Arm Holdings plc American Depositary Shares (ARM) Q1 2026 Earnings Report, Transcript and Summary

Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Arm First Quarter Fiscal Year 2026 Webcast and Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your first speaker today, Jeff Kvaal, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you very much, Sharon, and welcome, everyone. This is our first earnings call of fiscal year 2026. On the call today are Rene Haas, Arm's Chief Executive Officer; and Jason Child, Arm's Chief Financial Officer. During the call, Arm will discuss forecasts, targets and other forward-looking information regarding the company and its financial results. While these statements represent our best current judgment about future results and performance, our actual results are subject to many risks and uncertainties that could cause results to differ materially. In addition to any risks that we highlight during this call, important risk factors that may affect our future results and performance are described in our registration statement on Form 20-F filed with the SEC. Arm assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements. We will refer to non-GAAP financial measures during the discussion. Reconciliations of certain of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures can be found in our shareholder letter as can a discussion of certain projected non-GAAP financial measures that we are not able to reconcile without unreasonable effort and supplemental financial information. The shareholder letter and other earnings-related materials are available on our website at investors.arm.com. And with that, I'll turn the call over to Rene. Rene?

Thank you, Jeff, and welcome, everyone. We began fiscal year 2026 with strong momentum, fueled by the insatiable compute demands of AI. From smart centers in homes and factories to the world's most advanced AI supercomputers, AI workloads are being deployed everywhere. This is driving unprecedented demand for compute that's not only performant, but also energy efficient. And Arm is the only compute platform built to deliver AI performance across the full spectrum of power and performance from milliwatts to megawatts. As a result, Q1 was our highest revenue quarter -- second highest revenue quarter at $1.05 billion. Royalty revenue reached $585 million, up 25% year-on-year with strong momentum across all of our end markets. Licensing revenue was $468 million as companies continue to make Arm the AI platform of choice. Custom silicon on Arm is driving unmatched AI scale in the cloud. More than 70,000 enterprises now run AI workloads on Arm Neoverse data center chips, a 40% increase year-on-year and a 14x surge since 2021. Arm Neoverse CPUs now power the most important AI infrastructure in the world, including NVIDIA Grace, AWS Graviton, Google Axion and Microsoft Cobalt, among others. Driven by a performance and efficient compute, for example, NVIDIA Grace Blackwell is 25x more energy efficient than the previous x86-based system. We expect the market share of Arm Neo-based chips to top hyperscalers to reach nearly 50% this year. We are also seeing AI moving to the edge, where the need for local real-time intelligence is enabled by Arm's efficiency and scale. Our compute platform delivers a unique combination of AI performance acceleration and energy efficiency, including the Ethos-U85 NPU for an enhanced image recognition, and our v9 CPUs with a scalable matrix extensions for accelerating language models, which can boost the performance of these models while limiting power and latency overhead. Technology leaders, including Apple, Samsung and MediaTek, are integrating these AI capabilities for faster, more efficient AI on premium smartphones. AI workloads are going local and Arm is making it possible. Our leadership in AI is amplified by our unmatched software developer ecosystem. Over 22 million developers, more than 80% of the global base build on Arm. This ecosystem is a powerful flywheel. More developers means more for software availability, which in turn drives more demand for our compute platform across every market. Our compute subsystems, CSS, are helping customers move faster and the demand has exceeded our expectations. Our first generation of CSS is now in market with 5 customers and is delivering double the royalty of Armv9. We signed 3 additional CSS licenses this quarter with existing CSS customers, including 2 for the data center and 1 for PCs, more than doubling our CSS licenses from a year ago. Recently, Xiaomi launched the XRING O1 and Samsung launched the Galaxy Flip 7 using the Exynos 2500, both based on the latest Arm compute subsystem platform. These subsequent generations of our CSS platforms deliver even greater value functionality and time to market and bring the highest royalty rates we have seen to date. This includes the launch of Zena CSS, a platform optimized for AI-driven automotive workloads like autonomous driving. Also in the quarter, a major smartphone OEM has committed to our GPU platform to accelerate graphics and AI in multiple generations of their flagship smartphones through 2030. Our business relationship with SoftBank has expanded to help them build towards their greater, broader AI vision. We are continuing to explore the possibility of moving beyond our current platform into additional compute to subsystems, chiplets and potentially full-end solutions. To ensure these opportunities are executed successfully, we have accelerated the investment into our R&D. These investments include expanding engineering delivery across multiple levels, adding to the already significant product investments we have made to date. Momentum behind the broad CSS adoption and increased demand for AI compute on Arm are driving a powerful growth trajectory for the company. And with that, I'll hand over to Jason.

