Jennifer Moyer
Analyst · Goldman Sachs
Thank you, Steve, for the kind words. I very much enjoyed my 7 years with Alarm.com, and I am proud of what the company has accomplished during that time. While I'm excited about this next chapter of my career, I will miss being a part of what is a very exciting time for Alarm.com. I leave knowing we have a deep bench in financial reporting and compliance as well as a board with substantial public company and financial expertise to guide the company through this transition. With that out of the way, I'll start with a summary of our first quarter results and then provide guidance for the second quarter and full year before opening the call to questions.
Total revenue for the first quarter of 2016 increased 28% over the first quarter of the prior year to $59 million. SaaS and license revenue grew 25% over the same period to $40 million. The vast majority of the growth in SaaS and license revenue was from our core interactive security business, which is comprised of recurring monthly fees paid by service providers for both platform access and for the services they provide to their customers and, to a lesser extent, licenses to our intellectual property paid on a recurring monthly basis. We also saw healthy SaaS revenue growth, albeit off a small base, from nonsecurity markets like energy, HVAC and remote access management. SaaS revenue from these businesses, which we report in our other segment, increased 150% over the same quarter of the prior year. Our SaaS and license revenue visibility remains high, as evidenced by our 94% renewal rate in the first quarter of 2016, up from 92% in the first quarter of 2015. SaaS and license revenue gross margin increased 83% during the first quarter, up 200 basis points over the prior year. This improvement was a benefit of our increased scale.
Hardware and other revenue of $19 million in the first quarter increased 35% year-over-year. This was driven by higher sales volumes in most product categories. Video camera sales across both of our segments as well as total hardware revenue in our other segment increased 60% and 130%, respectively, over the same quarter of the prior year. Hardware and other revenue gross margin increased to 25% during the first quarter as compared to 23% in the first quarter of 2015. This improvement was due to a reduction in the cost of certain SKUs due to increasing sales volumes. As we stated in the past, hardware and other revenue gross margins generally fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on product mix. Our focus remains on growing SaaS and license revenue and increasing market share. We do not manage the business to maximize hardware revenue growth or hardware margin performance.
Total gross margin increased to 64% for the quarter, up from 63% during the same period of the prior year.
Turning to operating expenses. We continue to invest in R&D to give our service providers a growing advantage in the market as well as to support future growth in adjacent areas. We also continue to invest in the sales and support infrastructure necessary to expand our international operations.
Total sales and marketing expenses incurred during the quarter were $9 million, an increase of 13% over the same period of the prior year. This increase was mostly driven by higher headcount to support the growth of our domestic and international businesses. We also increased resources in customer support function to support the growth of our service provider channel and our customer base. Headcount in sales and marketing functions increased to 193 as of March 31, 2016, from 179 at the end of the first quarter of 2015. On a percent of revenue basis, total sales and marketing expenses represented 15% of total revenue in the first quarter of 2016 as compared to 17% in the first quarter of 2015. Looking ahead to the remainder of 2016, we expect sales and marketing expenses to increase on a percent of revenue basis. We plan to continue to add headcount to support our international expansion and other growth initiatives as well as to support our marketing initiatives, such as the Customer Connections program Steve mentioned previously.
General and administrative costs increased 86% to $13.1 million over the same period of the prior year. Excluding $3.5 million of legal expenses related to IP litigation, which we exclude from adjusted EBITDA, G&A expenses were $9.7 million in the first quarter or a 37% increase over Q1 2015. This quarter's G&A costs were impacted by incremental legal cost of approximately $1 million to support our growth in operations as a public company as well as other IP-related matters, including licensing IP from others and filings related to our patent portfolio. G&A was also impacted by the timing of our annual all-company off-site, where our executive team and employees spend a couple of days each year to review our plans and goals for the year. This year, we held the event in January as compared to the third quarter in previous years. Personnel-related expenses increased about $500,000 year-over-year as we continue to add resources to support our growth and build out functional areas related to operating as a public company. Headcount in G&A related functions increased to 59 at the end of the first quarter of 2016, up from 55 as of March 31, 2015. Net of the effective IP litigation expenses, which we exclude from adjusted EBITDA, G&A expense represented 16% of total revenue in the first quarter of 2016, as compared to 15% in the same period of the prior year. Notwithstanding the slight uptick in the first quarter, we expect to realize leverage in G&A expenses, excluding IP litigation costs, over the course of 2016.
