 7-nanometer is relatively fixed at this point. But as we look at the 5-nanometer, is there still the opportunity for that to go higher? What are you hearing from the customers in terms of those plans?

Yes. I think, it's a good question. Of course, our planning of the number of layers that will use EUV is also based on the assumption that we share with our customers or customers share with us. And you should not forget, there's always a level of conservatism in there. You have to -- when you have a tool, let's say two years back, and we talked about layers of 7-nanometer. And of course, they looked at those layers as the absolute necessary layers that needed EUV. And over time, when we got more confidence, customers got more confidence on EUV, as a production technology, layer count went up, it gradually went up. And that’s logical because you get more confidence and that means your level of risk taking is also different, which I think will also be true for 5. When you go to 5-nanometer, and we will execute on our productivity improvement plans, we will execute on our uptime plans, we will execute on the plans that we have for the improvement along product overlay. When you look at that, and we do this and customer will gain more confidence over time, and obviously in 2020 on the use of EUV in high volume, production, and we execute our plans. I see a trend similar to what we saw on the 7-nanometer is that the number of layers might go up. And that would be quite logical but it is all matter of cost. So, yes, there is definitely a fair opportunity.

Okay. Thank you. And, Roger, if I could follow-up just on OpEx. It's been creeping higher through the course of the year for a number of reasons. But, we still got those 2020 targets that you set out around this time last year, and it’s looking increasingly harder with each passing quarter to get to in particular on the R&D side, so the 14% of sales number. Can you just give us a better sense as to how we should be thinking about your OpEx trends into next year relative to them? Thank you.

Sure. So on the SG&A side, I think, the 4% that we've modeled, I think, that's still what we're targeting for. So, I think that's probably still the right the right number to go for. In terms of R&D, I guess, the way to look at it is, this year, we're probably going to end approximately $2 billion. That's the R&D number that we're looking at for this year. I think, if we look at the capacity that we have today, after the significant increase in capacity in terms of number of people that we have in the R&D department, I think, we're now at a stage where we say that's the right capacity to have for -- at least for the near term development plans that we have. We talked about the acceleration for low-NA, we talked about high-NA, we talked about multi-beam, we talked to you before about for instance the people that we hired as a result of the Mapper transaction for multi-beam. So, I think at this stage, we're comfortable with the people that we have. So, for the foreseeable future, I think, what you're looking at is that the capacity is okay and therefore for the years to come, you will primarily see an increase that is, let's call it inflation related. But, the capacity that we have today, we think will do it for the foreseeable future.

Next question is from Mr. Aleksander Peterc. Go ahead please.

Yes. Hi. This is Alex Peterc from SocGen. Just a few follow-up questions. Could you be more specific on what the [indiscernible] final configuration of C machines that you're currently shipping means exactly in terms of throughput? And I suppose there will be later upgrade within the sort of payment from customers. That’s the first one. And the second question is really more on the DRAM layer side. I understand that in 1Z there is only one EUV layer for now being planned. But, I guess, the 1 alpha generation will be more fruitful for you. So, how many layers do you plan for the next generation DRAM?

On the throughput for the 3400C, as we said before, full the machine it’s 170 than the throughput, which again is more than 30% uptick from the 125 that we had on the on the B machines. The changes that we're going to make to the machines that are out in the field now both for this quarter and for next quarter, in essence are not really related to throughput, they are more related on the availability of the tools. So, because it's all related primarily to the modular vessel, and that is not so much a factor, if you like, in throughput; it’s a factor in the availability. Now, we expect that that will be done next year. In terms of upgrades for the 3400B machines, we do have a number of upgrades available for 3400Bs. Do not exactly get into the same throughput like 3400C because that would mean swapping of LANs, which would make economic sense. But we do have a number of upgrades available to customers that they can chose from that would substantially drive up the performance of a 3400B machine.

20%?