Thank you, Rene. We have started fiscal year 2026 with another strong quarter. Total revenue of $1.05 billion was our second successive quarter over $1 billion, our best Q1 ever and above the midpoint of our guidance range. Royalty revenue grew 25% year- on-year to a Q1 record of $585 million. Royalty revenue is growing across all target end markets, including smartphones, data center, automotive and IoT. Smartphones grew an order of magnitude faster than the market given continued uptake of flagship smartphones based on Armv9 and CSS. Licensing and other revenue decreased 1% year-on-year as expected, following a very strong Q1 of FY '25. Rene mentioned our progress with 3 new CSS deals. What is unique about these deals is that we closed on our first 3 opportunities to upgrade existing CSS customers into next-generation platforms. Our next-generation CSS platforms deliver even greater value, functionality and time to market and bring the highest royalty rates we have seen to date. This gives us confidence into further investment in the platform. Also contributing to our license revenue, ACV and RPO growth were a -- was a multigenerational GPU deal with a leading smartphone OEM, and SoftBank expanded its IP licensing and design services agreements with us. Licensing revenue varies quarter-to-quarter due to normal fluctuations in timing and size of multiple high-value license agreements and contributions from backlog. As always, we recommend that you look at annualized contract value, or ACV, to best understand the underlying licensing growth rate. ACV in Q1 was up 28% year-on-year. This is well above the high end of our recent run rate of low teens and our long-term expectation of mid- to high single-digit license growth in part given the new licensing deals I mentioned. We have not changed our long-term view of licensing growth of mid- to high single digits. Remaining performance obligations or RPO was flat sequentially as the new licensing deals offset revenue we recognized from licenses signed in prior quarters. As you know, Arm's revenues today come from technology developed years or even decades ago, and our costs today are investments for future revenue streams. In the first quarter, R&D spending led our non-GAAP operating expenses to $619 million. Operating expenses were slightly lower than expected as the timing of some expenses will now fall into Q2 of fiscal '26. The CSS royalty rate increases that we outlined -- that we've outlined are one example of the return from previous R&D expense. This translated to $412 million of non-GAAP operating profit and non-GAAP EPS of $0.35, which was above the midpoint of our guidance range, inclusive of a $0.01 FX headwind. Let me spend a moment on the current tariff and macro climate. We continue to expect a limited direct impact on our royalty and licensing revenues given current conditions. We have less visibility into the indirect impact on end demand. The continued uncertainty reduces near-term visibility on royalty revenue. In licensing, customers have historically invested through near-term slowdowns given lengthy chip development time lines. Turning now to guidance. Our guidance reflects our current view of our end markets and our licensing pipeline. For Q2, we expect revenue of between $1.01 billion and $1.11 billion. At the midpoint, this represents revenue growth of about 25% year-on-year. We expect both royalties and licensing to be about flat sequentially. Consistent with Q1, we are accelerating investments in our next generation of technologies. We expect our Q2 non-GAAP operating expense to be approximately $655 million. This includes the impact of the Q1 expenses that will now fall into Q2 plus FX. We expect non-GAAP EPS to be in the range of $0.29 to $0.37. We have high confidence in healthy growth in the coming year and in years to come. Our confidence stems from our visibility into customer design pipelines, contracted royalty rates, rising demand for custom silicon and AI from cloud to the edge. We expect to continue pressing our advantage by investing aggressively in R&D to support our customers and partners, capture our opportunities and ensure AI runs on Arm. With that, I'll turn the call back to the operator for the Q&A portion of the call.

[Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of David O'Connor, Exane BNP Paribas.

Rene, you mentioned in your script expanding and moving into full-end solutions. And when we look out there in the market, a lot of reports that Arm is potentially entering into things like the ASIC market with partners, which itself is a lot of execution risk for Arm. And also, question why you guys think you would be successful in such a market when others are struggling. So I guess my question is, is there anything that you can share with us today around kind of Arm's strategy in ASICs moving to these full-end solutions?