R&D expense was $10 million in the first quarter, an increase of 29% over the first quarter of 2015. The increase in R&D expense is almost exclusively related to growth in headcount in our core business. Personnel-related expenses in our core segment increased about $2.5 million over the first quarter of 2015, which was partially offset by a $400,000 reduction in personnel expenses in our other segment as we reallocated certain employees back to our core business. The total number of employees in research and development grew to 267 at the end of the first quarter of 2016 as compared to 203 as of March 31, 2015. R&D cost represented 17% of total revenue in the first quarter of 2016, consistent with the comparable period in the prior year. Looking ahead to the remainder of 2016, we plan to continue to increase our investment in R&D, both in absolute dollars as well as on a percent of revenue basis. We were making these additional investments to deliver on our product road map and enhance our platforms capabilities for both our residential and commercial subscribers as well as for our suite of enterprise tools that help our service provider partners grow their businesses.
Adjusted EBITDA improved to $10.2 million in the first quarter of 2016 as compared to $7 million in the same quarter of the prior year. This 45% increase was largely due to an $8.7 million increase in gross profit in the quarter. We allowed some of the increase in gross profit to fall to the bottom line while continuing to invest for growth, particularly in R&D-related headcount. We added 82 new employees across the entire company over the last 12 months, with about 78% of those new employees hired into R&D function. Our adjusted EBITDA margin was 17% in the first quarter of 2016, as compared to 15% in the first quarter of 2015.
We ended the quarter with cash and cash equivalents of $135.8 million, up from $128.4 million as of December 31, 2015. We generated $6.9 million in cash flow from operations during the quarter versus $3.5 million in the first quarter of 2015. The increase in cash flow was primarily due to fluctuations in working capital, with the largest drivers being an increase in accounts payable due to timing, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable from growth in revenue as well as timing.
Capital expenditures of $2.5 million during the quarter increased from $1 million during the same quarter of 2015. This was largely driven by the build-out of our new office space, which we moved into in late January. We expect full year 2016 capital expenditures to be in the $10 million to $12 million range.
I want to conclude by initiating SaaS and license revenue guidance for the second quarter 2016. Additionally, I will update our guidance for SaaS and license revenue, hardware and other revenue, total revenue, adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP earnings per share for the full year. For the second quarter of 2016, we expect SaaS and license revenue to be in the range of $41.2 million to $41.4 million. For the full year 2016, we are raising our SaaS and license revenue guidance to be in the range of $170 million to $170.5 million as compared to our prior guidance of $169 million to $169.5 million. Total revenue for 2016 is now expected to be in the range of $239 million to $242.5 million, an increase over our previous guidance of $236 million to $239.5 million. Hardware and other revenue is expected to be in the range of $69 million to $72 million, as compared to our prior guidance of $67 million to $70 million. We also now expect full year 2016 adjusted EBITDA to be in the range of $40.4 million to $42.4 million. Non-GAAP adjusted net income for the full year is now projected to be $22.5 million to $23.7 million or $0.47 to $0.49 per diluted share as compared to our prior guidance of $22.2 million to $23.3 million or $0.46 to $0.48 per diluted share. This is based on an estimate of 48.3 million weighted average diluted shares outstanding. Our full year 2016 stock-based compensation expense is expected to be approximately $5 million. We also reiterate our full year tax rate expectations of approximately 37%.
In summary, we are pleased with our first quarter results and continue to have a positive outlook for the rest of 2016 that is driven by ongoing strength in our core business as well as encouraging progress in our international and other initiatives.
We will now turn the call over to the operator for Q&A.