Yes, about 20%. Yes. And on the DRAM layer count, yes, I mean, on 1Z it’s one layer; on 1 alpha, also what is true for Logic is also true for DRAM. And I think, its throughput amazing. DRAM is more cost sensitive in a sense. So, higher throughput, the more attractive, it could be to replace it, multiple patterning layers with EUV. So, that is one thing. At the other hand, you have also what we're seeing is that device performance in DRAM is also very much favorable when it comes to critical layers EUV. So, now, 1 alpha is not in HVM yet, as you know. So, it’s still in, you could say, still in the development phase. But currently, we are looking at 3 to 4 layers. So, I mean, we’ve been surprised, getting some feedback the reasons why customers want to move with DRAM in -- sorry, with EUV in DRAM. And one of the reasons is not so much current productivity but it is the device performance that you get when you use EUV as compared to Deep UV. So currently, three to four layers but like I said, it’s in the development stage. So, we don’t know what is still in there when we really get to maturity level. So, let's wait and see. But, I think that would be a safe bet.

We have time for one last question. So, if you were unable to get through on this call and still have questions, please feel free to contact ASML Investor Relations department. Now, operator, may we have the last caller, please?

The last question is from Mr. Amit Harchandani. Please state your company name followed by your question.

Thank you. Good afternoon all. Amit Harchandani from Citi, and thanks for letting me on. Two questions, if I may. Firstly, maybe for Roger. When we look at -- you touched upon the free cash flow development earlier, and when we look at the change in assets and liabilities over the first nine months, it does seem significantly more negative than previous year. I would assume that’s to do with the EUV ramp. But, could you give us a sense for how you think free cash flow development might shape up going into next year? Any thoughts in terms of how we should model that would be appreciated. And secondly, if I may, going back to the 23 orders, just wanted to understand the thought process in terms of customer discussions, clearly a large number. Do you think the customer has gone ahead and placed this order because they are worried that EUV is accelerating and they might fall behind in the queue? Do you think it’s a one-off, is it a sign of maturity? Just trying to understand, what's led to the customer go ahead and place such a large order at this stage. Thank you.

Amit, thank you. I'll take the free cash flow question and Peter will take the customer question. So, on the free cash flow, I think it's actually a combination of things. I think, rightfully, you point at the continued EUV ramp, that's definitely the case. I mean, the way EUV is ramping indeed does lead to a free cash flow anomaly, as I call it. So, therefore, you would expect at some stage for that to normalize. And also given where we are today, we are talking to our customers to look at different models and also in terms of prepayment there, and down payments there. So, that's what we're addressing. And I think given the level of maturity that we currently have on the products, I think that is the right way for us to go. Secondly, as we've all seen, this year is very much back-loaded in terms of sales. And obviously that also results in a situation where free cash flow is following an anomalous pattern. So, if both of those issues are addressed, I would expect that next year you are going to see a cash conversion, which is much more natural than what you’ve seen in this year.

Yes. On the question for -- on the customer orders and why so large now, and you mentioned there is fear that they are going to end up in the back of the queue. I think, customers are -- the way that we interact with our customers and the transparency that we give them on our manufacturing capability, on our manufacturing plans, I don't think that gives rise to a lot of fear. It is really driven by the fact that the customers have figured out that in the devices that they want to make, whether 7-nanometer or whether it’s DRAM 1Z products that the performance of EUV layers and the productivity that they can now count on, gives them the confidence that this is the way to go. So, this is the -- the first question that they will internally answer and then will share it with us. And then, they come to next question and say, how much do we need and what is available? And then, of course, it’s always a public knowledge that what our capacity is. It’s -- and EUV is very complex technology and they also know that we're ramping a supply chain that from time-to-time might be a bit late, a couple of weeks late as we have seen at the end of this year. So, this is the order. Why do they come, they come because they know that EUV will provide them with the solutions that they need and is going to provide them significant value. And if you listen to customer statements, you can actually get confirmation of that. And then of course, they come to us and we are very transparent on our capacity and say, fine, if this is the EUV performance, this is our wafer start ramp plan, and this is the number of tools that we need. Yes, you are capacity limited. Let’s put the order in. It's in that order and not the other way around.

That's very helpful, Peter. And thank you, Roger.

Welcome. Now, on behalf of ASML, I'd like to thank you all for joining us today. Operator, if you could formally conclude the call, I'd appreciate it. Thank you. Operator?

This concludes the ASML 2019 third quarter financial results conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.

Thank you.