Thank you for the question. Yes, you're right. I have nothing to specifically announce today. What can I say, however, further integration has been the direction of travel for our companies. One of the things that we're seeing with newer customers such as CSPs and OEMs and also even traditional customers has asked for a better starting point as they develop their SoCs. And this is largely driven by the complexity of these chips and the time it takes to develop them. This led us to CSS, our compute subsystem, which as I mentioned and Jason mentioned, have been successful beyond our expectations. Many of the chiplets that are being developed are mostly Arm IP, and we already support chiplet development through our Arm Total Design ecosystem. And with that, we're looking now at the viability of moving beyond the current platform to additional subsystems, chiplets or possibly full solutions. Now inside the company, we have either inside or access to all the expertise and technologies we would need to design, implement and have a chiplet, for example, manufacturing. Personally, I appreciate the complexity of this, having lived this in multiple semiconductor companies in my career. And amongst the leadership team, we also have comprehensive experience in this area. So when we look at what's going on inside the market today, both in terms of the direction of travel of delivering complex chips and Arm being the only compute platform that can provide a solution from the smallest devices to the largest data centers, milliwatts to megawatts, we're in a very unique space to provide solutions in a way that no one else can. And as a result, we're looking deeply at those possibilities.

Your next question comes from the line of Vivek Arya from Bank of America.

On the royalty side, it grew 25%. I think last quarter, you had suggested 25% to 30%. So just which end market drove a little bit of that delta versus your expectation? And then I think you had also suggested that royalties could grow 10% to 15% sequentially in Q3 and Q4 also of this year. Is that still kind of the trend line we should be expecting?

Vivek, this is Jason. I'll take that. So on the royalties in the quarter, yes, we came in very close to our forecast within 1% or so. However, I think we talked last quarter about a little bit of a range. And I would say we were in the lower end of that range. And I don't know if I'd say there's weakness, but maybe the growth wasn't quite as strong in the smartphone sector as maybe we had expected. As mentioned in the call, we still grew in order of magnitude faster than the market, but the market was in the low single digits kind of growth rate. And I think that was a little bit slower than folks expected. In terms of the forecast for the rest of the year, I don't expect too much difference. Maybe this kind of smartphone impact we'll have to keep an eye on to see as we go later in the year. But overall, I expect royalties to be pretty close to where we were from the previous quarter.

Your next question comes from the line of Joe Quatrochi from Wells Fargo.

You talked about your Neoverse share top hyperscalers expected to reach nearly 50% this year. Any help in the context of like what that was last year? And how do we think about just the mix of those workloads running internal versus external?

Thank you for the question. I think if we look back to a year ago, one of the significant changes that we've seen has been where our share last year was probably sub 20%, call it, 18% and now we're looking to approach nearly 50%. It's a combination of 2 things. It is what I would call in the general purpose workloads where Arm has been taking share versus conventional x86. This is through Graviton and Google Axion and Microsoft Cobalt, those share gains continue. In addition to that, you also have these AI workloads running specifically for training and/or inference, which in previous generations were on the NVIDIA Hopper generation, which is connected to an external x86, now moving to Grace Blackwell, GB200 and then GB300, which is an integrated Arm design along with NVIDIA Blackwell next-generation GPU. So the combination of the growth in the AI data centers, also the fact that we are going from essentially 0 share with Hopper to almost exclusive share with Blackwell. And then when you combine that with our growth in the conventional data center market, that's what's putting us close to a net 50%.

Your next question comes from the line of Mark Lipacis from Evercore.

I had a question for Jason and maybe a bit of a quick follow-up for Rene. Jason, what -- you mentioned FX was a $0.01 impact to EPS for this quarter. And then you said that the out quarter guidance included the impact of FX, but I don't believe you quantified that. And I was hoping that you could just remind us like what -- spell that out for us. How much is FX expected to impact EPS for next quarter? What's -- remind us your hedging strategy and the rule of thumb of how to think about FX going forward? And then, Rene, if you are -- Neoverse chips are going to get to 50% this year, that suggests 50% share still for x86. What is the reason that customers stay with x86? Does your share asymptote somewhere below 100% at some point in time? Or like how should we think about ultimately where you guys could get?

