Thank you, Andy.
We had a very busy fourth quarter. We completed our business combination with TPG Holdings and continue the integration of Grand River Jackpot. As of December 31, we operated 10,499 VGTs in 2,312 locations. This is the first quarter in which Grand River locations are in our results for the full quarter. Our combined hold per day for the fourth quarter of 2019 was $122. Excluding Grand River, our fourth quarter 2019 hold per day was $131, a 3% year-over-year increase over the fourth quarter of 2018. At the end of 2019, our average residual contract length is approximately 6.9 years. And on a stand-alone basis excluding Grand River, our residual contract length is approximately 7.2 years. We are now in the process of upgrading Grand River's equipment and operations. And as a result, their hold per day should increase. Also, as we renew their contracts and extend their life, our blended contract length will improve as well.
We had total revenue for 2019 of $424 million, an increase of 28% from 2018; and adjusted EBITDA of $80 million, which represents a 25% increase from 2018. Both of these figures only include approximately 1 quarter of contribution from Grand River.
We had total revenue for the fourth quarter 2019 of $121 million, which is an increase of 33% from the same period in 2018; and adjusted EBITDA of $21 million, an increase of 23% from the same period in 2018. We were able to partially offset the recent 3% Illinois gaming tax increase, which is 1.5% tax increase to Accel, with solid operating leverage at the G&A level. As a reminder, as part of the recent Illinois gaming legislation, the tax increase went in effect on July 1. But for the 2019 year, the corresponding revenue enhancers, which are the sixth VGT and increased bet limits, had yet to provide meaningful revenue as the Illinois Gaming Board just recently finalized the implementation rules.
CapEx remains [ low with ] approximately $21 million cash spend in 2019 compared to $23 million in 2018, a testament that the company requires limited amount of capital and deliver strong ROICs. It's a $21 million -- this $21 million was significantly below our previous guidance of $40 million as some deliveries were pushed from Q4 2019 into 2020.
As of year-end 2019, we had approximately $194 million of net debt. This strong financial position will allow us to pursue both organic and inorganic investment opportunities.
Moving on to 2020. The Illinois Gaming Board has given the green light to start installing sixth VGTs. We have started the full-scale deployment of sixth machines and currently have more than 400 machines that have been activated since mid-January. We are targeting over 1,000 machines installed by the end of Q3 2020.
We're also working with the VGT manufacturers to be able to deploy new software with the higher bet limits, and they have completed a pilot software upgrade program. The manufacturers are testing software for about 45% of our installed base. And we expect that to be ready for rollout in Q2 2020. These upgrades can be completed remotely, so we expect to be able to push that out quickly. The other 55% of our installed base will need to be upgraded manually with physical site visits, which will be completed by end of Q3 2020.
As everyone is aware, the coronavirus is going to be a major element of disruption in the near term. We think our business should be more resilient to temporary reductions in activity given we offer a hyper-local and intimate gaming experience that is not dependent on travel or tourism. That being said, we have seen in the last week a decline in same-store sales. And this morning, the Illinois Gaming Board has ordered the suspension of all video gaming operations at all licensed video gaming establishments of any kind in Illinois effective at 9:00 p.m. today, Monday, through March 16, 2020 -- from March 16, 2020, through March 30, 2020. Additionally, the Illinois Gaming Board canceled its meeting scheduled for March 12, delaying the licensing of new locations. At this time, it's difficult to predict the full impact of coronavirus. We are monitoring the situation closely and will provide financial guidance for 2020 once we have more visibility. Fortunately, we are not a high fixed cost business, and as a result, we are well positioned to weather this disruption.
Back to you, Andy.