Thanks, Mark. I'll answer the FX question quickly. So yes, $0.01 impact on the current quarter. We expect approximately $0.01 per quarter impact over the next 3 quarters for the balance of the year. The way our FX strategy works is we basically start on the hedging process at the beginning of the year. Of course, we collect all of our revenue in U.S. dollars. About 2/3 of our OpEx or so is in euro and pounds. And so we basically make estimates on our expenses. In these cases where we're maybe starting to increase some of our OpEx related to some of the opportunities that Rene expected, we have some unhedged portion, and that's why there's maybe a little more impact than what we've seen in the past. But overall, for the full year, thinking something like $0.04 or so.

Yes. And regarding the question in terms of where could the market share go? So I think a couple of things going on make us very, very positive about the share gains continuing beyond 50%. One is the fact that the Arm architecture allows for a high degree of customization and a high degree of unique design capabilities that could be done at the chip level, at the blade level and even at the rack level to greatly not only change the total cost of ownership, but maximize the overall performance because customization is very, very beneficial in those cases. So huge benefit there because of our unique position. And then secondly, as the share gains continue across the AI data center, there are advantages to keeping to a single software stack across a single CPU architecture that simplifies management of the overall software of the data center. So that's another intangible that could help us. So in general, we're very, very pleased about getting to the number that I just described, and we think it can grow beyond that. We have high confidence.

And your next question comes from the line of Andrew Gardiner from Citi.

Jason, I was interested in the points you were making on the significant step-up in ACV in the quarter. You mentioned both the GPU signing as well as additional licensing with SoftBank. Can you give us a sense as to sort of the magnitude between the 2 of those drivers? And in particular, on the GPU side, in the press release, I think you said a major smartphone OEM in your prepared comments, I feel like I had the major OEM. I just wanted to sort of clarify that. Just any color you can provide behind those 2 drivers would be great.

Sure. So first, I would say it's a major OEM. That's what you should take away. In terms of the -- the other question?

ACV.

All right, ACV. So the ACV step-up, again, the 3 big kind of CSS deals, which, as I said in our prepared remarks, were exciting because this is actually the first chance for someone who's used the CSS now to decide if they want to adopt the next generation. And so to sign those deals, we think it is a pretty big deal and a pretty good verification or testimony to the value that CSS is providing. So while that provided incremental -- a significant amount of incremental license revenue, only a portion of that, of course, is booked. So part of it goes in RPO and of course, part of it is booked in the quarter. If you were to just look at all those rest of world deals, that would take ACV up to, call it, 17-ish percent, and then, of course, this large step-up in the relationship with SoftBank and our custom design services relationship and license with them, that's what gets you up to the kind of the 28% level. So kind of, by all dimensions, we've seen an acceleration from both the rest of world -- our customers across all geographies as well as specifically with SoftBank.

Okay. Understood. And just quickly a follow-up on the CSS signings. You mentioned the second generation will generate an even higher royalty rate than the prior one. Can you give us any sense as to the magnitude of that change?

We've said in the past that CSS was roughly -- if you kind of think of -- kind of the best example of, say, flagship or premium mobile, it used to be that a v8 was in the, what, 2.5%, 3% of ASP and then a v9 was at roughly 5%, so it roughly doubled. CSS doubled that to roughly 10%. So the new CSS deals are north of 10%. Too early to say kind of exactly what the percentage is. But I think in the past, when we launched the CSS program, we thought that CSS probably was -- at 10% was getting close to a ceiling. I'd say the good news is we're seeing that it's not the ceiling. So we'll provide more kind of clarity as more deals get signed and as we start to guide to future periods. But make no mistake, this is definitely higher royalty rates than what we had expected and what we had forecasted in the out years. So it's definitely good news.

Your next question comes from the line of Vijay Rakesh from Mizuho.

Rene and Jason, just going back on the same question on the ACV. With the SoftBank expanding the license deal there, can you give us some more color on how that looks? I think this is probably with the Stargate for next year, but -- as you look at that -- as you guys do an accelerator there, is that -- are you going to benefit from the full ASP? Or will it be a licensing deal? Can you give us some color?

Yes. Thanks for the question, Vijay. I'll try to answer your question as simply as possible, although there's some details you asked for that I can't really make a comment on. So at a very high level, Stargate, which is a joint investment venture between SoftBank and OpenAI is looking to scale up to 10 gigawatts over the next number of years in terms of overall investment. That is a lot of compute, and there's a huge potential for lots of different design opportunities. SoftBank has a very broad AI vision. We're looking to help them with that. Again, without mentioning specific products and application spaces, you can imagine in a data center of that size running different workloads around inference training and such, and today, all of the Stargate opportunities use Arm as the core CPU, we have a unique opportunity to provide solutions there. So a lot of that work has now started, but we're not able to give you any specifics in terms of products or time lines.

And then going back on the server side, when you look at the 50% share that you talked about, you obviously have some good -- big customers there between Google and Amazon and obviously, Microsoft. But you also have another CSP that is potentially starting. Do you expect Arm to be in the market with the merchant CPU? Or will it all be kind of licensed platforms that run internally?

Yes. So right now, not able to really say anything regarding your question in terms of us providing a specific product. But the market share gains that we anticipate over time are somewhat independent of that strategy. We feel super confident both in terms of the direction of travel of investment in software that's running on Arm and the road map that we'll be able to provide the product technology in any form to increase market share.

Your next question comes from the line of Krish Sankar from TD Cowen.

This is Steven calling on behalf of Krish. Rene, I had a question for you, kind of big picture. Just over the last couple of weeks, a number of hyperscalers have increased their CapEx targets for this year and also talking about further growth into next year. I'm kind of curious like just for your initial thoughts on the implications for, number one, royalty growth for this year and next year as it pertains to existing Arm processor ASIC type design wins and also looking a little further out for licensing opportunities for further CSS type wins.

Yes. Thank you for the question. I think I would interpret this continued increase in CapEx for all of these AI data centers as only a very strong tailwind for Arm, both on the technology side in terms of the products that we provide and also with the royalty rates associated with it. As Jason mentioned, we're now on to our second generation of CSSs. We talked about CSS as a concept a couple of years ago before we went public, and we're now starting to see the benefits of those hitting our royalties. Over the next number of years, as these newer CSSs with even higher royalty rates hit, we should expect an expansion of the royalty growth on that. Right now, on the overall CapEx side, what we are seeing is still unabated demand for that. And the reason -- one of the broader reasons for this is that AI has one of the unique capabilities that it will touch literally every industry that we know. Over time, there isn't really going to be anything that can't be impacted by it. And it's still very, very early days in terms of how enterprises are broadly using it. So I think you're seeing that in terms of the hyperscalers being very aggressive on the spend. And you're seeing the evolution of the models support that the more compute, the better the models get, the better the models get, there's more need for compute. And I think for us, it's all a good thing because we're at the heart of compute. And also, I think as these models evolve and start to move to different parts of the ecosystem more broadly, those are also domains where Arm is already the platform -- compute platform of choice. So I think it all adds up for good news for us in the long run.

Your next question comes from the line of Sebastien Naji from William Blair.

I just wanted to ask if you could provide any commentary on the Arm China business and in particular, whether some of the loosen GPU export controls we've seen here over the last month could drive a more meaningful contribution from Arm China in the data center versus your prior expectations even 3 months ago?

Yes. One of the things -- thank you for the question. One of the things that we've been pretty consistent on communicating is that for Arm, the China market largely tracks the global market in terms of China really does rely very heavily on the Western ecosystem relative to the software that runs on Arm. So whether it's smartphones or autonomous vehicles or the data center, our traction and momentum in China is quite consistent with the rest of the world. To your direct question on have we seen anything potentially on the new export controls changing anything regarding our business, not really. The specific H20 release doesn't really impact us very much. So I would say on that question, no. But again, more broadly, with Arm China, we continue to see consistent growth there that's aligned with the kind of growth we see across the rest of the world.

This is Jason here. Just to add on. China in Q1 was about 21% of revenue. So it ticked up a little bit from the 15% that it was last quarter and about 14% of where it was a year ago. So the China business is, I would say, strong and continuing to grow nicely.

Your next question comes from the line of Stephane Houri from ODDO BHF.

I have a question about the adoption of Armv9. If you can give us the number where we stand now. Last quarter, I think it was about 30%, if I remember well, where are we standing now?

Thank you, Stephane. Yes, we actually said last quarter, we gave the update for end of year, and it was a little over 30% and that we're now just going to update this on an annual basis. However, still wait until the end of this year is the next time we're going to provide the financial update or the percentage update. But what I can tell you is that royalties did step up from 18% year-on-year growth last quarter to 25% this quarter. So you should assume that B9 and CSS percentage continues to grow nicely.

Yes. The thing I would add on to that is, and one of the reasons why we're not communicating it to the level that we had in the past, it can be a little bit misleading because with version 9, for example, on some of the mobile phone iterations, we're on our fourth generation of v9 implementations delivered. And on each generation, the royalty rate has increased. So when we combine royalty rates increasing from 8 to 9, but more significantly, each generation of v9 is higher than the previous one, and those generations are on a per annum basis or at least the implementations that use them, the royalty rates will continue to grow faster than v9 adoption. So the one-to-one correlation between royalty rate growth and v9 penetration, we want to make sure that we communicate that should be separated out.

Why don't we make the next question the last one.

Your final question for today comes from the line of Lee Simpson from Morgan Stanley.

I'll maybe ask a 2-part question, if I can get away with it. You did call out Ethos and Zena at CSS in the prepared remarks. So I guess with Ethos, first of all, it has a good capability set at the edge, but does it make sense to actually stretch the performance here in time and go beyond that 4 tops level? And where could an MPU like that be applicable long term? I mean could it be used in a cloud environment? Is it applicable as a performance level there in time? And maybe just on Zena, interesting that you've had the first deal done already in CSS. But obviously, it's -- there's a range of opportunities in the car. So I'm just trying to understand, do we think of this as a self-driving opportunity play? Or is this more gen EV and ADAS? And where would the ramp in licensing happen? Would it happen within this year?

Yes. Thanks, Lee, for both questions, giving us a chance to shout out Ethos and Zena here. So Ethos, we haven't announced its future road map, but you can imagine it will be something that can continue to get larger than 4 tops. It's not a data center product. It's not the space to think about it. It's going to be much more in an area where it needs to run off a battery and in some cases, batteries that don't get charged very often. So extremely low-power applications, but also small in terms of physical fit and form factor. I imagine something that could physically be on your body that could be doing AI acceleration. So lots and lots of application spaces for that. So we're very excited about that platform and also more importantly, the long-term potential for it. Zena CSS, and again, thank you for asking about it and also recognizing that already we've got customers signed up for it. The automotive market is one that is an excellent candidate for CSS. The customers in that time frame don't have decades and decades of SoC experience. They benefit greatly from a design that accelerates time to market. They benefit greatly in terms of the work that we do there. There's a lot of growth potential in terms of what we could do with Zena in the automotive sector. The way to think about where it likely lands is in an L2 to L4 ADAS type of application. So working in that control plane in that data plane around everything that has to do with the autonomous section. There is increasingly emerging of the IVI subsystem with the ADAS system. Both have huge amounts of software investment and software stacks that run on Arm. So it was just a natural that we would go with it. We ended up working on it sooner than we thought. As we talked about a few years ago when we kicked off CSS, we were quite purposeful in terms of the markets we entered. This was a market that we were seeing huge benefit for. So we're very happy to have announced it. We're happy to have a lead customer and momentum is very strong there.

And timing of follow-on license deals?

We have a very strong pipeline of deals for that, that we'll be able to share with you when we're able to announce them.

I will now hand the call back to Rene for closing remarks.

Yes. No, thank you for that, and thank you for all the questions. We are at a very unique time in the industry's history. I think we're seeing, obviously, AI being the most transformative technology, innovation and disruption that will impact our lives going forward. AI requires a huge amount of compute whether you're doing that in the cloud, an automobile, smartphone, a PC or even small devices like security cameras or earbuds. ARM is the only company on the planet with a compute platform that can address all that. We're seeing the indicators of that now with Grace Blackwell in the data center and customers using our acceleration capabilities inside of CPU with our SME or Ethos products. We are extremely excited about the future, and it could not be a better time to be working in this industry and the growth trajectory of the company, I think, is unparalleled. Thank you, everyone, for your questions and your interest in Arm.

Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.